Journal of Wildlife Management最新文献

{"title":"Annual variation in attribute importance to upland game hunter satisfaction in Nebraska","authors":"Matthew P. Gruntorad,&nbsp;Jeffery J. Lusk,&nbsp;Christopher J. Chizinski","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22666","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.22666","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To sustain recreational hunting participation, we need to identify what makes a hunting experience satisfying. Merely identifying which factors are important to hunter satisfaction may be insufficient, however, as factor importance could vary across consecutive hunting seasons. Using online surveys, completed by individuals who hunted upland game in Nebraska, USA, from 2018 to 2022, we applied importance grid analysis (IGA) and penalty–reward contrast analysis (PRCA) to examine how activity-specific factors influenced satisfaction across 5 consecutive hunting seasons. Results suggested consistent differences between the explicit (perceived importance) and implicit (performance) importance of factors for each hunting season. Factors related to seeing birds and harvest held greater implicit importance than expected based on explicit importance ratings (τ &gt; 0.55, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), whereas factors relating to access and other hunters held relatively lower implicit importance (τ &lt; 0.31, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The PRCA method consistently identified seeing game birds as a minimum requirement to upland game hunting (penalty <i>β</i> &lt; −0.26, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). However, factors relating to harvest, access, and other hunters emerged as important only within certain seasons. Using IGA and PRCA provided valuable insights about the importance of hunters seeing game birds, and how aspects of different hunting seasons may improve satisfaction for hunters.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22666","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Play is a privilege in both humans and animals: how our recreation influences wildlife","authors":"Joel Berger,&nbsp;Kira A. Cassidy","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22664","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.22664","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nature-based tourism nets roughly 8 billion annual travelers globally to all regions of Earth, with many visiting around 200,000 formally protected areas. Financially well-off tourists pay for playful activities and effects on wildlife are potentially large and relatively uncertain. Our commentary makes 3 points. First, variation in resource privileges and associated benefits characterizes not only humans but other species. Among animals, well-nurtured populations engage in more playful and leisurely activities than do those nutritionally impoverished. Privilege depends partially on birth sites, parents, and local conditions, but for humans recreation expands with monetary advantage. Second, nature-based tourism has 2 generalizable effects on wildlife, each involving degree of habituation. Among non-habituated populations, local site abandonment is frequent and modulated by seasonality, individuals' physiological states, and whether recreation is motorized or not. For habituated populations, tolerance emerges to increasing recreational exposure with some populations of species learning to rely on humans to shield as a buffer against possible predation. Third, desert bighorn sheep (<i>Ovis canadensis nelsoni</i>) offer a robust example of the issues surrounding the effects of tourism on wildlife because of the geographically complicated relationship between recreational pursuit and wildlife on public lands of the western United States. While protected for decades, females have failed to habituate to different forms of recreation at certain sites. The result has been flight or site abandonment. Biodiversity protection at numerous scales has made strong gains but is still needed where progress is stymied by income disparities, privilege, and increasing recreation ventures.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"88 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22664","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global population size and conservation priority areas for the endangered Titicaca grebe","authors":"D. A. Villar,&nbsp;Paola Velásquez-Noriega,&nbsp;Edwin R. Gutiérrez Tito,&nbsp;Anahi Cosky Paca-Condori,&nbsp;Edmundo G. Moreno Terrazas,&nbsp;Ronald Hinojosa Cárdenas,&nbsp;Alfredo Balcón Cuno,&nbsp;Carmen Villanueva,&nbsp;Patrick Chapman,&nbsp;Jhazel Quispe,&nbsp;Jorgelina Marino,&nbsp;Andrew G. Gosler","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22659","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.22659","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Titicaca grebe (<i>Rollandia microptera</i>) is a poorly studied endangered species, only found in the Lake Titicaca watershed of Peru and Bolivia. Population surveys undertaken in the early twenty-first century suggested that the species had declined in number by &gt;70%. We conducted a population survey of the grebe between March and August 2022 in Peru and Bolivia, using both maximum entropy and Bayesian occupancy models to estimate factors affecting habitat suitability for the grebe. We conducted surveys between March and August 2022 in Peru and Bolivia. Contrary to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) population estimates of &lt;1,000 individuals, there are likely tens of thousands of individual grebes. The population estimation was sensitive to the type of model used. Distance from shore and fishing intensity were the most significant factors influencing grebe populations. The Reserva Nacional del Titicaca, the only protected area in the lake, covers some of the most suitable Titicaca grebe habitat across its entire range. The population of the Titicaca grebe is significantly higher than previous estimates, but we do not recommend a change to its conservation status because of the lack of conservation efforts for this species, and the long-term risks associated with global warming and fisheries bycatch.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"88 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22659","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying temperature refuges in Utah using temperature, biota, and habitat data","authors":"Edd Hammill,&nbsp;Lorelle Berkeley,&nbsp;Sarah Lindsey,&nbsp;Mindy Wheeler,&nbsp;Paul Thompson","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22667","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.22667","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding where on landscapes to make investments, such as designating protected areas, is a critical component of biodiversity management. Locations for management actions should achieve current management objectives while also having the best chance of continued success in the future. Climate change has the potential to undermine biodiversity management, as it may lead to substantial changes in environmental conditions that are outside local managers' control. Following changes in environmental conditions, areas on the landscape may become unsuitable for the species or habitats that the initial actions were intended to benefit. The potential for local actions to be undermined by global-scale threats makes it essential to account for and minimize exposure to temperature change. We present a series of analyses identifying priority areas for wildlife and habitat management. We conducted our analyses using a systematic landscape planning approach that identifies areas within species' ranges or current distributions of key habitats that are predicted to be less affected by future temperature change. We used the ranges of 142 animal and 149 plant species identified as species of greatest conservation need (SGCN) together with the distributions of 14 terrestrial and 19 aquatic key habitats in Utah, USA. We measured temperature change in 2 ways: as changes in mean annual temperature between 2020 and the year 2100 (temperature difference) and by quantifying how far a species range or habitat would have to shift to maintain its current temperature envelope (climate velocity). We identified the sub-watersheds with hydrologic unit code 12 (HUC 12) that collectively encompassed the ranges of our SGCNs and key habitats while minimizing overall exposure to temperature change. These high priority HUC 12s represented areas that were not only hotspots for SGCNs and key habitats but also acted as temperature refugia, where management actions are likely to be robust to temperature change. We hope that our identification of high-priority HUC 12s will help inform and guide future management actions to improve their long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of outdoor recreation on multiple vertebrate guilds in a fragmented sagebrush-steppe ecosystem","authors":"Madeline C. Aberg,&nbsp;Stephanie E. Coates,&nbsp;Lucian J. Davis,&nbsp;Benjamin W. Wright,&nbsp;Richard L. Mervin,&nbsp;Jay D. Carlisle","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22663","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.22663","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Outdoor recreational use is growing rapidly in the western United States, which increases the pressure on multiple-use public lands. Balancing recreational use with conservation goals requires considering the spatial and temporal intensity of recreational use and examining its effects on multiple species within an ecosystem. In 2019–2021, we assessed the relationship between recreational intensity and the abundance of a dominant prey species (Piute ground squirrel [<i>Urocitellus mollis</i>]), the abundance of avian and mammalian facultative scavengers that rely on ground squirrels, and the abundance and nesting success of ground-nesting birds at a national conservation area in southwestern Idaho, USA, where recreational shooting and off-highway vehicle use are the primary recreational activities. Recreational intensity varied across the study site. The abundance of ground squirrels was not related to recreational intensity. The abundance of common ravens (<i>Corvus corax</i>) and the abundance of American badgers (<i>Taxidea taxus</i>), 2 common facultative scavengers, were both positively associated with recreational intensity, while the abundance of other avian facultative scavengers was not related to recreational intensity. The abundance of horned larks (<i>Eremophila alpestris</i>) and nesting success of long-billed curlews (<i>Numenius americanus</i>), a more sensitive species, were negatively related to recreational intensity. Together, our results highlight the importance of considering variation in recreational intensity and the effect of recreation on multiple guilds within the ecosystem. An improved understanding of these relationships can be used with public land management to protect wildlife while providing opportunities for outdoor recreation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"88 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22663","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing shorebird use of post-harvest flooded rice fields in California's Sacramento Valley","authors":"Erin E. Conlisk,&nbsp;Gregory H. Golet,&nbsp;Mark Reynolds,&nbsp;Nathan Elliott,&nbsp;Matthew E. Reiter","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22661","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.22661","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Because of the importance of the Central Valley of California, USA, to shorebirds along the Pacific Flyway, conservation investments have been made in the area's agricultural fields and managed wetlands. Increasingly, landowner incentive programs are being used to deliver shorebird habitat, presenting opportunities to answer remaining questions about which implementation strategies and field management practices are most effective at attracting birds. To provide management guidance for these investments, we collected and analyzed 5 years of data (2014–2018) on shorebird abundance in flooded rice fields enrolled in a dynamic habitat incentive program. The program incentivized flooding in fallow and post-harvest rice fields in seasons when habitat is relatively sparse, specifically the early fall and late spring. Across nearly 9,000 field observations over 5 years, we explored the relationship between abundance and density (birds/ha) of shorebirds and vegetation cover, soil clay, landscape-level flooding, and local flood timing, duration, and depth. We observed more shorebirds in fields that were approximately 50% flooded, had water depths of 5–10 cm, and had minimal rice straw or stubble cover, with strong or very strong evidence for each of these relationships. We found that the timing of habitat provisioning was important, with moderate evidence that earlier fall flooding and strong evidence that the duration of fall flooding was associated with higher shorebird density. We observed lower shorebird densities in locations with ample flooded rice habitat in surrounding areas, potentially because shorebirds spread out across the landscape. We found very strong evidence that flooding consistency, either at a site that was continually flooded over many months or a site that had been flooded in previous years, was associated with higher shorebird density. Soil clay content was associated with decreased observed shorebird density, potentially through its influence on the ability of shorebirds to forage for invertebrate prey. These results suggest best practices for shorebird habitat creation in agricultural landscapes, providing important information for conservation and population recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"88 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22661","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nalbuphine, medetomidine, and azaperone use in free-ranging American black bears and mountain lions in Wyoming","authors":"Brie Hashem,&nbsp;Peach Van Wick,&nbsp;Samantha E. Allen","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22658","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.22658","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Safe and effective chemical immobilization is a necessary component of large carnivore management and research, but laws regulating controlled substances can limit the use of many drugs by non-veterinary personnel. NalMed-A (40 mg/mL nalbuphine HCl, 10 mg/mL medetomidine HCl, 10 mg/mL azaperone tartrate) is a non-controlled drug combination used to immobilize a number of free-ranging species, but there are limited published reports of its usage by non-veterinary personnel when immobilizing American black bears (<i>Ursus americanus</i>) and mountain lions (<i>Puma concolor</i>). Additionally, there are some safety concerns regarding anecdotal reports of spontaneous arousals occurring in large carnivores immobilized with NalMed-A. We performed a retrospective analysis of capture forms for free-ranging black bears (<i>n</i> = 34) and mountain lions (<i>n</i> = 7) immobilized with NalMed-A by non-veterinary personnel across Wyoming, USA, in 2017 and 2019–2024. Induction (<i>x̅</i> ± SE) was 10.74 ± 1.16 minutes for black bears (<i>n</i> = 34) and 7.14 ± 1.60 for mountain lions (<i>n</i> = 7). Reversal was 14.21 ± 1.51 minutes for black bears (<i>n</i> = 28) and 10.00 ± 1.26 minutes for mountain lions (<i>n</i> = 5). We used non-parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon rank sum) and odds ratios to examine the effect of certain parameters on induction times, redoses, and spontaneous arousals in black bears. Median induction time for black bears injected in their hind leg or rump was greater than for black bears injected in their shoulder (<i>n</i> = 34, <i>W</i> = 79.5, <i>P</i> = 0.045). Six black bears (18%) experienced spontaneous arousals. We recommend avoiding the hind leg and rump for dart placement in bears, and using hobbles and a muzzle for large carnivores when using NalMed-A in a free-ranging setting because of the risk of spontaneous arousals.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"88 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population response of eastern wild turkey to removal of wild pigs","authors":"Matthew T. McDonough,&nbsp;Stephen J. Zenas,&nbsp;Robert A. Gitzen,&nbsp;Mark D. Smith,&nbsp;Kurt C. VerCauteren,&nbsp;Stephen S. Ditchkoff","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22662","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.22662","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is insufficient understanding of interspecific interactions with the eastern wild turkey (<i>Meleagris gallopavo silvestris</i>) and wild pigs (<i>Sus scrofa</i>). Wild pigs compete with wild turkeys and predate nests and adults; however, population-level effects on wild turkeys are not clear. Using cameras, we assessed responses of wild turkey populations to wild pig removal in central Alabama, USA, from 2018–2021. We compared wild turkey relative abundance and occupancy on 3 large-scale pig-removal treatment sites (3,407–5,531 ha) relative to a control site (2,510 ha) during 1 pre-treatment year and 2 post-treatment years, with analyses including a covariate expressing the cumulative number of pigs removed from each site standardized by the initial pig abundance on the site. We removed 1,851 wild pigs from the 3 treatment sites over 22 months. Based on N-mixture modeling, when the number of pigs removed was equal to our baseline population estimates (i.e., 100% removal relative to initial population), there were 1.50 (95% CL = 1.01–2.23) times as many wild turkeys, and detection of wild turkeys was 2.01 (95% CL = 1.49–2.70) times as likely. Additionally, poults were 3.49 (95% CL = 1.12–10.89) times as likely to occupy an area when the number of pigs removed was equal to our baseline population estimates compared with poult occupancy at baseline pig abundance. Our data suggests that reduction of wild pig populations may lead to a localized increase in populations of wild turkeys.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"88 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of release strategy, source population, and age on reintroduced scaled quail reproduction","authors":"Rebekah E. Ruzicka,&nbsp;Dale Rollins,&nbsp;William L. Kendall,&nbsp;Paul F. Doherty Jr.","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22660","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.22660","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Translocation is one strategy to reestablish populations of scaled quail (<i>Callipepla squamata</i>). Initial reproductive success post-translocation is important for establishing short-lived species such as quail, but factors influencing reproductive success are poorly understood. We evaluated the effect of source population and variation in delayed release strategy (1−9 weeks) on nest initiation and nest survival of wild-caught, translocated scaled quail. We trapped and translocated scaled quail in 2016–2017 from source populations in the Edwards Plateau and Rolling Plains ecoregions of Texas, USA, to a large contiguous (&gt;40,000 ha) release site in Knox County, Texas. We used a multi-state mark-recapture model with state uncertainty to test for effects of release treatment, source population, age, release location, and year on nest initiation and survival. Increased length of holding time decreased re-nesting effort. Yearlings were more likely to initiate nests than adults and the probability of re-nesting was lower during the year with drought conditions. There was no effect of source population on any of the parameters we evaluated. Future scaled quail reintroduction efforts may benefit from prioritizing translocation of yearlings and conducting translocations when drought conditions are not forecasted.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"88 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22660","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling population dynamics of beluga whales in the Eastern High Arctic – Baffin Bay population","authors":"Brooke A. Biddlecombe,&nbsp;Cortney A. Watt","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22657","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.22657","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Beluga whales (<i>Delphinapterus leucas</i>) have a long history of subsistence harvest that has continued into the present and a history of exploitation through commercial harvest. The Eastern High Arctic – Baffin Bay (EHA) population of beluga whales has the northernmost distribution of any beluga whale population in Canada. Beluga whales from the EHA population have a single complete abundance estimate from 1996 and 3 partial abundance estimates in 1981, 2010, and 2012 from aerial surveys; reliable estimates from surveys are lacking in recent years, limiting the ability to determine population dynamics. In 2020 satellite imagery was used to estimate abundance for beluga whales in the EHA population for estuaries in the whales' summering area. We built a stochastic stock production model to estimate population dynamics from the start of reliably compiled harvest history data in 1977 to 2022, using abundance estimates from 1981, 1996, 2010, 2012, and 2020. We also extended the model 10 years into the future under 7 potential annual harvest scenarios (within the range of annual reported harvests) to calculate the probability of decline. We estimated the starting population in 1977 as 29,615 whales (95% CI = 20,765–46,251), and the estimate from 2022 was 16,495 whales (95% CI = 6,731–33,504). Landed catch of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 beluga whales annually resulted in &lt;1%, 3%, 23%, 50%, 70%, 83%, and 90% probabilities of decline, respectively. There was a notable decrease in abundance over the time series, likely caused by harvest pressure. Harvest in recent years has ranged from 155–553 catches per year, and our results suggest that 108 landed catches per year equates to a 5% risk of decline, the low risk goal for precautionary fisheries management, which aligns with population conservation goals. Our model is a first step in understanding the EHA beluga whale population dynamics using what data are available and suggests that current harvests in some years may result in a population decline and should be monitored.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"88 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22657","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142189417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}