Landslides最新文献

{"title":"Influence of runoff on debris flow propagation at a catchment scale: a case study","authors":"Wei Liu, Siming He","doi":"10.1007/s10346-024-02255-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02255-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Debris flow mobility can vary during propagation due to changes in flow volume and bulk flow behavior resulting from the absorption of water from runoff. This study aims to investigate the effect of runoff on debris flow propagation by presenting an integrated model that considers the processes of rainfall, vegetation interception, soil infiltration, runoff generation, and debris flow propagation. Specifically, the study adopts an elevation-based empirical formula to evaluate the spatial distribution of rainfall and introduces a parameter for water absorption rate into the depth-averaged two-layer model that is used for describing the dynamics of runoff and debris flow. Through alternative simulations of the 2020 debris flow in the Meilong catchment, the study illustrates the significant effects of water absorption on debris flow propagation. The results indicate that as the water absorption rate of the debris mass increases, debris flow mobility also increases, since more mass and energy are transferred from runoff to debris flow. In addition, the spatial and temporal patterns of rainfall intensity can modify the propagation velocity of debris flow by influencing runoff dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140624951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic susceptibility assessment of debris flow hazard after a strong earthquake, Wenchuan County, Sichuan, China","authors":"Xianzheng Zhang, Chenxiao Tang, Yongbo Tie, Xiaojuan Li, Chuan Tang, Jiang Xiong, Ming Chen, Lingfeng Gong","doi":"10.1007/s10346-024-02246-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02246-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Large amounts of co-seismic landslides provide abundant debris sources following a strong earthquake and are prone to initiate and generate debris flow under heavy rainfall. Assessing the susceptibility they pose and what drives their movement in the years following the mainshock has not yet been attempted, primarily because multitemporal debris flow inventories are lacking. This study conducted statistical analyses using the multitemporal debris flow inventory (2008–2021) following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and a set of conditional factors (debris source, terrain, and hydrology). The dynamic susceptibility evaluation model was created using logistic regression. The temporal evolution of these factors affecting debris flow runout was explained. Our findings suggest that topography variables grew rapidly after the earthquake, while debris source factors dominated for seven years after the disaster before declining progressively to zero. These findings may have significant consequences for traditional susceptibility assessment models in regions where co-seismic landslides are the dominant debris flow source.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140624622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submarine landslides and tsunami genesis in Sagami Bay, Japan, caused by the 1923 Great Kanto earthquake","authors":"Kazuki Murata, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, Shinji Sassa, Tomohiro Takagawa, Koichi Masuda, Takujiro Miyamoto, Masato Ohno, Shigenori Maruyama","doi":"10.1007/s10346-024-02231-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02231-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The 1923 Great Kanto earthquake occurred on September 1, in Japan, and caused severe damage mainly in the Kanto region. Tsunamis were observed over wide regions from the east coast of the Izu Peninsula to the west coast of the Boso Peninsula, and particularly, the damage in Atami was devastating. Many earthquake fault models including those of Kanamori (1971) and Ando (1971) were proposed based on the records of land deformation. However, such fault models cannot sufficiently explain the tsunami elevation and its initial sea-level motion on the coasts. Hence, the detailed mechanisms remain elusive. This study examines the possibility that a leading mechanism of the tsunami in the 1923 Great Kanto earthquake was a large-scale submarine landslide that occurred at Sagami Bay and at the mouth of Tokyo Bay based on the records of depth data measured by the Imperial Japanese Navy (1924) before and after the earthquake. We first show that the tsunami calculated by each fault model was inconsistent with the waveform at Yokosuka, the coastal tsunami elevations, and initial sea-level motion. Then, based on statistical analysis of the depth changes at the 1923 Great Kanto earthquake, we found that the seafloor bathymetric changes represented large-scale submarine landslides that may correspond to long-runout submarine liquefied sediment flows. The seafloor gradient over a 40 km flow-out distance was equal to or less than 0.4<span>(^circ)</span>. Through the identification of the submarine landslide source by tsunami backpropagation analysis and utilizing an analytical solution of a high-density gravity flow and a sensitivity analysis, we conducted a range of numerical simulations of the 1923 Great Kanto earthquake tsunamis using a fault model and a submarine landslide tsunami source model due to a high-density liquefied gravity flow. The results quantitatively accounted for the discrepancy between the observed tsunami records with maximum tsunami elevations over 12 m and the fault-model–based simulations with maximum tsunami elevations of 2 to 5 m and explained consistently the maximum tsunami elevation distributions as well as the time-series tsunami waveforms. These results may thus facilitate and deepen our understanding of the earthquake-induced submarine landslide tsunami risk as cascading multi-geohazards.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of long-term preparatory factors in mass rock creep deforming slopes: insights from the Zagros Mts. belt (Iran)","authors":"Michele Delchiaro, Marta Della Seta, Salvatore Martino, Mohammad Moumeni, Reza Nozaem, Gian Marco Marmoni, Carlo Esposito","doi":"10.1007/s10346-024-02252-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02252-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The long-term evolution of slopes affected by Mass Rock Creep deformations is controlled by both time-invariant predisposing factors, such as the geo-structural inheritance, and time-dependent preparatory conditions, including regional uplift and landscape evolution rates. However, the relationship among Deep-seated Gravitational Slope Deformations, drainage network evolution, and tectonics remains poorly defined. Here, we focused on an undocumented Deep-seated Gravitational Slope Deformation affecting an area of about 8 km² in the SE tip termination of the Siah Kuh anticline in the Lorestan arc (Zagros Mts., Iran), upstream to the Mountain Front Fault. To assess the evolution processes which involved the slope up to the present, we integrated quantitative geomorphic analysis, optically stimulated luminescence dating of geomorphic markers, and SAR interferometry techniques. In detail, we semi-automatically extracted the river terrace treads to which we associated an elevation above the thalweg based on the Relative Elevation Model allowing the order definition. The plano-altimetric distribution of the treads and the OSL ages of two levels of strath terraces sampled in the field have been correlated along the river longitudinal profile, allowing the estimation of an uplift rate of 2.8 ± 0.2 mm year⁻¹ and 0.42 ± 0.03 mm year⁻¹, respectively upstream and downstream of the Mountain Front Fault. SAR interferometry was used to spot present-day shallow ground displacements associated with the ongoing slope deformation, by processing 279 satellite Sentinel-1 (A and B) radar images of the ascending and descending orbit spanning from 06 October 2014 to 31 March 2019. Different landslide mechanisms were distinguished across the fold axis, rototranslative to lateral spreading interpreted as two different evolutionary stages of the same process transposed spatially through the fold axis. Indeed, the rototranslative mechanism represents an advanced stage of the strain evolution while the lateral spreading is an earlier one. Finally, we infer that the variability in the spatial distribution of the slope deformation styles and patterns in the Lorestan arc is strictly related to the coupled evolution of the drainage system and tectonics. Involved volumes (from 0.6 up to 44 km³), local relief (from 400 up to 2000 m), incision rates (from 0.8 to 2.8 ± 0.2 mm year⁻¹), and persistence time (from 10⁴ to 10⁵ years) represent the most important preparatory conditions and are predisposed by a moderately dipping downslope (from 8 to 25°) sedimentary sequence characterised by units with significantly different rheological behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140616278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the impact of terrain factors and data fusion methods on uncertainty in intelligent landslide detection","authors":"Rui Zhang, Jichao Lv, Yunjie Yang, Tianyu Wang, Guoxiang Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10346-024-02260-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02260-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Current research on deep learning-based intelligent landslide detection modeling has focused primarily on improving and innovating model structures. However, the impact of terrain factors and data fusion methods on the prediction accuracy of models remains underexplored. To clarify the contribution of terrain information to landslide detection modeling, 1022 landslide samples compiled from Planet remote sensing images and DEM data in the Sichuan–Tibet area. We investigate the impact of digital elevation models (DEMs), remote sensing image fusion, and feature fusion techniques on the landslide prediction accuracy of models. First, we analyze the role of DEM data in landslide modeling using models such as Fast_SCNN, the SegFormer, and the Swin Transformer. Next, we use a dual-branch network for feature fusion to assess different data fusion methods. We then conduct both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the modeling uncertainty, including examining the validation set accuracy, test set confusion matrices, prediction probability distributions, segmentation results, and Grad-CAM results. The findings indicate the following: (1) model predictions become more reliable when fusing DEM data with remote sensing images, enhancing the robustness of intelligent landslide detection modeling; (2) the results obtained through dual-branch network data feature fusion lead to slightly greater accuracy than those from data channel fusion; and (3) under consistent data conditions, deep convolutional neural network models and attention mechanism models show comparable capabilities in predicting landslides. These research outcomes provide valuable references and insights for deep learning-based intelligent landslide detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140596895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into the catastrophic slope failures at Sau Mau Ping: the role of antecedent rainfall pattern","authors":"Levinna Natalia, Jun Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10346-024-02247-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02247-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events, which aggravate the threat to the safety of natural and man-made slopes. There is growing interest in the role of rainfall characteristics in these slope failures. Most of previous studies treated the rainfall individually or as cumulative value and used hypothetical rainfall temporal patterns with no association with actual physical failures. In this study, the two deadly landslides in Sau Mau Ping, Hong Kong, in June 1972 and August 1976, which caused 165 casualties, are revisited. An intriguing question that has long been overlooked is posed: <i>why the slopes that withstood the 1972 rainfall failed in the 1976 rainfall</i>, <i>given that the rainfall intensity of the latter event was only half of the former?</i> Based on an extensive review of the forensic reports and relevant studies on the failure events, numerical modeling is carried out by a combination of seepage analysis with stability analysis and unsaturated shear strength theory. Focus is placed on the geological and hydrological settings and the rainfall characteristics, particularly the temporal pattern of the antecedent and main rainfall, to look into the causes and mechanisms for these failures. Implications of the new findings for future research and practice are also highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140596813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the dynamic process of a rock avalanche through an MLS-MPM simulation incorporated with a nonlocal μ(I) rheology model","authors":"Shuxi Zhao, Siming He, Xinpo Li, Gianvito Scaringi, Yang Liu, Yu Deng","doi":"10.1007/s10346-024-02244-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02244-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rock avalanches typically entail the flow-like motion of angular rock blocks and fragments of diverse size. Numerical simulations are instrumental in understanding their dynamic process, supporting hazard and risk assessments. Simplified failure criteria, such as the Mohr-Coulomb or Drucker-Prager, are commonly adopted in landslide models relying on the material point method (MPM). However, these criteria cannot capture the transitions between solid-like, liquid-like, and gas-like behaviors exhibited by granular materials. Here, we relied on the moving least-squares MPM, which offers high computing efficiency and stability, and adopted a nonlocal μ(I) rheology model implemented by Haeri and Skonieczny (Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng, 2022). This approach can account for the rate-dependent, pressure-dependent, and size-dependent characteristics of friction in granular materials. By simulating a small-scale flume experiment as well as a large-scale event (the Nayong rock avalanche in Guizhou, China), we verified that the nonlocal μ(I) rheology model can capture the motion and deposition processes in rock avalanches effectively. This feature can be advantageous in physically based hazard assessments of such events.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140603240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can tree rings indicate deformation of talus slope in the cold region?","authors":"Weibo Li, Xingwei Ren, Haowen Fan, Qinglu Deng, Haijun Li, Meng Lu, Jin Luo","doi":"10.1007/s10346-024-02240-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02240-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deformation and failure of the talus slope in the cold region significantly threaten engineered structures. Its driving mechanism of the deformation process is the most challenging issue. In this study, we try to explore these issues using tree ring characteristics. Fifty samples from 21 trees of <i>Pinus densiflora</i> growing on the talus slope in the Huanren area of Northeast China are tested to investigate the characteristics of tree rings and their relation to climate change. The deformation and its driving mechanism of this talus slope are then studied by combining the analysis of tree-ring width and mutation identification with the local meteorological data. The results present that the studied talus slope in Huanren has deformed to varying degrees at least 60 times since 1900. It is reasonable to speculate that the deformation mode of this slope is probably of a long-term and slow type. The local precipitation and seasonal temperature difference are the vital inducing factors of the mutation of tree-ring width and slope deformation. Repeated freezing and thawing are believed to be the driving factors of this talus slope in the cold region. A theoretical model is proposed to capture and predict the deformation of the talus slope. This work presents a new perspective and insight to reveal the deformation and its driving mechanism of similar talus slopes in the cold region. It is of great significance to practical engineering treatment and disaster prevention for this kind of cold region environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140603245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on synergistic action of tap-like arbor root system and anti-slide piles by physical model experiment of landslides","authors":"Hao Ding, Lei Xue, Jingshi Shang, Songfeng Guo, Hongyan Liu, Longfei Li, Haoyu Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10346-024-02248-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02248-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Currently, most designs for landslide hazard control employ geotechnical measures as the primary strategy and vegetation measures as the supplemental strategy. However, few studies have investigated the synergistic protection effectiveness of combining geotechnical and vegetation measures. To evaluate the synergistic mechanism between roots and piles and the corresponding slope-protection effect, we focused on tap-like arbor roots and anti-slide piles and used 3D printing technology to efficiently build composite models of roots and soil. In addition, this study uses square steel to simulate anti-slide piles, conducts a series of experiments with different support modes, and monitors the deformation and failure processes of shallow soil slopes. The results show that (1) both roots and piles could improve the anti-sliding force; under the synergistic support of roots and anti-slide piles (SSRAP), the postpeak anti-sliding force attenuation rate decreases, with the residual anti-sliding force demonstrating a significant advantage. (2) Root-support measures can only control the deformation of the slope bottom, while pile-support measures can effectively control the deformation of different slope areas. (3) The slope surface is characterized by numerous small cracks with poor connectivity under root support. The process of crack expansion is obviously delayed under pile support, and the SSRAP inherits their respective advantages, further enhancing the slope integrity. These results fill the research gap in the synergistic mechanism of geotechnical and vegetation measures and present the development of effective strategies for the comprehensive prevention and control of landslide disasters.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140596696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of pre- and post-failure deformation and evolution of the Shanyang landslide using multi-temporal remote sensing data","authors":"Jiewei Zhan, Yuemin Sun, Zhaoyue Yu, Huanyu Meng, Wu Zhu, Jianbing Peng","doi":"10.1007/s10346-024-02257-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-024-02257-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>On August 12, 2015, a catastrophic landslide occurred in Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province, China, resulting in 7 deaths and 53 missing. This study investigates the lifecycle evolution and failure mechanism of the Shanyang landslide with multi-source remote sensing data, emphasizing the critical role of locked segments in the Shanyang landslide. Differential interferometric analysis and deformation decomposition were utilized to reveal the pre-failure deformation pattern of the Shanyang landslide. Creeping deformation was found along the underlying soft layer 4 months prior to the landslide, with the deformation mainly occurring downslope and controlled by the locked segment at the front edge of the slope. The integration of a 1:1000 pre-failure topographic map and a high-precision post-failure digital elevation model determined the landslide volume to be 1.60 × 10⁶ m³ and revealed a maximum travel distance of 500 m. Combining engineering geological zoning with deformation data, the Shanyang landslide was classified as a typical locked-segment-dominated slide in soft-hard interbedded strata, with rainfall as a key deformation influence factor. Finally, using the time series deformation from SBAS-InSAR, the post-failure stability of the landslide area was analyzed. This study demonstrates the potential of integrating multi-temporal remote sensing techniques to identify the entire deformation and destruction process of landslides and their influencing factors, which offers valuable insights for improving early landslide warnings and hazard assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":17938,"journal":{"name":"Landslides","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140596810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}