Journal of Wildlife Management最新文献

{"title":"Great Lakes mallard population dynamics","authors":"Benjamin Z. Luukkonen,&nbsp;Scott R. Winterstein,&nbsp;Daniel B. Hayes,&nbsp;Drew N. Fowler,&nbsp;Gregory J. Soulliere,&nbsp;John M. Coluccy,&nbsp;Amy A. Shipley,&nbsp;John Simpson,&nbsp;Brendan Shirkey,&nbsp;Jason M. Winiarski,&nbsp;Benjamin J. O'Neal,&nbsp;Barbara A. Avers,&nbsp;Gerald R. Urquhart,&nbsp;Philip Lavretsky","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22702","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Breeding mallard (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) populations in the Great Lakes region (Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, USA) declined by &gt;40% between 2000–2022 based on abundance data collected during spring aerial surveys. Mallards are an important waterfowl species in this region, where an estimated 60–80% of the mallard harvest is composed of locally banded birds. Extensive population monitoring datasets are available for mallards, presenting an opportunity to address complex questions such as estimating productivity at large spatial and temporal scales, identifying the effects of harvest on mallard demography, quantifying mechanisms for harvest compensation, and integrating multiple datasets to quantify the demographic drivers of population change. Our objective was to simultaneously examine factors affecting demographic parameters and their relative contribution to Great Lakes mallard population dynamics. We used 32 years of banding, band recovery, and aerial survey data collected for mallards from Michigan and Wisconsin to develop an integrated population model (IPM). We used age ratios at banding to estimate productivity, band recoveries from hunter-harvested birds to estimate annual survival and cause-specific mortality (i.e., harvest or non-hunting), and modeled abundance using aerial survey and demographic parameter estimates from 1991–2022. The IPM results indicated the decline in Great Lakes mallard abundance was caused by increased non-hunting mortality and a decline in productivity. Productivity varied spatially but temporally declined with the loss of Conservation Reserve Program area. Moreover, our productivity assessment provided evidence of density dependence in reproduction. Non-hunting mortality was 3.5–6.7 times and 1.3–4.2 times greater than harvest mortality for adult and juvenile female mallards, respectively, indicating environmental factors during spring and summer, not harvest, most greatly influenced annual mortality for female mallards. Our IPM reduced uncertainty in the factors affecting Great Lakes mallard population dynamics and indicated management actions that address non-hunting mortality and productivity would be most effective in increasing Great Lakes mallard abundance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22702","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disease and migratory tactic mediate the nutritional benefits of irrigated agriculture to mule deer","authors":"Brittany L. Wagler,&nbsp;Cheyenne Stewart,&nbsp;Zach Turnbull,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Malmberg,&nbsp;Kevin L. Monteith","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22705","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agriculture can alter the nutritional landscape for herbivores in ways that can augment nutritional condition, reproduction, and survival. Ecological benefits associated with human modified landscapes, however, potentially alter environmental cues in ways that appear beneficial but ultimately have negative effects on fitness or population growth. We tested the hypothesis that the expected nutritional benefit of agriculture would come with a tradeoff associated with increased transmission of chronic wasting disease using a partially migratory population of mule deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus</i>) in northern Wyoming, USA. Agriculture provided a substantial nutritional buffer to resident deer by augmenting nutritional condition in autumn and enhancing recruitment of offspring—a resident that spent 35% of its summer in agriculture had 1.2 percentage points more body fat in December and was 18 percentage points more likely to recruit offspring to December than a resident that spent 15% of its summer in agriculture. During winter, migrants and residents selected for home ranges closer to agriculture, but only residents selected for home ranges overlapping directly with agriculture. Proximity to agriculture in winter, however, decreased adult survival for migrants and residents (29 percentage points decreased probability of survival for every 1-km closer to agriculture) and increased the probability of having CWD at time of death. The nutritional benefits of agriculture likely increase the viability of a resident tactic, but the benefits may be offset if the nutrition gained from using agriculture does not outweigh the risks associated with disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Red fox home ranges, activity patterns, and resource selection on an Atlantic barrier island","authors":"Kathleen M. Black,&nbsp;Sarah M. Karpanty,&nbsp;Shannon J. Ritter,&nbsp;Daniel H. Catlin,&nbsp;James D. Fraser","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22704","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Relatively little is known about red fox (<i>Vulpes vulpes</i>) spatial ecology on barrier islands, where semi-linear habitat distribution and aquatic barriers may affect terrestrial movements. Because red foxes often are a predator of imperiled shorebirds in these ecosystems, and predation is often managed along with other factors such as habitat limitation, this information is needed to inform effective holistic management. The goals of this study were to describe red fox spatial ecology in a barrier island ecosystem and compare these findings to the existing literature on red fox space use in other coastal settings. We used global positioning system (GPS) collar data collected from 2015–2018 from 31 red foxes to estimate sizes of home ranges and core-use areas, describe daily activity patterns, and investigate within-home-range resource selection among red foxes on Fire Island, New York, USA. Twenty-two of 31 red foxes maintained distinct home ranges throughout the monitoring period, while 9 were transient, regularly traveling through the home ranges of other red foxes and among management units across the island. Observed GPS-collared red fox home range sizes (95% time local convex hull [t-LoCoH] isopleths) ranged from 10 ha to 659 ha, averaging 59 ± 7 ha (SE) among resident foxes and 447 ± 46 ha among transient foxes. Core-use areas (50% t-LoCoH isopleths) ranged from &lt;1 ha to 268 ha, averaging 10 ± 1 ha among resident foxes and 67 ± 27 ha among transient foxes. Hourly minimum movement rates varied across the diel cycle and among individuals, averaging 216 m/hour ± 9 m/hour, and were highest 13–22 hours after sunrise. Within-home-range resource selection varied among activity periods. For example, red foxes selected areas closer than expected to vegetation based on availability during the daytime and twilight hours but farther than expected from vegetation at night. We recommend vegetation management in and around shorebird nesting areas to reduce daytime resting sites and hunting cover for red foxes while improving suitability for use by nesting shorebirds. We also suggest coordination of predator management activities across agencies in this situation and in others where predators regularly cross management unit boundaries. Overall, we found that many aspects of red fox space use in the study area, such as smaller average home ranges compared to those in other ecosystems, were similar to that of red foxes in other coastal settings; additional research is needed to determine whether this holds true in other barrier island systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22704","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wolf density and predation patterns in the Canadian High Arctic","authors":"Morgan L. Anderson,&nbsp;H. Dean Cluff,&nbsp;L. David Mech,&nbsp;Daniel R. MacNulty","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22671","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Arctic wolf (<i>Canis lupus arctos</i>) is a predator of muskoxen (<i>Ovibos moschatus</i>), Arctic hares (<i>Lepus arcticus</i>), and endangered Peary caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus pearyi</i>) in the Canadian High Arctic. Although Arctic wolves potentially affect the dynamics of muskoxen and Peary caribou populations, knowledge about their abundance, distribution, and predation patterns is limited. Inuit and Inuvialuit communities value these species for sociocultural and subsistence reasons, and community members are concerned about how interactions among these species and their environment may change in a warming, unpredictable Arctic. We conducted a study from 2014–2018 of wolves in the rolling tundra of central Ellesmere Island (Fosheim Peninsula) and eastern Axel Heiberg Island. This area supported relatively high densities of muskoxen and Arctic hares, and previously supported Peary caribou, although caribou were mostly absent in the area during our study. We deployed global positioning system (GPS) radio-collars on 10 adult wolves in 6 packs on Ellesmere and Axel Heiberg islands to describe wolf density and predation patterns. Wolves were neither nomadic nor migratory; they remained on territories year-round, with summer densities of 2.5–8.0 adult wolves/1,000 km² and 3.7–10.4 wolves/1,000 km² including pups. Based on a ground search of 312 of 868 location clusters over a 340-day period, wolves in a focal study pack killed approximately 0.12 muskoxen/day, equivalent to a predation rate of 5.5–17.0% of the estimated muskox population (older than 10 months old). This predation rate is likely sustainable given that calves and yearlings rather than reproductive adults comprised most documented kills, and that muskox populations can increase at rates up to 20%. The kill rate for this pack also implied a biomass intake deficit of 0.82–1.63 kg/wolf/day that could have been offset by each wolf consuming 115–228 Arctic hares annually. The decline of Peary caribou in the study area precluded any assessment of wolf predation influences on their population, but annual telemetry data confirming the year-round presence of a wolf–ungulate–hare system with relatively high wolf densities suggests that apparent competition could present a challenge to Peary caribou recovery efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the sustainability of Pacific walrus harvest in a changing environment","authors":"Devin L. Johnson,&nbsp;Joseph M. Eisaguirre,&nbsp;Rebecca L. Taylor,&nbsp;Erik M. Andersen,&nbsp;Joel L. Garlich-Miller","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22686","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Harvest sustainability is a primary goal of wildlife management and conservation, and in a changing world, it is increasingly important to consider environmental drivers of population dynamics alongside harvest in cohesive management plans. This is particularly pertinent for harvested species that acutely experience effects of climate change. The Pacific walrus (<i>Odobenus rosmarus divergens</i>), a crucial subsistence resource for Indigenous communities, is simultaneously subject to rapid habitat loss associated with diminishing sea ice and an increasing anthropogenic footprint in the Arctic. We developed a theta-logistic population modeling-management framework to evaluate various harvest scenarios combined with 4 potential climate and disturbance scenarios (ranging from optimistic to pessimistic, based largely on sea ice projections from general circulation models) to simulate Pacific walrus population dynamics to the end of the twenty-first century, focusing on the independent-aged female subset of the population. We considered 2 types of harvest strategies: 1) state-dependent harvest scenarios wherein we calculated harvest as a percentage of the population and updated annual harvests at set intervals as the population was reassessed, and 2) annually consistent harvest scenarios wherein annual harvest levels remain consistent into the future. All climate and disturbance scenarios indicated declines of varying severity in Pacific walrus abundance to the end of the twenty-first century, even in the absence of harvest. However, we found that a state-dependent annual harvest of 1.23% of the independent-aged female subset of the population (e.g., 1,280 independent-aged females harvested in 2020, similar to contemporary harvest levels) met our criterion for sustainability under all climate and disturbance scenarios, considering a medium risk tolerance level of 25%. This indicates that the present rate of Pacific walrus harvest is sustainable and will continue to be—provided the population is assessed at regular intervals and harvest is adapted to match changes in population dynamics. Our simulations indicate that a sustainable annually-consistent harvest is also possible but only at low levels if the population declines as expected. Applying a constant annual harvest of 1,280 independent-aged females failed to meet our criterion for sustainability under 3 of the 4 climate and disturbance scenarios we evaluated and had a higher probability of quasi-extinction than an equivalent state-dependent harvest scenario (1.23%). We highlight the importance of state-dependent management strategies and suggest our modeling framework is useful for managing harvest sustainability in a changing climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22686","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trail cameras can greatly inflate nest predation rates","authors":"John-André Henden,&nbsp;Rolf Anker Ims,&nbsp;Marita Anti Strømeng","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22684","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photographic monitoring currently provides the most accurate means for identifying nest predators and eventually their role in bird population declines worldwide. However, previous studies have found that commercially available trail cameras represent an artificial structure that tend to negatively bias predation rates, likely through predator neophobia. Based on an experiment in Arctic tundra, involving 50 artificial nests and 30 cameras in each of 2 breeding seasons, we demonstrated that trail cameras attracted corvids (in particular ravens [<i>Corvus corax</i>]), which caused an extreme and positively biased predation rate that was consistent over a range of experimental and environmental conditions. We call for new technologies that allow for photographic monitoring of bird nests with minimal visual footprints, in the form of smaller cameras and more efficient internal batteries to minimize novel and conspicuous external features detectable by predators. However, even such improved devices need to be assessed with respect to potential effects on nest predation in each case.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22684","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cause-specific mortality and survival of northern bobwhite chicks","authors":"Bradley W. Kubečka,&nbsp;Theron M. Terhune","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22703","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Survival of northern bobwhite (<i>Colinus virginianus</i>) chicks is an important parameter influencing population dynamics. We determined cause-specific mortality and apparent daily survival of bobwhite chicks (<i>n</i> = 170) during 2018 and 2019 at Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. We assigned cause-specific mortality to 58 chicks and unknown fates to 45 chicks. Of those with assigned fates, avian predation comprised the majority (<i>n</i> = 21, 36%) followed by snakes (<i>n</i> = 17, 29%), mammals (<i>n</i> = 16, 28%), and research-induced mortality (<i>n</i> = 4, 7%). Corn snakes (<i>Pantherophis guttatus</i>) were the primary snake species (13 of 17 snake predations) responsible for predation followed by northern cottonmouths (<i>Agkistrodon piscivorus</i>; <i>n</i> = 3) and 1 eastern diamondback rattlesnake (<i>Crotalus adamanateus</i>). We determined diel timing of mortalities during 2019. All corn snake predations during 2019 (<i>n</i> = 8) occurred during roosting (2100–0700 hrs), whereas the eastern diamondback mortality was a diurnal event; no cottonmouths depredated chicks during 2019. Nine of 11 mammalian events occurred during roosting. Two avian events occurred during 2019, both during daylight hours. Survival was best predicted by the model including the effects of chick age, hatch timing, year, and their interactions. Daily survival of chicks increased with age and reached an asymptote at approximately 70 days; late hatches (after 15 July) survived better than early hatches (β_{LateHatch×ChickAge} = 0.059, 95% CI =−0.003–0.121) and survival for late hatches was marginally lower in 2019 (β_{LateHatch×ChickAge×Year19} = −0.058, 95% CI = −0.137–0.022). Management focused on increasing survival during the first 2 months of life and early nesting season may substantially benefit bobwhite population abundance. Additionally, roosting appeared to be a vulnerable period for bobwhite chicks.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thank you to our Guardians of Science","authors":"Jacqueline L. Frair","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22700","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;This is the first issue of &lt;i&gt;The Journal of Wildlife Management&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;JWM&lt;/i&gt;) for which I served as Editor-in-Chief (EIC). I am deeply grateful for the trust and support of The Wildlife Society (TWS) and honored to follow in the footsteps of the esteemed EICs that have preceded me.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Foremost, I want to acknowledge the indelible legacy of our outgoing EIC, Paul Krausman. His collective time as EIC for JWM spanned 11 years (he served another 5 years as EIC for Wildlife Monographs), which contrasts to an average of ~2.5 years for the 31 other JWM EICs (Krausman &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;). No other EIC for JWM oversaw such a dramatic scope of change in the publishing arena as Paul. To elaborate on that point, consider that Paul's EIC career began in 1988 with a drive to Texas for the transfer of “boxes upon boxes” of printed manuscripts (Krausman &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) and culminated with navigating how to embrace the benefits and guard against the perils of artificial intelligence in scientific publishing (Krausman &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;). Paul deftly guided, protected, and improved our flagship journal through innumerable challenges over his career. I am grateful for his expertise and thoughtful leadership of JWM and his mentorship as he passed the torch to me.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In reviewing Paul's editorials, key aspects of his legacy as EIC became apparent and invariably underscored his goal of publishing “the best science in the field available to advance wildlife management and conservation” (Krausman &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;). Towards that end Paul often offered tips for communicating science effectively (Krausman &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;; Krausman and Cox &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;), providing specific guidance to graduate students and first-time authors (Krausman &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), establishing a WILD program to improve the quality of English writing and by extension the accessibility of JWM to international authors (Krausman &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), emphasizing ethics in science and publishing (Krausman &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), and providing insights into how to get publications noticed (Krausman &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;i&gt;e&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;). As EIC, Paul often sought and was responsive to author concerns (Krausman &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)—summarizing and streamlining author guidelines (Krausman &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;i&gt;e&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), explaining the necessary evils of page charges (Krausman &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;i&gt;f&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) and rejections (Krausman &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), clarifying content differences between JWM and the Wildlife Society Bulletin (Krausman &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), highlighting the benefits of publishing with Wiley (Krausman &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;i&gt;g&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), and b","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22700","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raccoon density estimation from camera traps for raccoon rabies management","authors":"Amy J. Davis,&nbsp;Wesley C. Dixon,&nbsp;Richard B. Chipman,&nbsp;Amy T. Gilbert,&nbsp;Jacob E. Hill,&nbsp;James C. Beasley,&nbsp;Olin E. Rhodes Jr.,&nbsp;Guha Dharmarajan","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22701","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Density estimation for unmarked animals is particularly challenging, yet density estimates are often necessary for effective wildlife management. Raccoons (<i>Procyon lotor</i>) are the primary terrestrial wildlife reservoir for Lyssavirus rabies within the United States. The raccoon rabies variant (RRVV) is actively managed at landscape scales using oral rabies vaccination (ORV) within the eastern United States. To effectively manage RRVV, it is important to know the density of raccoons to appropriately scale the density of ORV baits distributed on the landscape. We compared methods to estimate raccoon densities from camera-trap data versus more intensive capture-mark-recapture (CMR) estimates across 2 land cover types (upland pine and bottomland hardwood) in the southeastern United States during 2019 and 2020. We evaluated the effect of alternative camera configurations and durations of camera trapping on density estimates and used an N-mixture model to estimate raccoon densities, including covariates on abundance and detection. We further compared different methods of scaling camera-based counts, with the maximum number of raccoons seen on any given image within a day best explaining density. Camera-trap density estimates were moderately correlated with CMR estimates (<i>r</i> = 0.56). However, densities from camera-trap data were more reliable when classifying category of density as an index used to inform management (83% correct when compared to CMR estimates), although the densities in our study fell into the 2 lowest density classes only. Using more cameras reduced bias and uncertainty around density estimates; however, if ≤6 camera traps were used at a site, a line transect approach proved less biased than a grid design. Camera trapping should be conducted for at least 3 weeks for more accurate estimates of raccoon population density in our study area (&lt;5% bias). We show that camera-trap data can be used to assign raccoon densities to management-relevant density index bins, but more studies are needed to ensure reliability across a greater range of environmental conditions and raccoon densities.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22701","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional variation in demographics, reproduction, and body mass growth rates of wild pigs: Implications for population control","authors":"Nathan P. Snow,&nbsp;Kelly J. Koriakin,&nbsp;Michael J. Lavelle,&nbsp;Michael P. Glow,&nbsp;Justin W. Fischer,&nbsp;Justin A. Foster,&nbsp;Kim M. Pepin,&nbsp;Kurt C. VerCauteren","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22697","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wild pigs are a destructive invasive species throughout many regions of the world and have proven difficult to control or eliminate. Their success as an invasive species is, in part, from their high reproductive potential, which can vary based on available resources, ancestry, and other factors. We opportunistically collected data on demographics (i.e., age and sex), reproduction, and body mass on 2,762 wild pigs throughout various research and operation control activities in Texas, Alabama, Hawai'i, Guam (USA), and Queensland (Australia) during 2016–2024. We evaluated these data for differences among study sites that might lead to a better understanding of wild pig ecology and more effective control of their populations. We found that the age structures of wild pigs varied greatly among sites, with areas with more intense control having younger populations. The timing and frequency of birth pulses also varied by site. Large disparities among populations demonstrated the elasticities of wild pigs in invaded ranges; for example, the Alabama study site had a mostly young population with fast body mass growth rates and 2 discernable birth pulses per year, whereas the Guam study site had an older population with slow body mass growth rates and an indistinguishable birth pulse. We hypothesized that intense population control may increase reproduction rates in younger females through increased body mass growth rates and subsequent reproductive maturity. We recommend that managers identify the seasonal birth pulses of wild pigs in their region, and then intensively focus on removing wild pigs during the 115 days (i.e., gestation period) prior to those birth pulses. This may be counterintuitive to managers that focus on trapping after observing a birth pulse, but it increases the probability of simultaneously removing pregnant females and any associated offspring from previous litters that remained with the pregnant female. We also recommend evaluating regional-specific intensities of removal that might be required for reducing populations with specific emphasis on whether compensatory reproductive behaviors are generated and how to avoid them.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}