Typical characteristics and causes of giant landslides in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, China

IF 5.8 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL
Junyan Zhao, Qiangbing Huang, Jianbing Peng, Zuopeng Wang, Penghui Ma, Yanqiu Leng, Lijie Chen, Zhiyuan He, Luqing Zhao, Qingyu Xie, Gaofeng Yang
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Abstract

The canyon section from Longyangxia to Liujiaxia in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, which is characterized by a significant number and large scale of landslides, is a typical area prone to landslides. Investigating the characteristics and causes of giant landslides in this region holds great significance for understanding and mitigating the risks associated with such disasters. This paper explored the development characteristics and induced causes of these giant landslides via field surveys, remote sensing interpretations, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys, geological dating methods, and numerical simulation methods. There were 22 giant landslides in the study area. Their sliding face is deeply buried in sandy mudstone or sandy stone that is landslide strata and shows large differences in elevation of landslide front and back edges. Most of these landslides mainly occurred tens of thousands of years ago that is indicated by geological dating results. The causes behind these giant landslides have been discussed from various perspectives. Multiple factors, such as tectonic activity, rock properties (“genes”), river erosion dynamics, climate change influences, and ancient earthquakes, are believed to have contributed to the development of giant landslides in this region. Regional tectonic activities exert tectonic forces leading to structural plane formation within rock masses while providing initial conditions for deformation and failure processes associated with giant landslide occurrences. Since the Pleistocene, Yellow River erosion has created favorable spatial environments conducive to giant landslide development by altering slope stress conditions; furthermore, climate change weakens rock mass strength. Finally, earthquakes generate substantial energy serving as catalysts for triggering massive landslide events by inducing rock mass failures.

Abstract Image

中国黄河上游巨大滑坡的典型特征和成因
黄河上游龙羊峡至刘家峡峡谷段滑坡数量多、规模大,是滑坡灾害的典型易发区。研究该地区巨型滑坡的特征和成因,对于了解和减轻此类灾害的风险具有重要意义。本文通过野外调查、遥感解译、无人机(UAV)调查、地质测年方法和数值模拟方法,探讨了这些巨型滑坡的发育特征和诱发原因。研究区域共有 22 个巨型滑坡。它们的滑动面都深埋在属于滑坡地层的砂质泥岩或砂岩中,滑坡前后边缘的高差很大。地质测定结果表明,这些滑坡大多发生在数万年前。人们从不同角度讨论了这些巨大滑坡背后的原因。构造活动、岩石性质("基因")、河流侵蚀动态、气候变化影响和古代地震等多种因素被认为是造成该地区巨型滑坡的原因。区域构造活动产生的构造力导致岩体内部结构平面的形成,同时为与巨型滑坡发生相关的变形和破坏过程提供了初始条件。自更新世以来,黄河的侵蚀作用改变了斜坡应力条件,为巨型滑坡的形成创造了有利的空间环境;此外,气候变化也削弱了岩体强度。最后,地震通过诱发岩体崩塌,产生巨大能量,成为引发大规模滑坡事件的催化剂。
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来源期刊
Landslides
Landslides 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
13.60
自引率
14.90%
发文量
191
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Landslides are gravitational mass movements of rock, debris or earth. They may occur in conjunction with other major natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Expanding urbanization and changing land-use practices have increased the incidence of landslide disasters. Landslides as catastrophic events include human injury, loss of life and economic devastation and are studied as part of the fields of earth, water and engineering sciences. The aim of the journal Landslides is to be the common platform for the publication of integrated research on landslide processes, hazards, risk analysis, mitigation, and the protection of our cultural heritage and the environment. The journal publishes research papers, news of recent landslide events and information on the activities of the International Consortium on Landslides. - Landslide dynamics, mechanisms and processes - Landslide risk evaluation: hazard assessment, hazard mapping, and vulnerability assessment - Geological, Geotechnical, Hydrological and Geophysical modeling - Effects of meteorological, hydrological and global climatic change factors - Monitoring including remote sensing and other non-invasive systems - New technology, expert and intelligent systems - Application of GIS techniques - Rock slides, rock falls, debris flows, earth flows, and lateral spreads - Large-scale landslides, lahars and pyroclastic flows in volcanic zones - Marine and reservoir related landslides - Landslide related tsunamis and seiches - Landslide disasters in urban areas and along critical infrastructure - Landslides and natural resources - Land development and land-use practices - Landslide remedial measures / prevention works - Temporal and spatial prediction of landslides - Early warning and evacuation - Global landslide database
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