Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research最新文献

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of remineralizing potential of galla chinensis with nanohydroxyapatite, chicken egg shell and fish scale derived nanohydroxyapatite on early enamel caries- A single-blinded In vitro study","authors":"Bazila Malik ,&nbsp;Sonali Taneja ,&nbsp;Ramesh Bharti ,&nbsp;Abhik Mukherjee","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.101417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.101417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective(s)</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate and compare the remineralization potential of plant-based Galla chinensis extract (GCE) with nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp), chicken eggshell-derived nHAp (CES nHAp), and fish scale-derived nHAp (FS nHAp), against casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF), on early artificial enamel lesions in human premolars.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A total of 148 human premolar specimens were prepared and demineralized to simulate early enamel caries, with five intact samples serving as baseline controls. Among these, 48 samples underwent surface microhardness testing using the Vickers hardness test, 60 were analyzed for lesion depth using Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM), 30 for elemental composition using Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and 10 for surface morphology using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The specimens were randomly assigned into five groups: demineralized control, CPP-ACPF, GCE with nHAp, CES nHAp, and FS nHAp. A seven-day pH cycling regimen simulated the oral environment. Microhardness values before demineralization (SMH1), after demineralization (SMH2), and after remineralization (SMH3) were recorded to calculate percentage surface microhardness recovery (%SMHR).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The GCE nHAp group exhibited the highest %SMHR and the shallowest lesion depth, with EDX confirming a significantly higher calcium-to-phosphorus ratio. SEM images revealed smoother, more uniform surfaces in this group. CES nHAp and CPP-ACPF demonstrated moderate remineralizing effects, while FS nHAp showed the least efficacy, with no significant difference from CPP-ACPF.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion(s)</h3><div>GCE combined with nHAp was the most effective remineralizing agent, followed by CES nHAp and CPP-ACPF. These findings suggest that natural plant- and animal-derived biomaterials offer promising, biocompatible alternatives for non-invasive enamel caries management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 101417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147276106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OSFCOS: A core outcome set for clinical trials on oral submucous fibrosis management","authors":"Shailesh M. Gondivkar ,&nbsp;Amol R. Gadbail ,&nbsp;Monal Yuwanati ,&nbsp;Vidya Lohe ,&nbsp;Sachin Sarode","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.101421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.101421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF) significantly impacts oral function, quality of life and poses challenges for effective treatment evaluation due to heterogeneity in outcome reporting across clinical trials. To date, no core outcome set (COS) exists for OSF trials, leading to significant heterogeneity in outcome reporting and difficulty in comparing interventions. This study aimed to develop a COS for OSF (OSFCOS) to standardize outcome reporting in clinical trials evaluating OSF management.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study followed COMET and COS-STAD guidelines and involved four stages: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials to identify reported outcomes; qualitative research using interviews and focus groups with OSF patients to capture patient-prioritized outcomes; a two-round Delphi survey with key stakeholders (patients, clinicians, researchers); and a consensus meeting to finalize core outcomes. Outcomes were rated using a 9-point GRADE scale, and consensus was predefined using standard thresholds.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 20 outcomes were identified from systematic review and 31 from qualitative analysis. After triangulation &amp; refinement, 16 unique outcomes were prioritized in Delphi Round 1 (n = 45). Delphi Round 2 (n = 25) rated 23 outcomes; 10 reached “consensus in.” A consensus meeting with 17 stakeholders reviewed 13 outcomes and finalized 7 core outcomes for OSFCOS.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is the first COS developed specifically for OSF that offers a robust, stakeholder-driven framework for standardized outcome reporting, comparability and enhancing data synthesis in OSF trials for better evidence generation and patient care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 101421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147276407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan–gelatin scaffold reinforced with carbonate hydroxyapatite enhances bone healing in rat extraction sockets: An immunohistochemical study","authors":"Devi Rianti ,&nbsp;Bunga Fauzia ,&nbsp;Taufan Bramantoro ,&nbsp;Rini Devijanti Ridwan ,&nbsp;Asti Meizarini ,&nbsp;Sisca Meida Wati ,&nbsp;Wibi Riawan ,&nbsp;Ardiyansyah Syahrom ,&nbsp;Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.101416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.101416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tooth extraction commonly leads to alveolar bone loss, which can compromise future prosthetic rehabilitation. Biomaterial-based socket preservation aims to support hard-tissue healing and stabilize the extraction site.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the effect of a chitosan–gelatin scaffold reinforced with carbonate hydroxyapatite (CG-CHA) on bone healing in Wistar rats extraction sockets by evaluating immunohistochemical expression of Bone morpogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and Receptor activator of nuclear κB (RANK).</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A true-experimental randomized post-test only control group design was used with 24 male Wistar rats. Following maxillary molar extraction, rats were assigned to either a control group (extraction only) or a CG-CHA scaffold group (n = 12 each). Mandibles were collected on days 7, 14, and 21 (n = 4 per time point per group). Immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the expression of BMP-2, RUNX2, and RANK. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests with significance at p &lt; 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The CG-CHA group showed greater bone formation and significantly higher BMP-2, RUNX2, and RANK expression at days 7, 14, and 21 compared to controls (p &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Placement of a CG-CHA scaffold in extraction sockets improved bone healing and increased osteogenic marker expression in rats. These findings indicate that CG-CHA supports favorable socket healing and may be useful for alveolar bone preservation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 101416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147276120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical management of contracted eye socket","authors":"Eman Mohammed Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Ahmed Ali Taha ,&nbsp;Essam A. Eltoukhy ,&nbsp;Ashraf Elsebaei Mohammed ,&nbsp;Ahmed F. Aborady","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.101429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.101429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Anophthalmia—the absence of an eye—can significantly impact patients’ psychological well-being, affecting self-confidence, body image, social interactions, and contributing to anxiety and depression. Contracted socket, characterized by reduced orbital volume and forniceal depth, poses a major challenge to fitting an ocular prosthesis. This study evaluates the effectiveness of skin grafts and mucous membrane grafts in forniceal reconstruction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective case series included 25 patients with varying degrees of contracted sockets treated between October 2020 and December 2023. Etiologies included congenital anophthalmia, chemical burns, radiotherapy, infection, and trauma. Reconstruction was performed using mucous membrane grafts (MMG) or full-thickness skin grafts (FTSG), according to the severity of socket contraction. Outcomes were evaluated based on the ability to retain a prosthesis and patient satisfaction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-four of the 25 patients achieved successful prosthesis retention. Complications were minimal and appropriately managed. Serial dilatation was particularly important in preventing re-contracture, especially in Grade 4 sockets.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Simple reconstructive techniques using MMG and FTSG can restore forniceal depth effectively, achieving favorable cosmetic and functional outcomes while minimizing the need for complex procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 101429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147377792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tooth loss among adults with and without presence of systemic diseases – Age and Gender matched case control study","authors":"Deshpande Vijaya Lakshmi,&nbsp;S. Jagadeeswara Rao,&nbsp;Dolar Doshi,&nbsp;Twinkle Tiwari,&nbsp;Lunavath Preethi","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Systemic diseases contribute to tooth loss by affecting immunity, circulation, and bone health. While most studies focus on elderly, this study assesses tooth loss among adults with and without systemic diseases to support early care.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To assess tooth loss among adults with and without systemic diseases in age- and gender-matched cases and controls.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A case-control study was conducted among 280 adults (140 cases and 140 controls). Data on demographics, lifestyle factors (alcohol, smoking, oral hygiene), and systemic diseases were collected. Tooth loss was assessed using Tooth Loss Index. Statistical analysis included Chi-square, Mann-Whitney <em>U</em> test, logistic regression, and correlation analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cases had higher rates of alcohol use, smoking, and poor oral hygiene (p &lt; 0.05). Tooth loss was significantly higher among cases (87.1 %) than controls (50 %), with greater mean missing teeth and higher Tooth Loss Index scores. Low education, alcohol, and smoking were significantly associated with increased tooth loss. Cases had nearly four times higher odds of significant tooth loss (OR = 3.82, p = 0.0001), with a strong positive correlation. (r = 0.82, p = 0.0001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Systemic diseases are strongly associated with increased tooth loss in adults, highlighting need for early oral health interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 101403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-vitro mechanical performance of three CAD-CAM bar designs for implant-supported metal–resin hybrid prostheses: a preliminary pilot study","authors":"Arteaga-Losada Lorena ,&nbsp;Laura-Fernadez Héctor ,&nbsp;Puerta-Dominguez María Alejandra ,&nbsp;Ascaso-Terren Carlos ,&nbsp;Vives Eduard ,&nbsp;Escuin-Henar Tomás ,&nbsp;Torné-Durán Sergi","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.101407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.101407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Implant-supported hybrid metal–resin prostheses are widely used to rehabilitate edentulous patients. However, fractures of the veneering resin and screw complications remain common mechanical failures. Advances in CAD-CAM design and laser sintering technology may improve the structural integrity of these restorations.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To conduct a preliminary in-vitro evaluation of the fracture resistance of veneering resin in three CAD-CAM–designed bar configurations fabricated by laser sintering, describing their mechanical behavior and failure patterns under compressive stress.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three bar designs (inverted T, L-shaped, and Ackerman circular) were digitally created and manufactured in cobalt–chromium using laser sintering. Each bar was veneered with autopolymerizing acrylic resin and subjected to compressive loading up to 1000 N at a 30° angle, in accordance with ISO 14801. Simultaneously, acoustic emission analysis was performed to detect microcracks and structural failures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No fractures of the veneering resin were observed. Mechanical failures occurred as deformation or fracture of prosthetic screws, beginning at 600 N. Acoustic emission detected early microcracks between 160 N and 400 N, and main fracture peaks between 627 N and 871 N. Among the three samples, the inverted T-shaped bar sustained the highest load before failure in this pilot test.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this pilot in-vitro study, the veneering resin showed high resistance under simulated masticatory loading. The combination of CAD-CAM design, laser-sintered fabrication, and retentive elements may enhance mechanical performance. Further studies with larger sample sizes and cyclic loading are warranted to validate these preliminary findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 101407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of colorimetry as a diagnostic tool for early detection of peri-implant diseases","authors":"Sergi Torné-Durán","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.101406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.101406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The increasing aesthetic demand in dentistry and the limitations of visual colour assessment have encouraged the development of objective methods for evaluating dental and peri-implant tissues. Although colourimeters were originally designed for tooth shade matching, their application has recently expanded to peri-implant soft-tissue analysis, providing quantitative and reproducible measurements capable of detecting early inflammatory changes.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to determine whether colour analysis using a colourimeter is a valid diagnostic tool for the preliminary detection of peri-implant diseases by comparing colourimetric data with conventional clinical findings.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional, descriptive, and experimental study was conducted on 63 dental implants. Peri-implant soft-tissue colour was recorded using a colourimeter based on CIELab parameters (L∗, a∗, b∗). Each implant also underwent clinical evaluation including visual inspection, periodontal probing, and periapical radiography. Two measurement points were analysed: Point A, located 2 mm apical to the gingival margin, and Point B, positioned beyond the probing depth for each implant. Colourimetric values from both points were compared with the clinical diagnosis obtained for every implant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At Point B, peri-implant tissues showed lower luminosity (L∗), higher redness (a∗), and reduced b∗ values compared with Point A. Clinically, 48 implants presented peri-implantitis, 9 mucositis, and 6 were considered healthy. Diseased implants demonstrated darker and more reddish peri-implant tissues, revealing a clear correlation between colour alterations and inflammatory status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 101406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid MMBERT framework for classifying periodontal bone loss: Integrating visual and textual information","authors":"Jennifer Jeyaruby,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar Yadalam","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.12.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.12.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease, causes bone loss and tooth instability. Early diagnosis, aided by clinical and radiographic assessments, is crucial. mmBERT, a multimodal deep learning approach, integrates image and text data to enhance bone loss prediction but faces challenges such as image variability and limited datasets. This study proposes a Hybrid mmBERT Framework to improve diagnostic accuracy in intraoral periapical (IOPA) radiographs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A dataset of 150 IOPA images from Saveetha Dias includes expert-annotated interpretations of periodontal bone loss. Images are split into training and test sets. Clinical notes are preprocessed, normalized, and feature-extracted using ClinicalBERT. The mmBERT model fuses image and text embeddings into a 1024-dimensional space with a 0.3 dropout rate. Its architecture integrates a vision encoder (ResNet50), text encoder (ClinicalBERT), and a cross-modal transformer with 16 attention heads.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study shows strong overlap between predicted and ground-truth masks, good intersection-over-union performance, and acceptable boundary accuracy. The MMBERT model achieved final training and test accuracies of 99.11 % and 100 %, respectively, demonstrating its robustness and reliability in clinical applications.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study presents a classification method for periodontal bone loss based on MMBERT architecture. It demonstrates promising radiographic interpretation performance while necessitating further clinical application research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 101395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145982075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compressive and flexural strength of provisional crown materials fabricated by conventional and 3D printing techniques: An in vitro study","authors":"Nandini R.D.,&nbsp;Nirupama R,&nbsp;Chetan Hegde","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.101405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.101405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To compare the mechanical properties of the new 3D Accuprint C&amp;B resin against both conventional and other 3D-printed resins to determine its viability for provisional crown fabrication.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Three materials were selected for comparison: GC Tempron (conventional), 3D Accuprint C&amp;B, and Freeprint Temp (3D-printed resins). Fifteen cylindrical specimens (6 mm × 4 mm) were prepared from each material for compressive strength testing, and fifteen rectangular specimens (25 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm) were fabricated for flexural strength testing as per the manufacturer's instructions. Testing was performed using a universal testing machine. The recorded compressive and flexural strength values were statistically analyzed after confirming normality (Shapiro–Wilk test) and homogeneity (Levene's test). All statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 25), with the level of significance set at p &lt; 0.05. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's HSD test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant intergroup differences were found for both compressive and flexural strength (p &lt; 0.001). GC Tempron showed significantly lower values compared with both 3D printed materials (p &lt; 0.001). Freeprint Temp and 3D Accuprint did not differ significantly (compressive strength, p = 0.84; flexural strength, p = 0.15).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>3D Accuprint C&amp;B demonstrated superior mechanical strength compared to GC Tempron and comparable properties to Freeprint Temp. These findings confirm its mechanical viability as a high-performance alternative, making it better suited for durable provisional restorations, particularly in cases involving high resistance to stress, parafunctional habits, or implant-supported prostheses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 101405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High UBE2D1 expression is associated with poor prognosis and immunotherapy resistance in head and neck cancer","authors":"Prathibha Prasad ,&nbsp;Paramasivam Arumugam","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.101423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2026.101423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor clinical outcomes. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 D1 (UBE2D1), a key component of the ubiquitination machinery, has been implicated in tumor progression in several cancers; however, its relevance in HNSCC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate UBE2D1 expression in HNSCC, evaluate its prognostic significance while acknowledging disease heterogeneity, including HPV and TP53 status, and explore its potential association with response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>UBE2D1 mRNA and protein expression were analyzed using the Cancer Genome Atlas Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (TCGA-HNSCC) dataset via the UALCAN platform. Transcript-level expression was validated by quantitative real-time PCR in paired HNSCC and adjacent normal tissues. Protein–protein interaction and functional enrichment analyses were performed to examine UBE2D1-associated molecular networks. Prognostic relevance was assessed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>UBE2D1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly elevated in HNSCC compared with normal tissues (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Higher UBE2D1 expression was associated with poorer overall and relapse-free survival. Exploratory analyses suggested a weak association between elevated UBE2D1 expression and response patterns to anti-PD-1 therapy. Functional analyses identified associations with oncogenic pathways, with UBE2D1 expression positively correlated with MMP2 and negatively correlated with SMAD4, indicating a potential role in tumor progression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>UBE2D1 is frequently overexpressed in HNSCC and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Although its association with immunotherapy response requires further validation, UBE2D1 may be a prognostic biomarker in HNSCC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 101423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147276224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}