{"title":"Typical characteristics and causes of giant landslides in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, China","authors":"Junyan Zhao, Qiangbing Huang, Jianbing Peng, Zuopeng Wang, Penghui Ma, Yanqiu Leng, Lijie Chen, Zhiyuan He, Luqing Zhao, Qingyu Xie, Gaofeng Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10346-024-02363-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>The canyon section from Longyangxia to Liujiaxia in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, which is characterized by a significant number and large scale of landslides, is a typical area prone to landslides. Investigating the characteristics and causes of giant landslides in this region holds great significance for understanding and mitigating the risks associated with such disasters. This paper explored the development characteristics and induced causes of these giant landslides via field surveys, remote sensing interpretations, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys, geological dating methods, and numerical simulation methods. There were 22 giant landslides in the study area. Their sliding face is deeply buried in sandy mudstone or sandy stone that is landslide strata and shows large differences in elevation of landslide front and back edges. Most of these landslides mainly occurred tens of thousands of years ago that is indicated by geological dating results. The causes behind these giant landslides have been discussed from various perspectives. Multiple factors, such as tectonic activity, rock properties (“genes”), river erosion dynamics, climate change influences, and ancient earthquakes, are believed to have contributed to the development of giant landslides in this region. Regional tectonic activities exert tectonic forces leading to structural plane formation within rock masses while providing initial conditions for deformation and failure processes associated with giant landslide occurrences. Since the Pleistocene, Yellow River erosion has created favorable spatial environments conducive to giant landslide development by altering slope stress conditions; furthermore, climate change weakens rock mass strength. Finally, earthquakes generate substantial energy serving as catalysts for triggering massive landslide events by inducing rock mass failures.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Landslides","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02363-0","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The canyon section from Longyangxia to Liujiaxia in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, which is characterized by a significant number and large scale of landslides, is a typical area prone to landslides. Investigating the characteristics and causes of giant landslides in this region holds great significance for understanding and mitigating the risks associated with such disasters. This paper explored the development characteristics and induced causes of these giant landslides via field surveys, remote sensing interpretations, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys, geological dating methods, and numerical simulation methods. There were 22 giant landslides in the study area. Their sliding face is deeply buried in sandy mudstone or sandy stone that is landslide strata and shows large differences in elevation of landslide front and back edges. Most of these landslides mainly occurred tens of thousands of years ago that is indicated by geological dating results. The causes behind these giant landslides have been discussed from various perspectives. Multiple factors, such as tectonic activity, rock properties (“genes”), river erosion dynamics, climate change influences, and ancient earthquakes, are believed to have contributed to the development of giant landslides in this region. Regional tectonic activities exert tectonic forces leading to structural plane formation within rock masses while providing initial conditions for deformation and failure processes associated with giant landslide occurrences. Since the Pleistocene, Yellow River erosion has created favorable spatial environments conducive to giant landslide development by altering slope stress conditions; furthermore, climate change weakens rock mass strength. Finally, earthquakes generate substantial energy serving as catalysts for triggering massive landslide events by inducing rock mass failures.
期刊介绍:
Landslides are gravitational mass movements of rock, debris or earth. They may occur in conjunction with other major natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Expanding urbanization and changing land-use practices have increased the incidence of landslide disasters. Landslides as catastrophic events include human injury, loss of life and economic devastation and are studied as part of the fields of earth, water and engineering sciences. The aim of the journal Landslides is to be the common platform for the publication of integrated research on landslide processes, hazards, risk analysis, mitigation, and the protection of our cultural heritage and the environment. The journal publishes research papers, news of recent landslide events and information on the activities of the International Consortium on Landslides.
- Landslide dynamics, mechanisms and processes
- Landslide risk evaluation: hazard assessment, hazard mapping, and vulnerability assessment
- Geological, Geotechnical, Hydrological and Geophysical modeling
- Effects of meteorological, hydrological and global climatic change factors
- Monitoring including remote sensing and other non-invasive systems
- New technology, expert and intelligent systems
- Application of GIS techniques
- Rock slides, rock falls, debris flows, earth flows, and lateral spreads
- Large-scale landslides, lahars and pyroclastic flows in volcanic zones
- Marine and reservoir related landslides
- Landslide related tsunamis and seiches
- Landslide disasters in urban areas and along critical infrastructure
- Landslides and natural resources
- Land development and land-use practices
- Landslide remedial measures / prevention works
- Temporal and spatial prediction of landslides
- Early warning and evacuation
- Global landslide database