Journal of Wildlife Management最新文献

{"title":"Jaguar predation on domestic horses in the dry forest of northwestern Costa Rica","authors":"Brayan Morera,&nbsp;Víctor Montalvo,&nbsp;Jairo Moya,&nbsp;Javier Obando,&nbsp;Carolina Sáenz-Bolaños,&nbsp;Todd K. Fuller,&nbsp;Eduardo Carrillo","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22637","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.22637","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Depredation of domestic horses (<i>Equus caballus</i>) by jaguars (<i>Panthera onca</i>) is an example of human–wildlife conflict that has not received much attention. We monitored spatio-temporal activity and distribution of horses in a 2.64-km² fenced area in the dry forest of northwestern Costa Rica in response to 16 jaguar killings of horses during January-November 2017. We monitored 4 horses (2 males, 2 females) equipped with global positioning system transmitters from February-September 2018 to identify daily and seasonal patterns of use of cover types and a water source by horses. We then compared these results to the previous locations where jaguars killed horses to identify the circumstances under which horses seemed more vulnerable to jaguar predation. Based on 1,693 locations, horses spent most time in grassland (92%) rather than forest and edge vegetation (8%) and used a core area of 0.74 km² (kernel density estimation) to 0.86 km² (minimum convex polygon). Of 16 horse predation events by jaguars, 9 events (56%) occurred in grasslands, 4 in forested areas (25%), and 3 in the forest edge (19%), indicating predation events occurred disproportionately from expected counts based on horse use of vegetation. The predation sites were characterized by a higher proportion of edge and a lower proportion of forest compared to a random points. We suggest that when horses explored areas near the edge of forested areas, the chances of being preyed on by jaguars increased.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141746415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing moose harvest success and hunter effort in Ontario, Canada","authors":"Nick W. Luymes,&nbsp;Joseph M. Northrup,&nbsp;Brent R. Patterson","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22638","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.22638","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The management of big game harvest is important for maintaining viable populations and providing recreational opportunities to hunters. There are numerous strategies used by management agencies to achieve these goals, but they are complicated by variation in factors that are difficult to control, such as harvest success rates. For harvest management decisions to have the desired effect on big game populations, the mechanisms affecting factors like harvest success rates need to be properly understood. We used Bayesian hierarchical survival models to explore the factors influencing spatial and temporal variation in moose (<i>Alces alces</i>) harvest success rates in Ontario, Canada. We estimated harvest success rates from hunter reports from 59 Wildlife Management Units from 2000–2019. Overall, harvest success rates were primarily influenced by variables under the control of management agencies, such as season length and tag allocations, but they were also affected by external factors like moose density and weather. Season length, while positively related to harvest success for shorter seasons (e.g., &lt;25 days), exhibited limited influence for longer seasons (&gt;25 days). Our results were largely consistent across spatial and temporal scales, with a similarly strong positive effect of moose density and negative effect of tag allocation between management units and across years. This study emphasizes the need for managers to recognize the inherent uncertainty in harvest outcomes beyond their control and the importance of open communication with hunters in achieving effective harvest management, while offering concrete pathways for influencing harvest success.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22638","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141745394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use or abuse of trophy hunting for conservation genomics?","authors":"Peter Klinga,&nbsp;Patrícia Pečnerová,&nbsp;Mark Blaxter,&nbsp;Jacob Höglund","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22631","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.22631","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Novel genomic tools can yield information important for the conservation of threatened species. Remains of hunted individuals may provide important genomic information; however, the ethics of using remains of hunted animals for conservation research, especially remains of trophy-hunted animals, is controversial. While there are ongoing political discussions considering blanket bans on the import and use of trophy-hunted specimens, the consequences of such bans for conservation science have not been broadly discussed. Should conservation science accept samples acquired through legal trophy hunting? We investigate the ethical and practical considerations surrounding the use of biological samples acquired through legal trophy hunting. We propose that trophy-hunted specimens should not be banned from conservation genomic research. Specimens from hunting could contribute to science and conservation genomic monitoring of wildlife and provide information for biodiversity management.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22631","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141745396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing camera-based ungulate density estimates: a case study using island populations of bighorn sheep and mule deer","authors":"Jessica Coltrane,&nbsp;Nicholas J. DeCesare,&nbsp;Jon S. Horne,&nbsp;Paul M. Lukacs","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22636","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.22636","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Camera-based abundance estimators are an alternative methodology of growing interest in both research and management applications. The statistical formulations of camera-based abundance estimators using time-lapse data should theoretically produce precise and unbiased estimates; however, production of unbiased results also requires meeting several important assumptions, and real-world case studies evaluating such results remain relatively few. We applied instantaneous sampling (IS) and space-to-event (STE) estimators to remote camera data collected in April 2021 via time-lapse sampling of closed populations of bighorn sheep (<i>Ovis canadensis</i>) and mule deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus</i>) on Wild Horse Island in western Montana, USA, and compared results for bighorn sheep to aerial and ground-based counts. Point estimates from camera-based approaches underestimated bighorn sheep populations by 32–44% (IS estimator) and 62–69% (STE estimator) relative to aerial and ground counts. Patchy spatial distribution and group-living behavior of sheep resulted in a high degree of noise surrounding the IS estimate. In comparison, a low point estimate with relatively narrow confidence intervals suggested potential sensitivity of the STE estimator to violating assumptions of independence among individual animals and sampling occasions. Estimates of mule deer had improved precision over sheep estimates, as indicated by lower estimated coefficients of variation of the mean (CV_mean) derived from the analytic SE estimator. Using 15-m viewsheds and the IS estimators, mule deer density estimates came with a 26% CV_mean compared to 43% CV_mean for bighorn sheep. This discrepancy may be a result of differences in distribution, behavior, and relative abundance between the 2 species. Accounting for group size and increasing time between sampling may improve accuracy of density estimates and adhere better to model assumptions when estimating precision. In addition, factors influencing viewshed and resulting density extrapolations must be considered carefully. While camera-based methods theoretically provide an alternative way to estimate density when traditional methods are impractical, our results suggest that more work is needed to ensure density estimates are accurate and precise enough to inform population management.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lethal wolf control elicits change in moose habitat selection in unexpected ways","authors":"Claire A. Ethier,&nbsp;Andrew F. Barnas,&nbsp;Nicole P. Boucher,&nbsp;Katherine Baillie-David,&nbsp;Jason T. Fisher","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22620","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.22620","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Moose (<i>Alces alces</i>) and woodland caribou (<i>Ranger tarandus caribou</i>) are the 2 large prey species for wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) in the Nearctic boreal forest in North America. Caribou have declined, with widespread anthropogenic disturbance as the ultimate cause and wolf predation as the proximal cause. To conserve caribou the government of Alberta, Canada initiated a wolf control program to reduce predation rates on caribou populations and contribute to caribou population recovery. Predators play an important role in shaping the structure and function of ecosystems through top-down forces. We hypothesized that the strongest factors influencing moose occurrences would reflect changes in predation risk before and after the onset of wolf control. We weighed evidence for competing hypothesis by deploying cameras across a highly industrialized landscape in Alberta for 3 years after wolf control (2017–2020), capitalizing on 3 years of existing data before the onset of wolf control (2011–2014). We created generalized linear models representing competing hypotheses about moose response to natural and anthropogenic landscape features before and after wolf control, examining support for each in an information-theoretic framework. Prior to wolf control, the model containing landscape features providing security cover was best-supported, but this was scale-dependent. After wolf control, the model containing landscape features that offer increased forage opportunities was best-supported. Unexpectedly, the direction of effect was often opposite to predictions, with moose avoiding some features thought to provide security and forage. We demonstrate that lethal predator control affects the spatial distribution of its primary prey species but in ways we do not fully comprehend, highlighting the need for a better understanding of community dynamics following wolf control.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22620","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141608809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring questing winter tick abundance on traditional moose hunting lands","authors":"Juliana A. Berube,&nbsp;Alexej P. K. Sirén,&nbsp;Benjamin D. Simpson,&nbsp;Kelly B. Klingler,&nbsp;Tammy L. Wilson","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22630","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An important symbolic and subsistence animal for many Native American Tribes, the moose (<i>Alces alces</i>; mos in Algonquin, Penobscot language) has been under consistent threat in the northeastern United States because of winter tick (<i>Dermacentor albipictus</i>) parasitism over the past several decades, causing declines in moose populations throughout the region. This decline has raised concern for Tribes and agencies that are invested in moose. Given this concern, it is increasingly important to effectively monitor and develop strategies to manage winter ticks to address consistent population declines of moose due to winter ticks. The Penobscot Nation developed a novel strategy to sample questing winter ticks (i.e., ticks that are actively seeking hosts) using a plot-based sampling protocol that may be suitable for heterogeneous habitats. We deployed this protocol in the northeastern United States in 2022 during the tick questing period (Sep–Dec) on Penobscot Nation sovereign trust lands, the White Mountain National Forest and Umbagog National Wildlife Refuge, and western-central Massachusetts, USA. We analyzed the data using occupancy and N-mixture models. Detection probability peaked during mid-October and tick occupancy and abundance were greatest at sites with intermediate understory vegetation height. The sampling protocol was successful at sampling ticks in Massachusetts, where abundances were expected to be low, indicating that it may be useful for studies planning to monitor winter tick distribution and abundance in areas with sub-optimal moose habitat and where winter tick abundance is expected to be low. This approach may also benefit managers or researchers intending to monitor many species of hard ticks, and where imperfect detection is expected.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22630","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141584053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information - Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22440","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22440","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141584054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration tracking assists harvest management of overabundant Canada geese in Manitoba, Canada","authors":"Leanne R. Neufeld,&nbsp;Frank Baldwin,&nbsp;Kevin C. Fraser","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22635","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.22635","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Similar to other jurisdictions across North America, populations of temperate-nesting giant Canada geese (<i>Branta canadensis maxima</i>) have increased to unprecedented levels in Manitoba, Canada, causing extensive damage to crops and property, posing risks to human safety, and mostly avoiding mortality risk from fall hunting seasons. As a result, this population in southern Manitoba was declared overabundant in 2019, through an amendment to the Canada Migratory Birds Regulations. Management authorities sought to increase harvest rates by introducing an additional hunting period in spring, or conservation season, wherein harvest could be concentrated on this population. An important consideration was the need to avoid additional harvest on non-target populations that do not meet the criteria to be classified as overabundant, specifically, sub-arctic nesting Canada geese (<i>Branta canadensis interior</i>) and mid-continent cackling geese (<i>Branta hutchinsii hutchinsii</i>). To investigate differences in migration timing of populations, and ultimately determine start and closure dates for the spring conservation season, we deployed light-level geolocators on adult females of each population between 2016 and 2018. We used Bayesian approaches to derive locations from light-level data and generalized linear mixed models to investigate potential differences in timing of international border crossing among goose populations. Migration data confirmed that movement of these populations overlapped extensively in fall, but in spring, a narrow period existed where mainly the target population was present. Our findings provide the basis for decisions about timing of spring conservation seasons for overabundant temperate-nesting Canada geese in Manitoba, the first season of its kind for this population in North America. Additionally, our work represents the first large-scale use of light-level geolocator technology for assisting with waterfowl harvest management decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22635","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141550939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High freshwater turtle occupancy of streams within a sustainably managed tropical forest in Borneo","authors":"Wei Cheng Tan,&nbsp;Victor Vitalis,&nbsp;Julsun Sikuim,&nbsp;Dennis Rödder,&nbsp;Mark-Oliver Rödel,&nbsp;Sami Asad","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22633","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.22633","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite suffering dramatic declines due to habitat loss and overexploitation, tortoises and freshwater turtles in Southeast Asia remain understudied. Sustainable forest management offers a promising approach for advancing the conservation of threatened turtle populations. This study examines the effect of reduced impact logging (RIL), a sustainable forestry method, on 2 freshwater turtle species. We examined detectability patterns and habitat relationships for the threatened Malayan flat-shelled turtle (<i>Notochelys platynota</i>) and the non-threatened Malayan soft-shelled turtle (<i>Dogania subplana</i>) in 8 streams within a commercial forest reserve between March and July 2019, in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Using single-species occupancy models, we identified covariates associated with the detection and occupancy probabilities of these species across a post-harvest recovery gradient (1–21 years since logging). Covariates used in the models were obtained directly from the field or from open-source remote sensing data. Results for soft-shelled turtles were inconclusive. In contrast, we found a negative association between monthly rainfall and flat-shelled turtle detectability. The occupancy probability of flat-shelled turtles was positively associated with greater distance from logging roads and higher stream flow accumulation. Occupancy probability for flat-shelled turtles and soft-shelled turtles was relatively high throughout the reserve (0.79 ± 0.1 [SD] and 0.57 ± 0.22, respectively). These results, suggest that appropriately managed forests, could serve as invaluable conservation areas for imperiled freshwater turtle species in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22633","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogeography of mammals in Southeast Alaska and implications for management of the Tongass National Forest","authors":"Antonia Androski,&nbsp;Ben J. Wiens,&nbsp;Joseph A. Cook,&nbsp;Natalie G. Dawson,&nbsp;Jocelyn P. Colella","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22627","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.22627","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Insular evolution on archipelagos generates a significant proportion of global biodiversity, yet islands are among the ecosystems most sensitive to accelerating anthropogenic disturbance, introductions of non-native species, and emerging pathogens, among other conservation challenges. The Alexander and Haida Gwaii archipelagos along North America's North Pacific Coast support a disproportionate number of endemic taxa compared to other high-latitude terrestrial ecosystems. In this region, endemics in Canada are explicitly protected, but in the United States, endemics have been operationally ignored. We reviewed regional research on terrestrial mammals and endemics from 2000–2022 to guide wildlife management. Elevated regional endemism is due to a combination of deep and shallow temporal processes (i.e., long-term refugial isolation vs. recent colonization). With adequate sampling, genomic analyses are well-suited to identifying nuanced patterns of divergence and endemism, thereby facilitating a deeper understanding of regional diversity. We identified 18 mammalian endemics in Southeast Alaska, USA, at varying taxonomic scales, but research effort has significant taxonomic biases and sampling infrastructure remains inadequate. Of the 66 terrestrial and aquatic mammal species in Southeast Alaska, only 55% are represented by ≥10 archived samples over the last 2 decades. Across taxa, major spatial and temporal sampling gaps limit interpretations of wildlife responses to changing environmental conditions. The Tongass National Forest is spread across an island archipelago, and climate change is projected to have disproportionate impacts on island endemics worldwide. In this case, the United States Forest Service is not closely monitoring endemic taxa, as was required by the Tongass Land Management Plan in 1997. Our review underscores a need for increased consideration of how endemism can be incorporated into land and wildlife management across the Alexander Archipelago. Moving forward, we encourage state and federal agencies, Indigenous communities, and international collaborators to continue to partner with natural history biorepositories to ensure strategic wildlife sampling infrastructure is built and made accessible to the broader scientific community as part of the land management process.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22627","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141530118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}