Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research最新文献

{"title":"Association of smokeless tobacco with periodontal health of patients seeking treatment at a Dental Hospital setting in Sri Lanka","authors":"Chamilka Asanthi Bandaranayake , Aruni Pradeepika Liyana Arachchige , Aruni Tilakaratne , Ruwan Duminda Jayasinghe","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Betel chewing has indeed been an integral part of many cultures in South Asia and beyond for centuries. The practice involves the combination of various ingredients, including areca nut (also known as betel nut), slaked lime, and often tobacco, all wrapped in a betel leaf. This mixture is chewed for its stimulating and psychoactive effects. In addition to its widespread cultural significance, betel chewing has been linked to social rituals, celebrations, and even medical practices in some regions. Despite its cultural importance, it's important to note the health concerns associated with betel chewing. The use of areca nut has been linked to an increased risk of oral cancers, gum disease, and other health issues. Some studies also indicate that the combination of areca nut and tobacco significantly raises the risk of developing these conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Main objective</h3><div>To assess any association of smokeless tobacco (SLT) with periodontal health of patients seeking dental treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Specific objectives</h3><div>To assess the association of periodontal status with oral hygiene habits of patients seeking dental treatment.</div><div>To assess the association between smokeless tobacco use with plaque score, bleeding score, BPE (Basic Periodontal Examination) scores and pocket depth measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and method</h3><div>This was a cross sectional descriptive study, conducted among adult patients above the age of 18 years, randomly selected from the daily diagnostic clinic of the Dental (Teaching) Hospital, Peradeniya (DTHP), Sri Lanka. The sample size was calculated by using Lawanga and Lamshow sample size calculation method (Lwanga & Lemeshow, 1991) ensuring a 95 % confidence level and 80 % power and a systematic sampling technique. The study instrument was a check-list to obtain socio demographic information and periodontal health status.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 355 adult patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 38 (SD ± 15.2 years) and the age range between 18 and75 years. Out of the total study sample, 120 (34 %) were male and 235 (66 %) were female.</div><div>It was identified that age is significantly associated with severe periodontal disease (p < 0.001, OR = 1.043 per year increase) and Plaque score percentile is a strong predictor (p < 0.001, OR = 1.87), indicating a higher plaque score is linked to severe periodontal destruction.</div><div>The inferential statistics revealed that there was a statistically significant increase in the plaque scores (P = 0.007), bleeding scores (P = 0.007) and BPE scores (P = 0.003) in smokeless tobacco users when compared with those who do not use smokeless tobacco. Moreover, the periodontal pocket depths (PPD) of smokeless tobacco (SLT) users were significantly greater (P = 0.023) than those of tobacco nonusers (NSLT). Among the SLT users, and those who had good oral","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 570-575"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embryonic toxicology evaluation of novel Cissus quadrangularis, bioceramics and tendon extracellular matrix incorporated scaffolds for periodontal bone regeneration using zebrafish model","authors":"S. Balaji Ganesh ,&nbsp;Manoj Aravindan ,&nbsp;Gurumoorthy Kaarthikeyan ,&nbsp;Taniya Mary Martin ,&nbsp;Meenakshi Sundaram Kishore Kumar ,&nbsp;S. Chitra","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The development of novel scaffold incorporating <em>Cissus quadrangularis</em> extract, bioceramics and tendon extracellular matrix (ECM) for periodontal bone regeneration necessitates a thorough assessment of their embryotoxicity to ensure biocompatibility and safety. This study evaluates the embryonic toxicology of these innovative scaffold using the zebrafish model, which provides a rapid transparent and highly sensitive system for assessing development toxicity.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Zebrafish embryos were exposed to scaffold containing <em>Cissus quadrangularis</em> extract (80 % ethanol), bioceramics, and tendon extracellular. Briefly, the scaffold immerged in the E3 medium for 48h and the extract (10, 50 and 100μl/ml) was evaluated against developing embryos for different developmental anomalies such as survival, malformation, heartbeat and the expression of RunX2 and Bmp2 genes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that the SEM analysis revealed that the membrane was rough in nature. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxylate groups, collagen and hydroxyapatite in the synthesized membrane. Meanwhile, the scaffold did not show any of the developmental defects such as hatchability inhibition and neural toxicity. The mortality was comparable to negative control. Further, the study revealed that the scaffold induced the osteogenic potential by elevating the RunX2 and Bmp2 expression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlighted the inclusion of C. <em>quadrangularis</em> extract could be a beneficial for enhancing periodontal bone regeneration. Further, this also revealed that the extract did not impede the normal tissue development or regeneration using zebrafish embryo as a model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 563-569"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alginate-hydroxyapatite scaffolds: A comprehensive characterization study","authors":"Saanvi Gupta ,&nbsp;Suganya Panneer Selvam ,&nbsp;Ramya Ramadoss ,&nbsp;Sandhya Sundar","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Alginate has garnered significant attention in regenerative dentistry for its biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and controlled biodegradability. The incorporation of hydroxyapatite enhances its ability to mimic the dentin extracellular matrix, promoting cellular adhesion, proliferation, and mineralization. This study aims to comprehensively assess the structural, chemical, and biological properties of Alg-HA scaffolds to evaluate their potential for dentin regeneration.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Alginate-hydroxyapatite (Alg-HA) scaffolds were synthesized by dissolving sodium alginate (2 % w/v) in distilled water, followed by the incorporation of hydroxyapatite (HA) synthesized via chemical precipitation using calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and ammonium phosphate. The composite solution was homogenized through stirring and ultrasonication before being freeze-dried to fabricate porous scaffolds. Characterization was performed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to confirm crystallinity, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to verify functional group interactions, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) to analyze morphology and elemental composition. In vitro degradation studies were conducted in simulated body fluid (SBF) to assess scaffold stability by measuring mass loss over time, with additional pH monitoring and SEM analysis for morphological changes. Hemocompatibility was evaluated through hemolysis assays, comparing scaffold-incubated blood samples to positive and negative controls.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;XRD analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of HA within the alginate matrix, highlighting characteristic HA peaks and alginate's amorphous nature. FTIR analysis validated the composite formation through phosphate-carboxylate interactions. SEM imaging revealed a porous, interconnected structure with embedded HA particles, facilitating cell attachment and proliferation. EDAX confirmed the presence of calcium, phosphorus, and oxygen as primary constituents. In vitro degradation studies showed controlled degradation, with 80 % mass loss by day 3, indicating the composite's suitability for gradual tissue replacement. Hemocompatibility tests revealed minimal hemolysis (&lt;2 %), confirming the composite's excellent blood compatibility.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The findings emphasize the potential of Alg-HA scaffolds for dentin regeneration. Their porous architecture, combined with embedded HA, enhances mechanical stability while providing essential biochemical cues for cell proliferation and mineralization. The demonstrated hemocompatibility ensures safe application in direct blood contact, reducing immune responses and promoting tissue integration. Compared to previous studies, this research offers a more in-depth understanding of the relationship between porosity, mineralization, and cellular behavior. Alginate-hyd","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 555-562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective treatment of oral microbial infections and biofilm using flavonoid rutin - An in vitro study","authors":"K.P. Sowmya ,&nbsp;M. Surenthar ,&nbsp;V. Lekha Sree","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Oral microbial infections and biofilm-associated conditions, such as dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis, remain major challenges in oral healthcare. Biofilms provide resistance to conventional antimicrobial treatments, necessitating innovative solutions. This study investigates rutin, a flavonoid glycoside, for its antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties against key oral pathogens.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of rutin against oral pathogens, including <em>Streptococcus mutans</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, and <em>Candida albicans</em>, and assess its hemocompatibility as a safe therapeutic agent.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Oral pathogens were isolated from clinical samples and identified using the VITEK®2 Compact System. Antimicrobial activity of five flavonoids was screened using the well diffusion method, with rutin demonstrating the highest efficacy. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and antibiofilm activity were assessed using broth microdilution and crystal violet staining, respectively. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy analyzed live/dead cells in treated biofilms. Hemocompatibility was evaluated via a hemolysis assay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Rutin exhibited significant antimicrobial activity with zone of inhibition as 19 mm (<em>C. albicans</em>), 17 mm (<em>P. aeruginosa</em>), and 17 mm (<em>S. mutans</em>). MIC against mixed biofilms was 10 mM, while treatment at 2 × MIC reduced biofilm biomass by 92 %. Live/dead analysis confirmed extensive microbial cell death in biofilms. Hemolysis rates below 5 % established rutin's biocompatibility.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Rutin demonstrates potent antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy with excellent safety, suggesting its potential as an alternative therapy for biofilm-associated oral infections. Further in vivo studies are warranted to validate these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 541-547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives of laypeople towards the morphological characteristics of a youthful smile on frontal view: A computerized simulated photographic evaluation","authors":"Marzieh Mazhari ,&nbsp;Sanaz Zemanatkheiri ,&nbsp;Mehrnaz Moradinejad","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The desire for a youthful smile is not limited by age, as individuals seek it throughout their lifetime. Aging affects the components of a smile; accordingly, this study assessed the perspectives of laypeople towards the morphological traits of a youthful smile on the frontal view. In this psychometric study<strong>,</strong> a 26-year-old female with a normal face, normal occlusion, teeth alignment, and no previous cosmetic surgery was employed as the photo model; sixteen smile images were obtained via Adobe Photoshop by varying incisal display, vertical step between maxillary central and lateral incisor, smile arch form, and buccal corridor size. The prepared photos were given to the layperson participants using an online questionnaire for age estimation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 195 laypersons participated in the study. The results revealed that a 2 mm reduction, 4 mm increase, and 4 mm reduction in incisor display would increase the age estimation (P-Value&lt;0.001). Futher, 1 mm reduction, a 0.5 mm reduction, and 0.5 mm increase in vertical step would contribute to overestimation of the age (P-Value&lt;0.001). Additionally, the smile arc's reversed, straight, and moderate convexity increased the age estimation (P-Value&lt;0.001). Regarding buccal corridor size, 1- and 2-mm reduction plus 2-mm increase resulted in age estimates significantly older than the original image (P-Value&lt;0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Perceptions of youthfulness are influenced by morphological traits such as incisor display, vertical step between central and lateral, smile arch form, and buccal corridor size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 548-554"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital occlusal analysis of the impact of natural dentition and different types of rehabilitation on the occlusal force variations: systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Ponsekar Abraham Anandapandian ,&nbsp;Fathima Banu Raza ,&nbsp;AR Pradeep Kumar ,&nbsp;Sridevi Krishnamoorthy ,&nbsp;Ashok V. ,&nbsp;Anand kumar V. ,&nbsp;Vijayalakshmi P","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Statement of problem</h3><div>Dental restorations reduce occlusal force through a compensatory feedback mechanism. Thus, the type of restoration used during rehabilitation plays a vital role in altering occlusal force and contact area. The effects of factors such as the remaining dentition, occlusal contact area, and different types of rehabilitation on occlusal force need further exploration.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Evaluate the evidence of occlusal contact areas and various rehabilitation methods on influencing the occlusal force assessed using digital occlusal analyzers.</div><div>Materials &amp; Method: The protocol followed the Cochrane standards for systematic reviews and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024623551). The literature search used the Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcome, Study Design (PECOS) strategy. Database for searched until December 2024. Randomized controlled trial, observational studies including cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies that investigated the relationship of occlusal force with occlusal contact area, masticatory force, occlusal time, and number of remaining natural dentition using Dental Prescale or T scan.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>545 articles were retrieved, and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria 13 observation studies were systematically filtered, 3 studies were included in the meta-analysis and all 13 studies were taken for qualitative data synthesis. Cochrane ROBINS 1 tool revealed a moderate risk of bias for the included studies. The fixed effect model showed moderate heterogeneity(I² = 46 %) in the quantitatively assessed studies. The mean difference of occlusal force with rehabilitation was −10.02[95 % C.I(13.03, −7.03)] depicting prosthesis improved the occlusal force. However, qualitative analysis revealed that the occlusal force with prosthesis was lesser than the natural dentition quadrant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Occlusal force was increased with rehabilitation compared to the edentulous site, however, the amount of force established in a complete set of natural dentitions was more than the rehabilitated site. The location of teeth in the arch, and the number of remaining dentitions played a role in occlusal force.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 534-540"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E-Cadherin is a diagnostic biomarker in the progression of oral epithelial dysplasia to squamous cell carcinoma","authors":"Dhanusree Kani ,&nbsp;Vindhya Savithri ,&nbsp;Rakesh Suresh ,&nbsp;Ramanarayanan Venkitachalam ,&nbsp;Mahija Janardhanan ,&nbsp;Thara Aravind","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.02.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.02.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a common cancer of head and neck region with poor prognosis and may sometimes show a premalignant stage. Cell-cell adhesion molecules play an important role in the process of malignant transformation. E-cadherin, a cell-to-cell adhesion molecule, plays a crucial role in maintaining cell polarity and adhesion of epithelial cells.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To assess the expression of E-cadherin in various grades of oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cells carcinoma and compare it to unremarkable oral mucosa.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The study comprised a total sample size of 80 with 10 cases of unremarkable oral mucosa which is the control group, 40 cases of oral epithelial dysplasia and 30 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. One section was stained with haematoxylin and eosin to confirm the histopathological diagnosis and other section was stained immunohistochemically with E-cadherin.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found that E-cadherin expression was strongly positive in unremarkable mucosal epithelium, reduced in oral epithelial dysplasia, and gradually decreased as it progressed to oral squamous cell carcinoma. These findings were found to be statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study found a correlation between E-cadherin expression loss and oral squamous cell carcinoma progression, suggesting that E-cadherin can serve as a diagnostic biomarker for malignant transformation of oral epithelial dysplasia and predict disease prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 508-514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indocyanine green mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: A non-invasive treatment approach for chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled clinical trial","authors":"Priyanka Agarwal,&nbsp;Pratibha Shashikumar,&nbsp;Rakshitha S","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Periodontitis is a destructive chronic inflammatory disorder of the periodontium and is a major cause of loss of teeth. Uncontrolled diabetes affects periodontal status and chronic periodontitis affects the glycemic status. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy is often not sufficient in completely eliminating the pathogens. Hence antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), is being used in medically compromised patients as it does not cause adverse effects that are seen with other adjunctive treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using Indocyanine green as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontitis in controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients with chronic generalized periodontitis. The objective to see improvements in clinical parameters and microbiological parameters along with its effect on glycemic levels.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>In this randomized controlled clinical trial a total of 40 chronic periodontitis patients with Type 2 DM were randomly assigned into test and control groups of 18 participants each. The test group received.</div><div>Scaling and root planing (SRP) + aPDT) while the control group received only SRP. In SRP + aPDT group, pockets were irradiated with a diode laser after irrigation with Indocyanine green. Assessment of clinical parameters like plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth, (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), as well as microbiological analysis for <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg)</em> and <em>Aggregatibacter actinomycetem comitans (Aa)</em> was done at baseline &amp; 3 months post-therapy and data were statistically analysed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>aPDT as an adjunct to SRP improved clinical and microbiological parameters. A statistically significant difference (p &lt; 0.001) was noted on intergroup comparison with respect to PD, CAL, and colony forming units (CFU/ml) of Pg and Aa. There was an improvement in HbA1c levels from baseline to 3 months in both the groups however, there was no significant difference between the groups at 3 months.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The use of Indocyanine green mediated aPDT as adjuvant therapy in treatment of chronic periodontitis in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients resulted in significant reduction in microbial counts as well as rendered additional clinical benefits.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical significance</h3><div>aPDT as adjunctive therapy to SRP can be a non-invasive treatment of choice for chronic periodontitis in medically compromised patients like Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 525-533"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal physical therapy approach for the management of patients with temporomandibular disorder: Randomized control trial","authors":"Ramesh Chandra Patra ,&nbsp;Biswajit Kanungo ,&nbsp;A. Yashudas ,&nbsp;Patitapaban Mohanty ,&nbsp;Gurleen Kaur","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are musculoskeletal disorders frequently seen in physiotherapy and dental practices, affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and central nervous system. A multimodal treatment could be more beneficial with limitations of traditional treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The purpose of this research was to compare the outcomes of cranio-mandibular stabilisation exercises and a structured manual therapy protocol on pain reduction in TMD patients. A secondary purpose was to quantify improvements in mechanical tenderness and active mouth function.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This single-blind, randomized trial recruited 146 participants (95 women, 51 men) aged 18–50 years with TMD. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups to maintain allocation concealment. The intervention was standardized, administered by skilled physical therapists. Validated instruments measured outcomes, namely pain intensity, mechanical tenderness and active mouth function tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants receiving cranio-mandibular stabilisation and manual therapy had significantly greater improvements in pain (P = 0.001, 95 %), mechanical tenderness (P = 0.001, 95 %) and active mouth function (P = 0.001, 95 %) compared to controls.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings suggest that a multimodal treatment of cranio-mandibular stabilisation and structured manual therapy significantly decreases pain and improves mechanical tenderness and active mouth function in TMD patients. Future research should include long-term follow-up to assess effect sustainability and optimize treatment protocols for maximum benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 515-524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the biological, physical, mechanical and chemical properties of orthodontic primer modified by nano-chitosan loaded with bioactive materials","authors":"Lara Riyadh Al-Banaa ,&nbsp;Ali R. Al-Khatib ,&nbsp;Fawzi Habeeb Jabrail","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The primary objective was to evaluate the antibacterial and remineralizing effects of modified orthodontic primer containing nano-chitosan loaded with bioactive materials (gallic acid and calcium phosphate). The secondary objectives were to assess the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of the adhesive primer.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The chitosan loaded with gallic acid and calcium phosphate was prepared and characterized by FESEM-EDX. Then it was mixed with Transbond XT primer at two different concentrations to prepare 3 groups: Control, 5 % and 10 % Nano-Chitosan/Gallic acid + Calcium Phosphate Primer (NC/GACP). The primer groups were evaluated based on their Shear Bond Strength (SBS), Adhesive Remanent Index (ARI), Wettability, Degree of Conversion (DC), Antibacterial and Remineralization properties. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test, all significant differences were set at P &lt; 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The modified primer groups containing 5 % and 10 % NC/GACP showed a significant increase (P &lt; 0.05) in SBS and DC compared to the control group, with no significant differences observed in wettability. The ARI scores were mainly 3 meaning all the adhesive remained on the enamel after debonding. Additionally, both modified primer groups exhibited significant antibacterial activity (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the 5 % NC/GACP primer group showed the highest calcium and phosphate weight percentages and Ca/P ratio compared to the other groups (P &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The orthodontic primer modified by nano-chitosan/gallic acid + calcium phosphate can be considered a novel antimicrobial and remineralizing adhesive that enhances the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the adhesive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 500-507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}