Journal of Wildlife Management最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating occurrence and abundance of displaying male American woodcock (Scolopax minor) north of the current Singing-Ground Survey range","authors":"Kristin Bianchini,&nbsp;Barbara Frei,&nbsp;Amelia R. Cox,&nbsp;Christian Roy","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.70018","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Displaying male American woodcock (<i>Scolopax minor</i>) are monitored by the American Woodcock Singing-Ground Survey (SGS), whose findings guide woodcock research and management decisions. However, the SGS may not cover all available woodcock breeding range, particularly in more northern regions. Though there have been frequent recommendations to expand the SGS farther north, occurrence and abundance of woodcock north of the SGS have never been evaluated. To address this issue, we used SGS data collected in Canada between 2000 and 2019 to 1) identify the spatial scale at which landscape covariates had the strongest effect (i.e., scale of effect) and 2) evaluate the effect size of 16 landscape covariates on male woodcock occurrence and abundance index, and 3) develop a predictive map to identify priority areas for SGS expansion in Canada. We found that landscape covariates had the strongest effect on occurrence and the abundance index at a 310-m radius, suggesting that the most important influence on male woodcock habitat selection and habitat use was the presence of display habitat. Our results also support previous studies showing male woodcock preference for moist areas with young, broadleaf forest intermixed with pasture and grassland clearings for their display. Additionally, we identified sites throughout eastern Canada likely to support relatively high abundances of displaying males during the breeding season. Many of these sites were north and west of the current SGS range, and we identified road-accessible locations for possible SGS expansion in Manitoba, Ontario, Québec, and Newfoundland. Expanding survey route coverage into areas of predicted woodcock occurrence could improve woodcock population monitoring and guide more effective management and conservation decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information - Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22605","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.22605","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22605","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of concurrent plains and wood bison diets at Elk Island National Park","authors":"Lee J. Hecker,&nbsp;Jonathan DeMoor,&nbsp;Rob Found","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.70015","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding ecological niche is critical to the management and conservation of any species or population. For herbivores, dietary niche is critical for understanding habitat suitability, carrying capacity, and population and community viability. In closely related species with similar morphologies, dietary niches can diverge depending on environmental and seasonal factors. Elk Island National Park in Alberta, Canada, contains populations of both American bison (<i>Bison bison</i>) subspecies—plains bison (<i>B. b. bison</i>) and wood bison (<i>B. b. athabascae</i>)—in similar but separate habitats located at the historical confluence of the subspecies' distributions. Using generalized additive models and nutritional geometry, we compared the subspecies' dietary niches in terms of content and quality continuously for one year (Dec 2020 – Nov 2021). Both subspecies consumed primarily graminoids during winter, spring, and fall and incorporated a variety of forbs and woody plants during summer. Plains bison diets contained more upland grasses and digestible organic matter in their diet and less wetland graminoids (e.g., sedges) throughout the year. We also found differing dietary niches between the subspecies during the spring and summer months. Our unique, continuous analysis of annual diet content and quality can deliver insight into the similarities and differences between subspecies' dietary niches that should help improve management decisions, such as better matching between source populations and release areas for future translocations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energetic cost of human disturbance on the southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis)","authors":"Heather E. Barrett,&nbsp;M. Tim Tinker,&nbsp;Gena Bentall,&nbsp;Birgitte I. McDonald","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With increased human populations and tourism in coastal areas, there is greater potential for disturbance of marine wildlife. Because of their high metabolic rates, sea otters (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) are at particular risk of increased energetic costs due to human disturbance. We used scan surveys to monitor southern sea otter (<i>E. l. nereis</i>) activity and potential disturbance stimuli over 5 years (2015–2020) at 3 California, USA, study sites: Monterey, Moss Landing, and Morro Bay. We developed a process-based, hierarchical model of sea otter behavior, which we fit to survey data to examine how activity varies in response to the occurrence of and proximity to disturbance stimuli, while controlling for location, group size, pup-to-adult ratio, and presence-absence of kelp or eelgrass canopy. We combined model results with published estimates of activity-specific metabolic rates, translating estimated activity change into corresponding energetic costs. We found that effects of disturbance stimuli on sea otter behavior were location specific and varied non-linearly with distance from disturbance stimuli. Our model results suggest that, on average, the likelihood of a group of sea otters being disturbed is &lt;10% when stimuli are &gt;29 m away, although this threshold varies by location, group size, and several other covariates. Based on the observed frequency and magnitude of disturbance at Cannery row in Monterey, we estimated that energetic costs were increased by 7.2%, 5.4%, and 5.4% for adult males, females, and females with large pups, respectively. We observed similar cost increases at the wildlife platform in Moss Landing (5.8%, 4.4%, and 4.3%) and T-pier in Morro Bay (5.2%, 4.0%, and 3.9%). Our analyses represent a novel approach for estimating behavioral responses and energetic costs of human disturbance, furthering understanding of how human activities affect sea otters and providing a sound scientific basis for management.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forestry, fire, and fur: factors influencing densities of endangered fishers (Pekania pennanti) in central British Columbia, Canada","authors":"Rory D. Fogarty,&nbsp;Richard D. Weir,&nbsp;Karl W. Larsen","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.70010","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The isolated and endangered Columbian population of fishers (<i>Pekania pennanti</i>) is thought to be declining in central interior British Columbia, Canada, yet little is known about the distribution and abundance of the species in several regions. We conducted DNA-based mark-recapture surveys to estimate the density of fishers in 2 spatially distinct ecosystems where current data were lacking, and evaluated which factors best explained the distribution of fishers in each ecosystem. We found the density of fishers varied substantially between study areas, likely because of the level of trapping mortality during each survey season. The density of fishers in the Chilcotin study area west of Williams Lake was among the highest ever reported for the province (21.3 ± 3.8 [SE] fishers/1,000 km²), whereas density in the Enterprise study area southeast of Williams Lake was among the lowest (8.9 ± 2.7 fishers/1,000 km²). Density estimates for both study areas, however, were orders of magnitude lower than those reported for eastern North America and the western United States and thus are at levels worthy of concern. Forested stands with wet soil moisture regimes composed of older deciduous and spruce trees were most strongly related to higher densities in both study areas; these stands also were known to contain higher densities of the denning and resting structures fishers require to survive and reproduce. This study provided wildlife managers with a snapshot of the density of fishers in 2 areas of central interior British Columbia that will help refine the estimate for the endangered Columbian population. Additionally, this work suggests that reducing trapping mortality within the Columbian population of fishers and increasing the protection of high-value denning and resting habitats may both be necessary to promote the recovery of the species over the longer term.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feral horses at the city gate: ecological insights and rewilding opportunity","authors":"Ilaria Greco,&nbsp;Alberto Masoni,&nbsp;Valeria Avetta,&nbsp;Agnese Santi,&nbsp;Emilio Berti,&nbsp;Giulia Pini,&nbsp;Roberto Bartoli,&nbsp;Gloria Padovan,&nbsp;Giovanni Argenti,&nbsp;Camilla Dibari,&nbsp;Francesco Rovero,&nbsp;Giacomo Santini","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The decline of semi-natural open ecosystems after land abandonment is a conservation issue in many industrialized countries. Large herbivores, such as horses (<i>Equus ferus</i>), are excellent candidates for rewilding activities, as they can contribute to reducing loss of open landscapes. However, their presence could affect the spatio-temporal distribution of sympatric species, especially if the reintroduction is unplanned and uncontrolled. La Calvana, central Italy, is a protected area with a mammalian community that has never been systematically monitored, and its grasslands, which are a high conservation priority, are disappearing. The area hosts a population of feral horses that originated about 40 years ago from a few released domestic individuals, and their unplanned presence could represent a unique rewilding opportunity for the restoration of the abandoned landscape. Yet nothing is known about their distribution or relationships with sympatric mammals. By deploying 40 camera traps in May-July 2022, we systematically monitored the area to investigate spatio-temporal patterns of feral horses and their relationships with environmental, biotic, and anthropogenic factors. We detected 12 wild mammal species and estimated that horses were present in 40% of the study area. None of the environmental variables tested affected the occupancy of horses, although modeling of site-use intensity revealed that this species used upper-ridge grasslands more frequently. This suggests the area is suitable to support the population and that their presence at higher elevations can be an asset to preserving grasslands by limiting forest and shrub encroachment. Horses occupancy was not related to the relative abundance of wild ungulates, suggesting minimal competition for resources at present. However, the lower temporal overlap at sites with greater vegetation cover during the hottest hours indicated dominance of horses. Feral horses seem unaffected by human proximity, although they are occasionally subject to poaching. Lastly, the 7-year-long population census revealed a 12% annual growth rate that may lead to exceeding the carrying capacity of the ecosystem in the future. We recommend continued monitoring of this population and implementation of conservation and management programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal resource selection and migration of mule deer in an agricultural landscape","authors":"Rebekah A. Hellesto,&nbsp;Lisa A. Shipley,&nbsp;Ryan A. Long","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extensive agricultural development in the United States over the last century and subsequent restoration efforts through the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) have led to many wildlife species occupying landscapes comprising a mix of natural and developed cover types. Understanding how species like mule deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus</i>) move through and select resources in those landscapes is important for effectively managing populations and habitat. We examined seasonal resource selection, migration, and survival of female mule deer in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion of southeastern Washington, USA, which is dominated by row-crop agriculture. We acquired global positioning system locations at 4-hour intervals from 57 adult females during 2018-2022. We used Migration Mapper 3.0 to detect migration, resource selection functions to evaluate resource selection, and Cox proportional hazards to quantify survival. Thirty percent of deer migrated for an average distance of 30 km each year. Residents and migrants had the same annual survival of 0.86 (SE = 0.03), similar to survival of adult female mule deer across their range. When selecting home ranges within the study area in summer and winter, CRP and grassland were the highest-ranked cover types, and selection for cereal agriculture and fallow fields was low to moderate. Within their home ranges, deer selected shrublands (including CRP) followed by tree-covered areas in summer. Cereal agriculture and fallow fields ranked lowest in summer, whereas grasslands and agriculture ranked highest in winter. Survival rates of residents and migrants were not related to their use of CRP or agriculture cover types. Mule deer used different components of the landscape mosaic seasonally, selecting vertical cover during summer fawn rearing and areas with young wheat and broad-leaved forbs during winter. Regardless of season and scale, intact (grassland and shrubland) or restored (CRP) cover types were most selected, demonstrating the importance of increasing both CRP and native cover for deer in agricultural landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How sampling design of GPS collar deployment influences consistency of mapped migration corridors over time","authors":"Emily R. Gelzer,&nbsp;Justine A. Becker,&nbsp;Samantha P. H. Dwinnell,&nbsp;Gary L. Fralick,&nbsp;L. Embere Hall,&nbsp;Rusty C. Kaiser,&nbsp;Matthew J. Kauffman,&nbsp;Tayler N. LaSharr,&nbsp;Kevin L. Monteith,&nbsp;Anna C. Ortega,&nbsp;Jill E. Randall,&nbsp;Hall Sawyer,&nbsp;Mark A. Thonhoff,&nbsp;Jerod A. Merkle","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.70009","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Federal and state agencies within the United States have recently issued directives prioritizing the conservation of ungulate migration corridors and winter ranges. The ability to identify and delineate the spatial distribution of seasonal ranges underpins these policies. While such delineations are often derived from global positioning system (GPS) collar data collected for a few years on a focal population, they are being used in long-term conservation planning. Our objectives were to quantify consistency in migration corridors from year to year and cumulatively across multiple years and identify which aspects of the sampling design of GPS collar deployment will delineate a consistent and relatively complete migration corridor. We used data from 6 sub-herds of mule deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus</i>), a species known to have high migratory fidelity, located in Wyoming and northern New Mexico, USA, monitored for 5–7 years (510 unique individuals). We calculated 2 types of migration corridors over time: cumulative corridors where each new year of data was added to all previous years and yearly corridors where each year was based only on data collected in that year. We then calculated the year-to-year consistency in the 2 types of migration corridors by calculating the percent overlap between corridors calculated in sequential years. We found that collaring a higher proportion of a sub-herd increased the consistency in migration corridors, whereas collaring new individuals via redeployments in a subsequent year of monitoring caused corridors to shift. To obtain a corridor with ≥90% consistency (i.e., approaching the complete area used by a population in our data), our results suggest that biologists should strive to collar ≥6% of a sub-herd for a minimum of 2 years. However, if ≥6% of a sub-herd cannot be collared, monitoring for longer (3–4 years) will provide roughly 90% consistency in a migration corridor estimate for mule deer. Furthermore, adding 16–25% new individuals each year will help capture variation among individuals while maintaining corridor consistency of ≥90%, leading to a more accurate delineation of the corridor. Our results provide managers with a logistical framework for collaring projects aimed at delineating migration corridors that are durable into the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring phenology and behavior of polar bears at den emergence using cameras and satellite telemetry","authors":"Louise C. Archer,&nbsp;BJ Kirschhoffer,&nbsp;Jon Aars,&nbsp;Danielle K. James,&nbsp;Katharina M. Miller,&nbsp;Nicholas W. Pilfold,&nbsp;Joanna Sulich,&nbsp;Megan A. Owen","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22725","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.22725","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Maternal denning plays a vital role in the development and survival of highly altricial polar bear cubs by providing protection from external conditions. The denning period remains challenging to study and monitor because polar bear dens are often remote and difficult to access. Denning is typically inferred from satellite telemetry data, yet the accuracy of these measures in capturing important denning behaviors that are relevant to management and monitoring is unclear. We installed cameras at 13 den sites in Svalbard, Norway, over a 6-year period, 9 of which yielded observations of behavior and phenology of polar bears at den emergence, and we compared these observations with denning behavior inferred from telemetry data (location, temperature, and activity levels) from satellite collars worn by denning bears. We next developed Bayesian generalized linear models to accurately predict denning behaviors (i.e., observations from cameras) from collar sensor data. From the camera data, mean date of observed den breakout was 9 March (SD = ±6.5 days, <i>n</i> = 7) and departure from the den site occurred 12.1 days later (±10.1 days, <i>n</i> = 7). Estimates of den breakout date based on joint analysis of collar temperature and activity data indicated breakout occurred on average 0.7 days later (±11.4 days, <i>n</i> = 7) and estimates based on collar temperature thresholds alone indicated breakout occurred 4.0 days later (±6.6 days, <i>n</i> = 7) compared to the camera data. Location data from collars suggested departure occurred on average 3.2 days later (±7.0 days, <i>n</i> = 7) than camera observations. We found that the probability a bear had broken out of the den could be accurately predicted from changes in collar temperature, activity, and ordinal date (e.g., a 1 SD decrease in collar temperature increased the probability of breakout by 18.5 percentage points). Post-den emergence behavior was influenced by external environmental temperature, time of day, and the amount of time since den breakout; bears were more likely to emerge and stay outside longer given warmer temperatures and increasing time since den breakout. Our study highlights the importance of the post-emergence period for cub acclimatization and development and provides new monitoring tools to study polar bear denning behavior, which is increasingly vulnerable to disruption in a rapidly changing Arctic.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22725","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining camera trap and fitness app data to assess mammal response to hiking and mountain biking trail use","authors":"Erin R. Lacour,&nbsp;Lynne A. Trulio,&nbsp;Rachel O'Malley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Managing lands for both wildlife conservation and accessible recreational opportunities can be a delicate balance. General trail use can disturb a range of species in a variety of well-described ways, but the specific effects of mountain biking on wildlife – an important management question – remains controversial in the literature. In the past, collecting data on recreational uses was time-consuming and expensive. Today, on-line recreation apps automatically collect these data. This study used data from a social fitness app, Strava Metro, to assess the differential effects of hiking and mountain biking on wildlife in parks in Marin County, California, USA. Combining user data with mammal frequency data from a community science camera trap project, we compared generalized linear mixed models to assess how mammals spatially and temporally responded to distance from trails and to levels of hiking and mountain biking activity. Of the 5 primarily non-nocturnal mammals in our study area, 4 were either spatially or temporally less frequent near trails: western gray squirrels (<i>Sciurus griseus</i>), brush rabbits (<i>Sylvilagus bachmani</i>), coyotes (<i>Canis latrans</i>), and mule deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus</i>). Mule deer were also moderately sensitive to sites with high levels of mountain bike use. When accounting for both hiking and biking use, both mule deer and brush rabbits were less frequent at high-use mountain bike sites. Strava Metro provided useful data for these analyses, showing potential as a resource for managing mountain biking effects on public lands as mountain and e-bike prevalence increases.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}