Landslides最新文献

{"title":"Deformation trends of two types of toppling in underdip and anti-dip bedding slopes under water-level fluctuations in the Xiluodu Reservoir using InSAR technology","authors":"Lingjing Li, Baoping Wen, Xin Yao, Kaiyu Ren, Yifei Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s10346-023-02197-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-023-02197-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Toppling is among the most common deformation types in steeply bedded rock slopes. With the construction of high dams in large rivers, various toppling deformations have occurred in reservoir areas, and it is still unclear how toppling deformation varies with long-term water-level fluctuations. To identify the deformation characteristics and different responses to the water-level fluctuations of the two types of toppling in underdip bedding and anti-dip bedding slopes, stacking interferometric synthetic aperture radar (stacking-InSAR) and small baseline subset InSAR (SBAS-InSAR) technologies were used based on Sentinel-1 SAR data from 8 years following reservoir impoundment. Initially, topplings that deformed locally after impoundment and those that deformed later exhibited complete deformation. According to the stacking-InSAR deformation profile and the deformation characteristics of typical permanent scatter (PS) points from SBAS-InSAR, both Xingguangsanzu (XGSZ) and Yanwan (YW) toppling instabilities can be divided into two deformation zones. According to the annual stacking-InSAR results and the deformation rates of the two zones of topplings, the deformation mode of the XGSZ toppling instability was retrogressive and that of the YW toppling instability was progressive. The crack distributions were related to the surface deformation and the slope topography, and the main tension cracks were very consistent with the large deformation area revealed by InSAR. In terms of long-term deformation, the XGSZ toppling instability mainly suffered from collapse of the front edge before reservoir impoundment, which turned into overall deformation after the first impoundment, while the YW toppling instability deformed after impoundment. The deformation area of the XGSZ toppling instability expanded faster than that of the YW toppling instability in the first 3 years after impoundment. Regarding the relationship with water-level fluctuations, the SBAS-InSAR results showed that the impact of water-level drawdown on the YW toppling instability was more significant than that on the XGSZ toppling instability. The elevation of the YW toppling instability affected by water-level fluctuations was higher than that of the XGSZ toppling instability, and it was speculated that the strong water conductivity of the fault fracture zone in the middle of the slope affected the deformation of the YW toppling instability.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"85 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139476233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and causes of a catastrophic snow avalanche that occurred on January 17, 2023, in Tibet","authors":"Ningsheng Chen, Anhui Li, Shufeng Tian, Mahfuzur Rahman, Na Huang, Debin She, Zhi Li, Haitao Ding","doi":"10.1007/s10346-023-02205-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-023-02205-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139476531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic effect of the Wangjiayan landslide based on microtremor measurements in Beichuan, Southwest China","authors":"Xiaobo Li, Yutong Xuan, Xinghao Zhou, Xin Wang, Ganglei Ouyang, Junjie Duan, Jingshan Bo","doi":"10.1007/s10346-023-02191-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-023-02191-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using microtremor data from the Wangjiayan landslide in Beichuan (Southwest China), we applied the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method to evaluate the associated seismic effect. The results show the following: (1) The microtremor spectrum characteristics of the Wangjiayan landslide are significant, and the HVSR curves feature multiple peaks and fluctuate significantly in the high-frequency band, suggesting contributions from the underlying stratigraphic structure, overburden thickness, and topography. (2) The predominant frequencies of the landslide crown, the landslide bedding, and the landslide main body appear at 2.75, 3.79, and 3.61–4.06 Hz, with corresponding peak amplification factors of 3.44, 2.45, and 2.34–2.48. The amplification effect tends to intensify as the elevation of the microtremor measurement points rises gradually. (3) Microtremor directional characteristics are evident at the crown of the Wangjiayan landslide, with significant directivity ranging from 80 to 110°, including the main slide direction of the landslide at 80°. (4) The preferential orientation of the joints in the Wangjiayan landslide area ranges from 70 to 100°, coinciding with the significant directivity of the microtremors at the landslide crown, which indicates that the tectonic stress induced by the Yingxiu–Beichuan fault may have a particular promoting effect on the formation of the Wangjiayan landslide. The results serve as an additional reference for researching the triggering mechanism of the Wangjiayan landslide and provide technical support for investigating the seismic effect of old landslides.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139475865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controls on debris-flow avulsions: White Mountains of California and Nevada","authors":"Lauren Herbert, Paul Santi, Alex Densmore","doi":"10.1007/s10346-023-02207-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-023-02207-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The process by which debris flows shift from an active channel and branch out into new transport or depositional areas is termed “avulsion.” They pose serious risks for structures and populations on debris-flow fans, yet avulsion mechanisms are relatively unknown and unaccounted for in hazard assessments, as compared to avulsions of rivers and streams, which are better understood. This study analyzes six debris-flow fans in the White Mountains of California and Nevada to identify relationships between avulsion locations and channel characteristics, constrain the controlling factors on avulsion, assess the probability that avulsion will occur at specified locations, and develop a method to predict avulsion locations. A database of avulsion locations and their channel characteristics was compiled in the field. These were compared to the characteristics of other positions on the fan surface that show evidence of debris flows that did not avulse through stepwise, binary logistic regression. Results indicate that two-thirds of avulsion likelihood can be attributed to the percentage of boulders at the site, slope angle, channel width, and the ratio between flow thickness and average slope at the avulsion location. The accuracy of this model can be improved when it accounts for the presence of a coarse channel plug, which increases the likelihood of avulsion. Application of the model is demonstrated by runout simulations with forced avulsions from modeled channel plugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139476026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blocking-baffle mechanism of vegetation to rock avalanche on the forested slope of the east Sichuan-Tibet Mountains","authors":"Yong Wu, Zhang-qing Wang, Xin-po Li, Siming He, Xiao-qin Lei","doi":"10.1007/s10346-023-02206-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-023-02206-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The forest could be a protective structure to reduce rock avalanches in the Sichuan-Tibet Mountains. When rocks propagate down a forested slope and hit trees, they are blocked, modified in trajectory, slowed down, and deposited, which weakens their destructive effect directly on the downstream. To better understand the protective effect of forests against rock avalanches, a novel material point method (MPM) introducing two contact models describes the rock avalanches’ movement on slope and interaction with trees, respectively. Carry out simulations on an idealized scenario of rock avalanches to conduct extensive parametric studies, which give the shape, volume, thickness, and runup height of rock accumulations, showing how shapes, species, and layout of trees have vital effects on blocking the rock avalanches. Finally, an optimal green protective structure for a vegetation-free slope in a 3D valley is given, and the blocking-baffle mechanism of vegetation to rock avalanches on mountains is illustrated clearly through numerical calculations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139421564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deformation stage division and early warning of landslides based on the statistical characteristics of landslide kinematic features","authors":"Junrong Zhang, Huiming Tang, Changdong Li, Wenping Gong, Biying Zhou, Yongquan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10346-023-02192-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-023-02192-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Analyzing and quantifying the deformation process of landslides is of paramount importance in facilitating landslide early warning. As such, this study is committed to proposing a universal phenomenological model for deformation stages division and early warning of landslides based on the kinematic features. First, five landslide deformation patterns were classified based on the creep theory, and suggestions for stage division of each deformation pattern are presented. Then, the statistical characteristics of landslide velocity were analyzed, and a probability-based deformation stage division method was proposed. Finally, the Comprehensive Standardized Deformation Index (CSDI) model, which includes the calculation of the <span>({CSDI}^{M-M})</span> (Min-Max normalization) and <span>({CSDI}^{M})</span> (Mean normalization) was proposed and verified in 24 landslides worldwide. The results show that, except for the oscillating pattern, the <span>({CSDI}^{M-M})</span> is feasible in the stages division of all deformation patterns with a strong correspondence with the actual state of the landslides. The <span>({CSDI}^{M})</span> is a reliable landslide warning criterion and threshold determination method, as it is effective in the early warning of imminent landslides with a low false alarm rate. The CSDI model provides new insight into the division of landslide deformation stages and landslide risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139092456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macro and micro connections for slip zone soils of landslide under wetting–drying cycles in the Three Gorges Reservoir area","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10346-023-02195-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-023-02195-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Temporal variability in the macro-mechanics and microstructure induced by periodic water fluctuations during reservoir operation is widespread but adverse for slip zone soils. Herein, taking the slip zone soils of Huangtupo No. 1 landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir area as a research case, the consolidation undrained (CU) triaxial tests coupled with wetting–drying cycles are organized to address macroscopic temporal variability of shear strength parameters. Then, quantitative microscopic characterizations are performed based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with mercury compression test (MIT). Eventually, the macro and micro connections are identified via gray rational analysis (GRA) and dynamic time warping (DTW) to be thus mathematized. Moreover, the weakened constitutive model is constructed. The test results show that the temporal variability of macroscopic shear strength parameters can be quantified as negative exponential decay. The wetting–drying cycles prominently contribute to the generation of intra-agglomerate pores (0.9–35 μm). Besides, the inter-granular pores (0.007–0.9 μm) and porosity are the connections to bridge microstructural parameters and macroscopic shear strength parameters. Furthermore, empirical equations for macro and micro connections are tentatively derived; the temporal variability of slip zone soils is invited to appropriately model the weakening laws of stress–strain. This study is expected to provide ingenious perspectives and promising references in stability evaluation and even disaster prevention of reservoir landslides.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139092837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and geophysical evaluation of the recent 2023 Alausí landslide in the northern Andes of Ecuador","authors":"Lucia Macías, María Quiñonez-Macías, Theofilos Toulkeridis, José Luis Pastor","doi":"10.1007/s10346-023-02185-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-023-02185-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The province of Chimborazo located in the northern Andes of Ecuador presents many intrinsic factors, which contribute to the occurrence of mass movements, leaving in many of the cases registered damages of materials and loss of life. The recent landslide of March 26, 2023, in the Alausí canton is an event of great interest due to the magnitude of the occurred destruction and the corresponding fatalities. Therefore, there are two predominant objectives of the current study, of which the first has been to determine the most relevant characteristics of this mass movement by identifying and analyzing the geomorphology of the recorded slope movement and the lithological units involved, by field work and through geophysical surveys. Secondly, we performed a preliminary study of the possible triggers of the movement by means of the historical analysis of the precipitations during the months of January to March of the last decade and the study of the recent seismic series. However, through the obtained analysis, it is determined that the study site is composed of three distinctive lithological units. The observed mass movement is of the rotational type, as result of the intense rainfall that occurred during the first quarter of 2023, being hereby the most probable triggering factor. This corresponds to a 600% increase in the average monthly rainfall compared to the period from 2010 to 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139071518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double-index rainfall warning and probabilistic physically based model for fast-moving landslide hazard analysis in subtropical-typhoon area","authors":"Taorui Zeng, Quanbing Gong, Liyang Wu, Yuhang Zhu, Kunlong Yin, Dario Peduto","doi":"10.1007/s10346-023-02187-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-023-02187-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In subtropical typhoon-prone regions, landslides are triggered by short-duration intense rainfall and prolonged periods of elevated pore-water pressure. However, fast-moving landslides pose a significant challenge for timely warning because of insufficient data on rainfall triggers and the identification of potential failure sites. Thus, our study introduces an integrated approach that combines a double-index intensity-duration (I-D) threshold, accounting for daily rainfall (R₀) and 5-d effective rainfall (R₅), with the MC-TRIGRS, a probabilistic physically based model, to analyze fast-moving landslide hazards at a regional scale. This approach is characterized by its innovative features: (i) it employs a double-index model to categorize rainfall events, differentiating between long-term continuous rainfall and short-term intense precipitation; (ii) it utilizes a comprehensive dataset from extensive field investigations to implement the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) -enhanced long short-term memory neural network (LSTM) to predict soil thickness distributions across the study area; and (iii) it adopts the classical Monte Carlo method to calculate failure probabilities under various rainfall scenarios, incorporating randomness in key soil parameters, such as cohesion and internal friction angle. By leveraging geotechnical data from both field and laboratory tests and integrating the accumulated knowledge, these models can be applied to the coastal mountainous basins of Eastern China, a region highly prone to landslides. Our goal was to augment the effectiveness of landslide early warning systems. Particularly, the synergistic use of rainfall empirical statistics and probabilistic physically based slope stability models is poised to bolster real-time control and risk mitigation strategies, providing a robust solution for short-term preparedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139071523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Site selection for landslide GNSS monitoring stations using InSAR and UAV photogrammetry with analytical hierarchy process","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10346-023-02188-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-023-02188-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Site selection for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) monitoring stations is the primary task in landslide GNSS monitoring work, and the selected site directly determines the monitoring effect of landslide deformation. Currently, the method for selecting site locations predominantly relies on the manual judgment of geological disaster experts by site inspections, which is experimental and labor-intensive. In this study, we propose an alternative site selection method on GNSS landslide monitoring station aided by interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry methodology. Firstly, InSAR technology is used to obtain historical deformation data of the landslide area as prior information. Then, high-resolution digital surface model (DSM) and digital orthophoto map (DOM) are obtained by using UAV photogrammetric methodology, and relevant site selection criteria such as slope, aspect, surface roughness index, and vegetation index are extracted. Finally, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method is applied to evaluate and quantify the suitability of GNSS station site selection at various positions in the landslide area. The suitability of GNSS monitoring station site selection was evaluated in an experimental area located in the Heifangtai landslide in Northwest China’s Gansu province. Seven evenly and reasonably distributed locations with suitability values exceeding 0.67 were recommended as potential sites for the construction of GNSS monitoring stations, which can meet the requirements for their establishment. With less manual intervention, this method provides quantitative and intuitive representation of suitability distribution, which make GNSS site selection more intelligent.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139056379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}