Journal of Wildlife Management最新文献

{"title":"Harvest management and mast abundance affect black bear harvest demographics in the United States","authors":"Nathan P. Kluge,&nbsp;Cady E. Sartini,&nbsp;Benjamin S. Sedinger,&nbsp;Brian C. Barringer,&nbsp;Scott E. Hygnstrom,&nbsp;Andrew N. Tri,&nbsp;Kristin A. Denryter,&nbsp;Colin P. Carpenter,&nbsp;Colleen Olfenbuttel,&nbsp;Emily M. Carrollo","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22710","url":null,"abstract":"<p>American black bear (<i>Ursus americanus</i>) populations are abundant across many parts of the United States and provide diverse hunting experiences for thousands of outdoor enthusiasts annually. We must understand factors that influence harvest vulnerability of black bears to effectively set harvest quotas, manage hunter harvest, and meet management objectives. Hard mast, such as acorns, makes up a large portion of a black bear's autumn diet throughout much of their range and the abundance of mast can alter the annual vulnerability of bears to hunting. Across the United States, various methods are used to dictate harvest, some of which allow hunting with the aid of dogs or bait. We used historical data from 2000‒2020 on acorn production and black bear harvest from California, Minnesota, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, USA, to investigate the influence that acorn production, harvest methods, season structure, and bear density had on autumn bear harvest. When acorn production was high there was a lower number of bears harvested, median age of harvested females, and proportion of the harvested bears that were females. Use of bait increased harvest of adult female bears when acorn production was low, whereas use of dogs increased harvest of adult female bears when acorn production was high. Hunting seasons that started later in the year resulted in a lower proportion of the harvested bears that were female and young bears. Total number and number of young bears harvested were positively related to density of bear hunting licenses issued. Depending on the bear population and existing regulations, these results can be used by managers to better align harvest of black bears with management objectives by adjusting the density of available licenses, the overall season length, or allowing use of bait and dogs to increase harvest.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22710","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Introduction to R: Data Analysis and Visualization By \u0000 Mark Gardener, London, United Kingdom: Pelagic Publishing. 2023. pp. 381. $47.00 (paperback). ISBN: 9781784273385","authors":"Emily A. Masterton","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22713","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding diverse perspectives on grizzly–livestock conflict and conflict-reduction tools across southwest Montana ranching communities","authors":"Ada P. Smith,&nbsp;Allegra Sundstrom,&nbsp;Morey Burnham","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22709","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As the grizzly bear (<i>Ursus arctos</i>) population rebounds in the western United States, conflicts with humans, including livestock depredation, have also increased. What grizzly bear conflict means, for whom, and what it implies for the viability of conflict-reduction tools on the ground can vary widely. Multiple perspectives on the causes of—and solutions to—grizzly bear conflict present serious challenges for conservation practice. To better understand perceptions of human conflict with grizzly bears, we used a combination of in-depth interviews (<i>n</i> = 29) followed by a Q-sort activity with key stakeholders (<i>n</i> = 21; i.e., ranchers, ranch managers, conservation organization members, agency scientists) in ranching communities in southwest Montana, USA, situated between the 2 largest grizzly bear recovery zones. Stakeholders interpreted conflict with grizzly bears as directly and indirectly connected to broader social changes on the landscape, and these changes influence how they make sense of and act on conflict reduction. Specifically, 3 distinct (but not mutually exclusive) perspectives on grizzly–livestock conflict and conflict-reduction tools emerged: 1) that grizzly–livestock conflict is a symptom of the social divide within ranching communities, 2) that conflict can be attributed to governance structures that currently limit the use of potentially effective tools (e.g., hunting, lethal removal), and 3) there are multiple paths for reducing conflict and holistic, ecosystem-based management is needed. We provide managers with new insights on grizzly–livestock conflict and conflict reduction, and hope this work helps increase collaboration among ranchers, managers, and other stakeholders engaged in this complex social and ecological challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing model specificity and transferability: Barn owl nest box selection","authors":"Matthew D. Johnson,&nbsp;Jaime E. Carlino,&nbsp;Samantha D. Chavez,&nbsp;Rebecca Wang,&nbsp;Christian Cortez,&nbsp;Laura M. Echávez Montenegro,&nbsp;Doris Duncan,&nbsp;Bill Ralph","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22712","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Examining the transferability of habitat selection models is vital when they are used to forecast predictions in new times or places, but this issue is too often neglected. Nest boxes are often installed in agricultural landscapes to attract barn owls (<i>Tyto</i> spp.) and the ecosystem services they provide. For this practice to be effective, farmers need actionable guidelines for nest box design and placement to optimize nest box use. We addressed 3 primary objectives: 1) develop a nest box selection model in the well-studied region of Napa Valley, California, USA, 2) evaluate this model's predictive performance in other regions of California, and 3) use data from all regions to build a more generalizable model. Based on data from 6 years of monitoring used and unused American barn owl (<i>Tyto furcata</i>) nest boxes in Napa Valley, we found that nest box selection was best predicted by nest box attributes (e.g., pole height, box height, and entrance orientation), local land cover (e.g., grassland within 75 m), and landscape-scale metrics (e.g., grassland within 2.81 km). This model's predictions were strongly correlated with observed nest box use in Napa, but the model performed poorly when used to predict nest box use in other regions that are ecologically similar (Sonoma County) or dissimilar (Fresno, Merced, and Madera counties). A model pooling data from all regions fit the data well and again showed effects of box, local, and landscape predictors. It was more generalizable than the Napa-only model and lost little precision when applied with forecasting predictions to Napa in particular. Taken together, our results indicate that local data should be used to make the most reliable predictions of nest box use. Until those data are available, general recommendations should be made from models that pool data from as many regions as feasible and should provide appropriate caveats. Results of this work can inform nest box design and placement for the benefit of farmers and owls in California, and future research should examine nest box selection by barn owls in other areas of the world with different climates and local habitats.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A leap in scale for invasive species management: a medium-scale beaver eradication pilot project","authors":"Pablo Jusim,&nbsp;Andrea P. Goijman,&nbsp;Adrián Schiavini","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22706","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 1946, 20 beavers (<i>Castor canadensis</i>) were introduced in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, and over the last 70 years, the population has expanded, severely affecting riparian environments. In 2008, Argentina and Chile agreed to restore the environments affected by beavers through their eradication. The objectives of this paper were to assess the trapping effort and cost required to remove beavers, and to determine the factors that influence capture success. The study was conducted over 7 pilot areas in the Argentine part of Tierra del Fuego. Ten trappers using body-grip traps, snares, and shooting carried out an eradication pilot project between October 2015 and June 2018. Trappers acted in 505 colonies, performing 9,751 trapping episodes, and capturing 1,012 beavers. In the mountain range zone, trappers needed on average 23 trapping episodes/km of watercourse. Capture success was best explained by trap placement and trap type. We estimated a required investment of 31 million US dollars over 17 years for a full beaver eradication in the Argentine part of Tierra del Fuego. We concluded that by using mainly body-grip traps, eradication is feasible and it allows trapping in neighboring colonies simultaneously, without the need to check traps daily. Traps should be set preferably on dams, dams should be broken only after the first captures, and trappers should be trained to capture all individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sanctuary for migrating and wintering waterfowl: Synthesis and insights for waterfowl management and conservation planning","authors":"J. Brian Davis,&nbsp;Michael G. Brasher,&nbsp;Heath M. Hagy","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22707","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Waterfowl use a diversity of resources (e.g., food, structure, sanctuary) to meet energetic, social, and other life-history demands during the non-breeding period. Waterfowl often seek areas with limited human disturbance (i.e., sanctuary) during autumn and winter when hunting seasons are open perhaps to reduce exposure to mortality risks, minimize energy expenditure, and increase foraging efficiency, all of which should enhance survival and subsequent fitness. Prior studies of sanctuary use by waterfowl have mostly focused on patterns of abundance and behavior, with many documenting differential diel movements of marked birds in and around sanctuaries. Although reduced mortality risk is likely associated with sanctuary use, much less is known about the potential effects on energy expenditure, body condition, reproductive consequences at the individual level, and seasonal distribution with respect to viewing and harvest potential. We consider these aforementioned factors among the most significant gaps in our understanding of the function of sanctuary in waterfowl management. As waterfowl hunter recruitment, retention, and reactivation have become a major initiative of many natural resource agencies and a core principle of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan, we discuss the potential role of sanctuary relative to these efforts. Herein, we review historical aspects of waterfowl sanctuary, introduce hypotheses about its potential role in habitat resource management and conservation planning during autumn and winter, discuss our knowledge of the effects of sanctuary on waterfowl, and share insights to inform decisions about the role of sanctuary in waterfowl management given currently available evidence and remaining uncertainties. Our review describes the existing evidence for the biological and social outcomes of sanctuary, draws some conclusions about the role of sanctuary in natural resource management given the available evidence, and outlines potential research opportunities to help us make informed decisions regarding sanctuary implementation for waterfowl.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22707","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common snipe (Gallinago gallinago) population trend using 12 years of data across different Italian regions","authors":"Daniel Tramontana,&nbsp;Marcello Franchini,&nbsp;Sauro Giannerini,&nbsp;Antonella Labate,&nbsp;Claudio Cortesi,&nbsp;Michele Sorrenti","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22711","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The common snipe (<i>Gallinago gallinago</i>) is a popular migratory game bird in Italy, especially in the northern regions. An effective management plan for this species requires setting up a population monitoring scheme to estimate its conservation status. For waders subject to hunting, like the common snipe, such monitoring must also be based on quantitative and qualitative data collected for consecutive hunting seasons. Among these data, the demographic trends, the frequency and distribution during postnuptial migration, hunting bags, plumage collections, and habitat use are essential to improve the management and conservation of this species. The aim of this work was to explore variations in common snipe abundance in the span of 12 hunting seasons in 5 Italian regions: Emilia-Romagna, Latium, Marche, Piedmont, and Umbria. Data on common snipe abundance in each region and year were reported in the form of an abundance index (Indice Cynégétique d'Abondance [ICA]) and a harvest index (Indice Cynégétique de Prélèvement [ICP]), which correspond respectively to the number of common snipes flushed and harvested during a hunting trip. Considering pooled data from all regions, our findings revealed no significant variations in common snipe abundance and harvest rate from 2010–2011 to 2021–2022. However, significant differences emerged in the 5 explored regions. These results underscore the importance of maintaining long-term monitoring programs for evaluating the conservation status of the common snipe population, such as presence and abundance, which are critical for sustainable hunting and conservative management of the species in Italy.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22711","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do invasive predators pose a predation risk to roosting shorebirds? Fecal DNA and camera trap analysis","authors":"Louise A. Williams,&nbsp;Samuel Dupré,&nbsp;Michael Stat,&nbsp;Matt W. Hayward,&nbsp;Christophe Tourenq,&nbsp;Andrea S. Griffin","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22694","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Shorebird populations have experienced dramatic population declines worldwide. Reasons for these declines are varied, but one largely understudied threat at migratory shorebird non-breeding grounds is predation by introduced predators. High-tide roosting shorebirds may be vulnerable to ground predation, as they roost in a spatially clumped and temporally predictable manner in areas easily accessible to ground predators. We measured predation risk by the introduced red fox (<i>Vulpes vulpes</i>) at high-tide roosts within 2 internationally important shorebird estuaries in New South Wales, Australia, during a time when non-breeding shorebird numbers were at their annual peak, using a combination of camera trapping and environmental DNA (eDNA). Foxes were present at all study sites and were seen most frequently at sites encompassing the 2 largest high-tide roosts within the study estuaries, and least frequently nearest the roosts. Metabarcoding identified a broad range of avian taxa in fox scats collected at roosts, including ground-dwelling birds, native waterbirds, and introduced pigeons and doves, but no shorebird species. Bird prevalence in fox scats reached levels that far exceeded those reported in prior studies. Future studies should examine whether red foxes present a non-lethal, rather than lethal, predation threat to high-tide roosting shorebirds when feeding on other co-occurring food sources, potentially inducing energetically costly predator avoidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information - Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22601","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22601","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sampling for disease surveillance: assessing effects on blue-winged teal survival and recovery","authors":"Rose J. Swift,&nbsp;Todd W. Arnold,&nbsp;Deborah L. Carter,&nbsp;Paul Link,&nbsp;Rebecca L. Poulson,&nbsp;David E. Stallknecht,&nbsp;Aaron T. Pearse","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22708","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in wild animals highlight the need for disease surveillance in wild birds to improve our understanding of their role as reservoirs and dispersers, and potential threats to domestic poultry and wild bird populations. Surveillance for avian influenza varies in its approach, objectives, and coordination with other monitoring efforts. For waterfowl, a common host to avian influenza viruses, banding represents a concerted effort of capturing and marking thousands of individuals annually to estimate survival and harvest rates, but users of these data have generally taken a conservative approach to remove any banded birds from analyses that had a sample taken for disease surveillance during capture. We tested for differences in survival and encounter probabilities of blue-winged teal (<i>Spatula discors</i>) marked (<i>n</i> = 21,702 teal) and sampled for disease surveillance (<i>n</i> = 4,216) during the nonbreeding season in Louisiana, USA, from 2016 to 2023. Although we found no consistent effect of collecting biological samples on survival probability, including an additional test showing no detectable effects of sampling for disease surveillance with oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs versus sampling with swabs and a syringe-drawn blood sample, wide 95% credible intervals on the posterior survival estimates (mean 0.36 difference between upper and lower values across all year-sex-sampling groups; 0.44 for sampling type groups) indicated low statistical power to detect an effect. Seber recovery probability during the first interval following sampling was lower among birds sampled using swabs only, but we assume this stems from low sample sizes rather than an effect of collecting biological samples. Because recovery probabilities can vary as a function of individual covariates, we also examined direct recovery probabilities and observed no meaningful effect of disease surveillance sampling type but strong effects of capture date, suggesting the effect on Seber recovery probability may have been due to heterogeneity in exposure to natural and harvest mortality risks. Although we suggest that aligning disease surveillance sample collection efforts with landscape-scale waterfowl banding efforts may have little effect on observed demographic rates, additional studies with larger sample sizes are likely needed to provide the statistical power necessary to formally conclude no effect of biological sampling on survival probabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}