2010 年挪威布伦达尔斯布林再生冰川岩崩调查

IF 5.8 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL
Siri H. Engen, Marthe Gjerde, Thomas Scheiber, Gernot Seier, Hallgeir Elvehøy, Jakob Abermann, Atle Nesje, Stefan Winkler, Kristine F. Haualand, Denise C. Rüther, Alexander Maschler, Benjamin A. Robson, Jacob C. Yde
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引用次数: 0

摘要

冰川上的岩崩在挪威十分罕见。在这里,我们研究了蔓延到再生的布伦达尔斯布林(Brenndalsbreen)冰川上的岩崩,该冰川是乔斯达尔斯布林(Jostedalsbreen)冰盖的出口冰川。这次岩石雪崩非常引人关注,因为在确切的崩塌时间、脱离区域位置、准备和触发过程等方面的信息非常有限。根据对冰层地层和照片资料的分析,我们认为该事件发生在 2010 年 3 月中旬至 6 月 4 日之间。一个潜在的触发因素可能是 2010 年 3 月 18-19 日的大雪和降雨,以及超过冰点的气温。我们利用数字地形模型确定,脱离区位于下布伦达尔斯布林上方一个狭窄峡谷中几乎垂直的岩石斜坡上。矿床体积估计为 0.130 ± 0.065 百万立方米,高/低比和法尔布松(fahrböschung)分别为 0.45 和 24°。我们应用 Voellmy 流动模型,通过产生实际的流出长度来确认脱离位置和体积估计值。虽然冰川剥落可能是一个准备过程,但在岩崩发生之前,剥离区已经暴露了 45-70 年。上冰川岩崩碎屑被分成两个分支,在冰川上有一条明显的熔出线。碎屑在 2019 年和 2020 年到达冰川前沿,在那里开始逐年沉积,而下布伦达尔斯布林则不断后退。2010 年布伦达尔斯布林岩崩可能不是一个独特的事件,因为构成旧岩崩证据的沉积物目前正在冰川前沿融化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Investigation of the 2010 rock avalanche onto the regenerated glacier Brenndalsbreen, Norway

Investigation of the 2010 rock avalanche onto the regenerated glacier Brenndalsbreen, Norway

Rock avalanches onto glaciers are rare in Norway. Here, we examine a rock avalanche that spread onto the regenerated Brenndalsbreen, an outlet glacier from Jostedalsbreen ice cap. The rock avalanche is intriguing in that limited information exists with respect to the exact time of failure, location of detachment area, and preparatory and triggering processes. Based on an analysis of ice stratigraphy and photographic documentation, we assess that the event happened between mid-March and June 4, 2010. A potential triggering factor could have been heavy snow and rainfall combined with above freezing air temperatures on March 18–19, 2010. We use digital terrain models to determine that the detachment area is at an almost vertical rock slope in a narrow gorge above Lower Brenndalsbreen. The deposit volume is estimated to 0.130 ± 0.065 Mm3, and the H/L ratio and fahrböschung are 0.45 and 24°, respectively. We apply a Voellmy flow model to confirm the detachment location and volume estimate by producing realistic runout lengths. Although glacial debuttressing may have been a likely preparatory process, the detachment area was exposed for 45–70 years before the rock avalanche occurred. The supraglacial rock avalanche debris was separated into two branches with a distinct melt-out line across the glacier. The debris reached the glacier front in 2019 and 2020, where it started being deposited proglacially while Lower Brenndalsbreen kept receding. The 2010 Brenndalsbreen rock avalanche may not be a unique event, as deposits constituting evidence of an old rock avalanche are currently melting out at the glacier front.

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来源期刊
Landslides
Landslides 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
13.60
自引率
14.90%
发文量
191
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Landslides are gravitational mass movements of rock, debris or earth. They may occur in conjunction with other major natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Expanding urbanization and changing land-use practices have increased the incidence of landslide disasters. Landslides as catastrophic events include human injury, loss of life and economic devastation and are studied as part of the fields of earth, water and engineering sciences. The aim of the journal Landslides is to be the common platform for the publication of integrated research on landslide processes, hazards, risk analysis, mitigation, and the protection of our cultural heritage and the environment. The journal publishes research papers, news of recent landslide events and information on the activities of the International Consortium on Landslides. - Landslide dynamics, mechanisms and processes - Landslide risk evaluation: hazard assessment, hazard mapping, and vulnerability assessment - Geological, Geotechnical, Hydrological and Geophysical modeling - Effects of meteorological, hydrological and global climatic change factors - Monitoring including remote sensing and other non-invasive systems - New technology, expert and intelligent systems - Application of GIS techniques - Rock slides, rock falls, debris flows, earth flows, and lateral spreads - Large-scale landslides, lahars and pyroclastic flows in volcanic zones - Marine and reservoir related landslides - Landslide related tsunamis and seiches - Landslide disasters in urban areas and along critical infrastructure - Landslides and natural resources - Land development and land-use practices - Landslide remedial measures / prevention works - Temporal and spatial prediction of landslides - Early warning and evacuation - Global landslide database
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