Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research最新文献

{"title":"Geographic distribution of affordable dental care services through educational institutes in India: A national level GIS-based mapping study","authors":"Varkey Nadakkavukaran Santhosh ,&nbsp;Arshad Ahmed ,&nbsp;Rhea Vas ,&nbsp;S.R. Apoorva ,&nbsp;U. Venkatesh ,&nbsp;Vaibhav Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Access to affordable dental care remains a significant challenge in India, particularly for populations in rural and underserved regions. Dental colleges, through their teaching hospitals, serve as one of the key providers of low-cost dental healthcare. This study aimed to evaluate geographic disparities in the distribution of dental colleges and their postgraduate specializations across India using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), with implications for equitable healthcare planning<strong>.</strong></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional descriptive analysis was conducted from January to April 2025. Data on all recognized dental colleges and their postgraduate offerings in nine dental specialties were obtained from the Dental Council of India. Geocoding was carried out using verified official addresses. Spatial analysis was performed using ArcGIS software. Additional demographic and administrative data were sourced from the Census of India and government records. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used to analyze differences across zones and ownership types.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 329 dental colleges were mapped, with significant disparities observed across states and zones. Densely populated states like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar showed a low presence of government institutions, indicating reliance on private colleges. South zone, particularly state of Karnataka, exhibited a higher concentration of institutions, largely private. Postgraduate specializations were also unevenly distributed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This national GIS-based mapping reveals critical geographic inequities in access to affordable dental care through educational institutions. Findings highlight the need for strategic policy interventions to enhance public sector presence in underserved areas and ensure equitable oral healthcare access across India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 1141-1148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of efficacy and accuracy of tooth movements in optimized and conventional attachments of clear aligners - A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Srirengalakshmi Muthuswamy Pandian,&nbsp;Aravind Kumar Subramanian,&nbsp;Nikhillesh Vaiid","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and accuracy of optimized versus conventional attachments in clear aligner treatment using Invisalign.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Adhering to the ‘Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis’ (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines¹², the review obtained 6 retrospective cohort studies and one randomized controlled trial, sourced from databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and clinical trial registries. Four studies were included for meta-analysis. Data was pooled for mean percentage accuracy of various tooth movements and corresponding Forest plots were generated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most of the studies included showed a good methodological quality with a low risk of bias. No significant differences in the accuracy of tooth movement between conventional attachments and optimized attachments were noted for canine derotation, anterior extrusion, and root angulation changes in canine, premolar, and molar (p &gt; 0.05). The studies however exhibited high heterogeneity (I² = 75 %). The pooled accuracy for canine derotation was 61.2 % and 71.5 % for conventional and optimized rotations respectively. Similarly, 57.5 % and 62.4 % were the pooled accuracy for conventional and optimized attachments in anterior extrusion. None of the attachments produced the expected tooth movement as predicted by the ClinCheck program.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There was a non-significant difference in accuracy between optimized and conventional attachments for most orthodontic movements. While optimized attachments may offer improved control for specific movements like upper lateral incisor rotation, and conventional attachments potentially enhance anterior extrusion, their overall superiority remains inconclusive. Further high-quality research is needed to validate the hypothesized biomechanical advantages of optimized attachments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 1123-1133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-driven approaches in the management of early childhood caries: A path toward global oral health","authors":"Prajna P. Nayak,&nbsp;Vabitha Shetty,&nbsp;Shreya S,&nbsp;Liza Zacharias,&nbsp;Isha Gore","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with paediatric dentistry has unveiled transformative possibilities, particularly in mitigating the global burden of a prevalent yet preventable oral health issue, namely early childhood caries (ECC). ECC affects millions of children worldwide, leading to significant health, developmental, and economic challenges. This paper explores the application of AI-driven technologies, including machine learning and deep learning, in the detection, diagnosis, risk assessment, and management of ECC.</div></div><div><h3>Brief summary</h3><div>AI models leveraging dental radiographs and intraoral photographs have demonstrated high accuracy in caries detection, while predictive algorithms facilitate the identification of high-risk groups using patient demographics, behavioural data, and even genetic markers. Smartphone applications equipped with AI capabilities, such as AICaries, empower caregivers with tools for at-home caries screening, enhancing accessibility and fostering preventive care.</div><div>Today, AI's role extends to optimizing healthcare utilization patterns and advancing personalized treatment strategies, particularly in underserved regions where traditional resources are scarce. Efforts to develop diverse training datasets have not eliminated biases leading to concerns about fairness, discrimination and privacy. Further, unregulated AI applications may worsen rather than reduce health disparities.</div></div><div><h3>Implications for future research</h3><div>This review underscores the potential of AI to revolutionize ECC prevention and management, paving the way for equitable oral healthcare globally. It advocates for further interdisciplinary research to refine AI tools, address practical challenges, and support the development of evidence-based policies for widespread implementation. Ultimately, AI emerges as a pivotal advancement in transitioning from disease management to proactive oral health care strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 1134-1140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kidney toxicity of fluorides-A biochemical evaluation of renal function markers in adults residing in fluoride endemic areas of YSR Kadapa district","authors":"Sirigala Lavanya ,&nbsp;Prathiba Ramani ,&nbsp;M. Sureswar Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>A cross-sectional study assessed the relationship between fluoride exposure and renal function in adults residing in endemic fluoride villages of the YSR Kadapa district.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and method</h3><div>320 subjects were randomly selected from the willing participants of 659 adults based on selection criteria. The study subjects were grouped based on age into Group A (Adults aged between 21 and 40years) and Group B (Adults aged between 41 and 60years). Fluoride levels in consumable water samples and urine samples were measured using a fluoride ion meter. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were analyzed as markers of renal function in blood samples collected from willing participants.Pearson's correlation coefficient,Chi-square test of independence, and Student's t-test were employed for statistical analyses to determine significance level at a p-value &lt;0.05. Results-The mean fluoride levels in water samples were 1.5 mg/l to 4.1 mg/l, with a prevalence of fluorosis of 60.6 % among the study subjects. A strong positive correlation was found between renal function markers with water fluoride consumption (p = 0.0019 for creatinine; p = 0.0416 for urea nitrogen) and urinary fluoride excretion (p = 0.005). No statistically difference was observed in renal function markers between subjects with fluorosis and those without fluorosis in two different age groups (p = 0.7258,p = 0.4505) and (p = 0.759,p = 0.0868). However, there was a statistically significant difference in renal function markers between two age groups ie., 21–40years and 41–60years (p &lt; 0.0001) irrespective of fluorosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings concluded that increased fluoride consumption may be nephrotoxic, with the degree of individual damage related to the quantity and duration of fluoride exposure, but not necessarily to the presence or absence of fluorosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 1091-1096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development, psychometric testing and cross-cultural adaptation of a new tool to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice of caregivers on oral healthcare of older people among Hindi speaking North Indian population","authors":"Diptajit Das ,&nbsp;Arpit Gupta,&nbsp;Nishant Mehta,&nbsp;Richa Shrivastava,&nbsp;Ashima Goyal","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Poor oral health among institutionalized older adults is associated with inadequate Knowledge and practice among caregivers, existing assessment tools lack validity, reliability, theoretical grounding, and cultural adaptation.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to develop and validate comprehensive tool to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of caregivers regarding oral health care for Hindi-speaking elderly in North India.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>This study aimed to develop and validate a comprehensive tool to assess the KAP of caregivers regarding oral health care for Hindi-speaking elderly in North India. A psychometric and cross-cultural adaptation study was conducted involving subject experts and caregivers from senior citizen facilities in Chandigarh and parts of Haryana. The tool development included literature review, expert consultations, and content validation using Content Validity Ratio and Content Validity Index. A preliminary pilot test was conducted with random sample of ten caregivers to assess applicability, viability and usability of the questionnaire. Their feedback informed refinements to improve face validity. The tool was translated and adapted into Hindi, followed by data collection through interviews during home visits.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 29 initial items across three domains, 11 were deleted after two rounds of expert review, and two were removed during the validation phase. The final version comprised 16 items, achieving an excellent Scale-CVI/Ave score of 0.94. The tool demonstrated good internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The Hindi version of the newly developed tool had excellent content validity and good reliability to measure KAP of caregivers for oral healthcare of older people.</div></div><div><h3>Patient or public contribution</h3><div>Caregivers participated in the pilot testing of the questionnaire to assess the clarity, comprehension, and cultural appropriateness. Their feedback was instrumental in refining the language and structure of the questions, thereby enhancing the face validity of the instrument before its final administration in the main study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 1108-1114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tooth enamel as a forensic clock: A histological study evaluating enamel structures for forensic age assessment using predictive modeling","authors":"Divya Shetty ,&nbsp;Shanvi Kumari ,&nbsp;Nikita Gulati ,&nbsp;Devi Charan Shetty","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Forensic odontology has gained prominence due to the reliability of dental evidence in investigations. Tooth enamel, a highly mineralized and durable tissue, resists postmortem degradation. If its histological features can accurately indicate age, species, or gender, it could serve as a valuable forensic tool. This study aimed to evaluate enamel structures histologically for age assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Material and method</h3><div>A total of 120 premolar samples (ages 12–55) from the first quadrant were analysed. Linear enamel hypoplasia was examined using a stereomicroscope, followed by ground sections to count lamellae. Hypo-mineralization zones were assessed under a polarizing microscope using Magnus Pro morphometric software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The best variable for determining age was found by examining three distinct predictive accuracy models; the C5.0 model had the highest accuracy (85.30 %), followed by the CRT model (60.80 %) and the CHAID model (58.30 %). The lamellae number was the most significant predictor of age, with age group 2 (0.853) followed by group 1 (0.790) and group 3 (0.659).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Each individual has a unique enamel profile, which can aid in identifying victims of mass disasters or severely damaged remains. Dentists are encouraged to routinely document enamel defects to support future forensic comparisons with dental records.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 1115-1122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of gingival displacement and clinical efficacy using polyvinyl siloxane foam and retraction cord systems: A randomized controlled in vivo study","authors":"Aditya Acharya ,&nbsp;Lekha K.P. ,&nbsp;Raisa Chodankar ,&nbsp;Yash Alpesh Zawar ,&nbsp;Konark Patil ,&nbsp;Adithi Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Every tooth in the arch and the soft tissues around the prepared tooth need to be replicated in the impression. To prevent tearing during impression removal, it is essential to ensure sufficient sulcus width. To date, mechanical, chemico-mechanical, electrosurgical, surgical, and laser methods have been used to accomplish gingival retraction. The purpose of both clinical and laboratory analysis of the efficacies of chemically impregnated retraction cord and polyvinyl siloxane foam retraction systems is based on the relative amount of vertical and horizontal gingival displacement, time of placement, and the presence or absence of bleeding.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and materials</h3><div>A total of 30 participants aged 20–40 years were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial and quality assessment was conducted according to the CONSORT checklist (CTRI/2022/10/046181). In a split-mouth design, retraction was done using 25 % aluminium sulfate-impregnated retraction cords and Magic FoamCord (MFC). The Mann-Whitney and T-tests were used for data analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Mann-Whitney Test concluded that for vertical gingival retraction cord and Magic foam at 2nd M are statistically insignificant in all three sites (p &gt; 0.05). The mean horizontal displacement achieved at the second molar and second premolar for retraction cord was 0.36 ± 0.07 mm, which was greater than MFC, 0.24 ± 0.06 mm (p = 0.001; 95 % CI). The T-test used for the time of placement between retraction cord and magic foam cord was significant (p &lt; 0.001). The gingiva was observed for presence or absence of bleeding soon after retrieval of the retraction cord and the MFC.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Retraction cords provide greater horizontal displacement but are more time-consuming and traumatic compared to MFC, which is more time-efficient and less invasive. This highlights the need to balance efficacy and efficiency in clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 1103-1107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced surface properties and wettability of zirconia-hydroxyapatite-poly(acrylic acid) nanocomposites for dental applications","authors":"Gupta M. Daivik,&nbsp;Radha Gosala,&nbsp;Ramya Ramadoss","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Dentine demineralization is a key factor in dental caries and structural deterioration, necessitating the development of effective restorative approaches. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and zirconia (Zr) are widely used in dentistry due to their biocompatibility and mechanical strength; however, their individual remineralization potential is limited by poor surface characteristics. Polyacrylic acid (PAA), a biocompatible polymer, can be incorporated as a surface modifier to enhance the remineralization ability and interfacial properties of HA-Zr based restorative materials.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>In this study, PAA modified hydroxyapatite-zirconia (HA-Zr) nanocomposite (HA-Zr-PAA) was synthesized and characterized. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to confirm phase purity and crystallite size. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used for functional group analysis. Vickers microhardness testing evaluated mechanical properties, while surface roughness and wettability studies assessed the surface characteristics relevant to remineralization.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>XRD confirmed phase pure HA with an average crystallite size of 34.11 nm and the presence of ZrO₂ peaks, indicating successful zirconia incorporation without secondary phases. FTIR analysis revealed the integration of HA, Zr, and PAA functional groups. Vickers microhardness improved from 224.45 MPa for HA to 285.67 MPa for HA-Zr-PAA, indicating enhanced mechanical strength. Surface roughness and wettability studies demonstrated increased surface roughness and hydrophilicity, promoting bioactive ion remineralization on dentine surfaces.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These integrated structural, mechanical, and surface modifications demonstrate that HA-Zr-PAA is a promising candidate for dentine remineralization and durable restorative dental applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 1097-1102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemicals profile, cellular viabillity and platelet activity of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. leaf extract: An in vitro and ex vivo study","authors":"Liska Barus ,&nbsp;Coen Pramono Danudiningrat ,&nbsp;Andra Rizqiawan ,&nbsp;R. Aries Muharram ,&nbsp;I Gusti Putra Swabuana Purwoyudho ,&nbsp;Dewa Gede Raka Satria Wibawa ,&nbsp;Annisa Tri Maharani ,&nbsp;Namira Rizqi Hayyinah ,&nbsp;Alexander Patera Nugraha ,&nbsp;Ahmad K.M. Humidat ,&nbsp;Ni Putu Mira Sumarta","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>to investigates the phytochemical content of <em>Hibiscus rosa-sinensis</em> Linn leaf extract (HrsL), its toxicity through effects on cell viability, and its impact on platelet activity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The cytotoxicity of the leaf extract was evaluated using fibroblast cells, with various concentrations of the extract. The platelet activity of the HrsL, was assessed by treating blood and analysing the concentration of P-selectin and platelet aggregation with the agonists epinephrine, ADP, and collagen, compared to blood without extract treatment as a control.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The <em>H. rosa-sinensis</em> leaf extract contains tannins, polyphenols, alkaloids, and saponins. HrsL was non-toxic at concentrations of 7.8 mg/mL, 15.6 mg/mL, 31.2 mg/mL, 62.5 mg/mL, 125 mg/mL, and 250 mg/mL after 24-h exposure, 7.8 mg/mL, 15.6 mg/mL, 31.2 mg/mL, 62.5 mg/mL, 125 mg/mL, and 250 mg/mL after 48-h exposure, and 15.6 mg/mL and 62.5 mg/mL after 72-h exposure. The effect on platelet activity at 250 mg/mL and 125 mg/mL concentrations of the extract showed a significant increase in P-selectin concentration. Platelet aggregation with the epinephrine agonist did not show significant differences at 7.8 mg/mL, while higher concentrations showed significantly lower aggregation. With the ADP and collagen agonists, no significant differences were observed at concentrations of 7.8 mg/mL, 15.6 mg/mL, 31.2 mg/mL, and 62 mg/mL, whereas concentrations above 62.5 mg/mL showed significantly lower platelet aggregation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>HrsL non-toxic at low concentrations and increases platelet P-selectin, It does not decrease platelet aggregation with the epinephrine agonist at 7.8 mg/mL, but it reduces aggregation at concentrations above 7.8 mg/mL. It does not decrease platelet aggregation with the ADP and collagen agonists at concentrations less than or equal to 62.5 mg/mL, but reduces aggregation at concentrations above 62.5 mg/mL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 1083-1090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transverse maxillary dimensions and upper airway morphology in mouth- and nasal-breathing children aged 10–12 years: A CBCT-based study","authors":"Rani Satiti ,&nbsp;Hendri Susanto ,&nbsp;Anrizandy Narwidina","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Mouth breathing (MB) is a dysfunctional respiratory pattern that may affect craniofacial development by altering maxillary arch width and upper pharyngeal airway morphology. Early identification is critical to prevent long-term dentofacial and airway complications. This study aimed to compare maxillary arch width and upper airway morphology between mouth- and nasal-breathing children aged 10–12 years using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional study, 30 children (15 mouth breathers and 15 nasal breathers) underwent CBCT imaging. Transverse maxillary arch dimensions were measured at four points: maxillary width at molars (MWM), intermolar width (IMW), maxillary width at canines (MWC), and intercanine width (ICW). Upper airway morphology was assessed using volumetric (nasopharyngeal volume [NPV], oropharyngeal volume [OPV]) and cross-sectional area (nasopharyngeal area [NPA], oropharyngeal area [OPA]) measurements. Independent <em>t</em>-tests were used to compare group differences with 95 % confidence level.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The MB group showed significantly reduced maxillary arch widths (MWM, IMW, MWC, ICW) and diminished upper airway volume and area (NPV, OPV, NPA, OPA) compared to nasal breathers (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001 for all parameters).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Mouth breathing in school-aged children is associated with measurable reductions in maxillary arch width and upper pharyngeal airway dimensions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 1064-1070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}