Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research最新文献

{"title":"Quantum graph embedding of transcription factor–gene networks reveals key modules in periodontal bone inflammation: Comparative analysis of GAE and GAN","authors":"Pradeep Kumar Yadalam","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.09.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.09.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Complex regulatory networks controlled by transcription factor (TF)–gene interactions are involved in inflammatory bone diseases, such as periodontitis. Understanding these networks is crucial for identifying master regulators and potential treatment targets. Current models frequently use correlation-based or black-box machine learning techniques, which are not structurally accurate or biologically interpretable. Moreover, most frameworks do not utilize the representational power of quantum-derived data features. This study overcomes these constraints by combining quantum-enhanced graph neural networks to decode TF-gene regulatory networks implicated in periodontal bone inflammation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We constructed a directed transcription factor (TF)- gene regulatory network using 1207 carefully selected interactions from the TRRUST v2 human database, which encompassed 231 transcription factors and 536 target genes. One-hot encoded node features were used to train the Graph Autoencoder (GAE) and Graph Generative Adversarial Network (Graph GAN) architectures. We applied quantum data feature extraction to enhance node representation using variational quantum circuits constructed in PennyLane, where classical embeddings were encoded into qubit rotations and entangled states. New quantum features were created by measuring the expectation values of Pauli-Z operators. Distribution divergence measures (KL, JS, Wasserstein, MMD), embedding quality metrics (silhouette score, centrality correlation), and link prediction metrics (AUC, Average Precision) were used to assess performance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>On every metric, GAE performed noticeably better than Graph GAN. It performed better in clustering (silhouette score = 0.272 vs. 0.107 for GAN) and link prediction accuracy (AUC = 0.997, AP = 0.994). While GAN embeddings displayed little structural alignment, GAE-generated embeddings strongly correlated with network centrality measures, emphasizing biological interpretability. Quantum-enhanced features revealed distinct regulatory modules associated with inflammation and bone resorption pathways, and they maintained the network topology more effectively. We found central regulators with high embedding scores, including NF-κB and STAT3. Distributional analyses validated the fundamental differences between GAE and GAN embeddings with a symmetric KL divergence of 6.76 and a Jensen-Shannon distance of 0.47.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results demonstrate that Graph Autoencoders provide a reliable and comprehensible framework for simulating TF-gene regulatory networks, particularly when combined with quantum-derived feature extraction. The GAE is ideally suited to elucidating the molecular underpinnings of periodontal bone inflammation due to its ability to maintain biological structure, pinpoint important regulatory hubs, and enhance downstream analyses, such as clustering. Th","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 6","pages":"Pages 1563-1572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in dental age estimation- applications, technological advances and legal aspects: A narrative review","authors":"Abhinav Chopra ,&nbsp;Anand Gupta ,&nbsp;Naveen Aggarwal","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dental age estimation constitutes a cornerstone in forensic odontology, pediatric dentistry, and medico-legal investigations. Traditional radiographic methods such as those by Demirjian, Willems, and Cameriere, though widely validated, are limited by examiner subjectivity, population-specific calibration, and low scalability. This narrative review examines the current landscape of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven dental age estimation, with a focus on deep learning technologies, comparative advantages over conventional methodologies, and applicability across clinical, forensic, and legal domains.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A literature search was conducted to identify original studies and systematic reviews that employed machine learning (ML) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for dental age estimation using panoramic radiographs or cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Emphasis was placed on studies reporting model architecture, mean absolute error (MAE), classification accuracy, and external validation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>AI-based models, particularly CNNs, demonstrated superior diagnostic performance with MAEs ranging from 0.03 to 0.7 years and classification accuracies exceeding 90 % at critical legal thresholds. These systems provide automated tooth detection, segmentation, and staging, with outputs that are rapid, objective, and reproducible. Nonetheless, critical limitations persist, including algorithmic opacity, demographic bias due to non-representative training datasets, and absence of international validation standards.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>AI technologies represent a paradigm shift in dental age estimation, offering enhanced precision and operational efficiency. To facilitate clinical translation and forensic admissibility, future efforts must prioritize population-diverse training datasets, transparent algorithmic design, and consensus-driven regulatory frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 6","pages":"Pages 1534-1538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Oral Deleterious Habits among children: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Geetha Gireesh Gyra,&nbsp;Vijay S. Kumar,&nbsp;Chandrashekar Janakiram","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to estimate the prevalence of oral deleterious habits in children, providing essential evidence for targeted prevention and intervention strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Oral habits such as thumb-sucking, lip biting, nail-biting, bruxism, mouth breathing, and tongue thrusting significantly contribute to dentofacial anomalies, which can potentially result in malocclusions. Understanding their prevalence is crucial for developing early intervention protocols to mitigate long-term oral health complications.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024511134) and adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and APA PsycINFO. Grey literature was identified through ProQuest, Google Scholar, and the Shodhganga database. Eligible studies were subjected to meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 1211 identified records, 54 studies encompassing a total of 53,119 children aged 3–18 years were included. The pooled prevalence of oral deleterious habits was 28.9 %, with mouth breathing (21.1 %) and bruxism (19.0 %) being the most commonly reported habits. The habits were slightly more prevalent among males (29.4 %) than among females (26.9 %). In males, bruxism was the most frequent habit (19.9 %), whereas lip biting was the least common (6.1 %). Among females, bruxism was also most prevalent (17.6 %), with lip biting being the least reported (5.9 %). The prevalence was highest in children aged 6–12 years (32.1 %), followed by those aged 3–6 years (25.2 %), and lowest among adolescents (17.1 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Oral deleterious habits are prevalent among children and can have adverse effects on dental and maxillofacial development. Early identification and timely intervention are critical to preventing malocclusions and reducing the burden of long-term orthodontic treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 6","pages":"Pages 1539-1562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and antimicrobial activity of a probiotic mouth freshener with phycoerythrin, Artemisia aucheri and encapsulated Lactobacillus bifidus targeting Streptococcus mutans","authors":"Dorsa Salimi Manjili ,&nbsp;Bahareh Nowruzi ,&nbsp;Maryam Ghane","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>Streptococcus mutans</em> is a natural flora bacterium found in the human oral cavity, responsible for tooth decay and bad breath. The rising financial costs of oral healthcare in most low- and middle-income countries have led to an increased focus on preventive measures against tooth decay using natural compounds.</div></div><div><h3>Material and method</h3><div>The mouth freshener tablets were formulated in four treatments (T1: Tablet containing PE; T2: Tablet containing microencapsulated <em>L. bifidus;</em> T3: Tablet containing <em>A. aucheri</em> essential oil; T4: Tablet containing PE + microencapsulated <em>L. bifidus</em> + <em>A. aucheri</em> essential oil).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Statistical analysis of antibacterial activity showed that <em>S. mutans</em> exhibited the highest sensitivity to formulations containing + PE + <em>L. bifidus</em> + <em>A. aucheri.</em> Additionally, simulated gastrointestinal conditions over 120 min indicated the lowest and highest probiotic bacterial viability in formulations containing + PE + <em>L. bifidus</em> and +PE + <em>L. bifidus</em> + <em>A. aucheri</em>, respectively (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Histological analysis of the prepared tablets demonstrated that the addition of microencapsulated bacteria and <em>A</em>. <em>aucheri</em> essential oil significantly reduced tablet hardness, cohesion, and textural integrity (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), though it did not significantly affect elasticity. Furthermore, antioxidant activity tests revealed an increase in antioxidant capacity in chewable tablets containing PE and <em>A</em>. <em>aucheri</em> essential oil. Despite the reduced sensory evaluation scores for taste and odor in PE-containing tablets, <em>A</em>. <em>aucheri</em> essential oil improved taste and odor, mitigating PE's undesirable effects. In contrast, PE significantly enhanced color and texture sensory evaluations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>It can be concluded that chewable tablets based on PE and <em>A</em>. <em>aucheri</em> essential oil demonstrated potential to prevent tooth decay and, due to their antioxidant properties, may also have a role in managing factors related to oral ulcers. However, these findings are based on in vitro studies, and further clinical research is needed to confirm their safety in oral healthcare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 6","pages":"Pages 1508-1513"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometric morphometric analysis of mandibular morphology for age classification in Indonesian adolescents and adults","authors":"Lusia Dinda Puspa Larasati ,&nbsp;Arofi Kurniawan ,&nbsp;An'nisaa Chusida ,&nbsp;Beta Novia Rizky ,&nbsp;Maria Istiqomah Marini ,&nbsp;Queen Oceannia Arisa Putri ,&nbsp;Aspalilah Alias ,&nbsp;Rabiah Al-Adawiyah Rahmat ,&nbsp;Anand Marya","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Accurate age estimation plays a crucial role in medicolegal investigations, particularly in determining whether an individual has reached the age of majority for criminal responsibility, which is legally defined as 18 years in Indonesia. Geometric morphometric (GM) analysis of the mandible enables the evaluation of shape variability in two-dimensional (2D) data with potential applications in categorizing individual ages. <em>Purpose</em>: This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of geometric morphometric (GM) analysis of mandibular morphology on panoramic radiographs for classifying individuals as adolescents or adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>300 digital panoramic radiographs were obtained from Airlangga University Dental Hospital in Surabaya and divided into adolescent (15.0–17.9 years) and adult (18.0–21.0 years) age groups. Each sample was assigned 27 anatomical landmarks and analyzed using MorphoJ software with generalized Procrustes analysis (GPA) and principal component analysis (PCA), while statistical evaluation included Procrustes analysis of variance (ANOVA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>GM analysis revealed statistically significant differences in mandibular morphology between adolescents and adults. However, Procrustes ANOVA did not show significant differences in mandibular size between the age groups. Variable mandibular morphology patterns were identified at the incisor point, mental foramen, gonion, and mandibular notch. The geometric morphometric method successfully identified the mandibular morphologies specific to each group, achieving 67 % and 65 % accuracy for the adult and adolescent groups, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings underscore the potential of GM analysis of mandibular morphology for classifying individuals as adolescents or adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 6","pages":"Pages 1518-1525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical analysis of mandibular cartilage defect regeneration after implantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and a platelet rich fibrin scaffold: an experimental animal study","authors":"Ni Putu Mira Sumarta ,&nbsp;Surya Atmajaya ,&nbsp;Olivia Jennifer Gunardi ,&nbsp;Andra Rizqiawan ,&nbsp;Coen Pramono Danudiningrat ,&nbsp;Tengku Natasha Eleena binti Tengku Ahmad Noor","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Regenerative medicine is therapy that is expected to be effective for mandibular cartilage defect regeneration. Nevertheless, the biomechanical aspects of mandibular condyle cartilage defect regeneration are still rarely discussed.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed too analyze the compression, tensile, shear strength, and elastic modulus in the mandibular condyle cartilage defect regeneration in an animal model after the implantation of <strong>human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (</strong>hUCMSC) and <strong>platelet rich fibrin</strong> (PRF) scaffolds. <strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: The defect were made on 80 New Zealand White Rabbit mandibular condyle cartilages and divided into four groups (three experimental and one control group). The experimental groups consisted of defects treated with implantations of PRF, hUCMSC, and hUCMSC with PRF. Each group consisted of 5 rats, observed for 4-weeks and then euthanized. Compression, tensile, shear strength, and elastic modulus tests were done with Universal Testing Machine. A comparative analysis was performed using SPSS v25 software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The hUCMSC group had a higher strength of compression (13,462 ± 0,889) MPa with a significant difference (p = 0,000) and tensile strength (2723 ± 0,985) MPa with a significant difference (p = 0,003) than the other groups. The average shear strength and elastic modulus showed that the hUCMSC (1162 ± 0,090 and 8700 ± 1502) and combination groups (0,728 ± 0,071 and 7742 ± 0,814) have significantly higher values than the other groups (p = 0,014 and p = 0,000).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The implantation of hUCMSC results in a high compression and tensile strength of the regenerated defect. The implantation of hUCMSC or hUCMSC seeded on a PRF scaffold is a novel method for mandible cartilage regeneration, and they showed better biomechanics in shear strength and elastic modulus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 6","pages":"Pages 1526-1533"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of Aloe vera extract application on marginal bone preservation and socket reconstruction after tooth extraction – an animal study","authors":"Dana Zandian ,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Fallahi ,&nbsp;Marzie Yazdi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Amin Kavoosi ,&nbsp;Heliya Ziaei ,&nbsp;Seyed Ali Mard ,&nbsp;Kiana Jenabidehkordi ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Shahsanaei ,&nbsp;Mehrnaz Moradinejad","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.08.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.08.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Preserving natural teeth is a primary goal in dental treatment, but tooth extraction may be necessary in certain cases. Post-extraction alveolar bone resorption is inevitable, leading to potential complications in implant placement and adjacent teeth. This in-vivo study investigated the effect of Acemannan, an Aloe vera extract, on marginal bone preservation and socket reconstruction following tooth extraction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty rats were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Acemannan extract was placed in the maxillary incisor extraction sockets of the experimental group, while the control group received suturing without additional treatment. Acemannan was extracted from Aloe vera gel using water and absolute ethanol, with extraction efficiency improved via freezer-drying, producing white porous fibers. Bone resorption was monitored in both groups by assessing marginal bone height via CBCT. Follow-up assessments were conducted over 90 days.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No complications were observed in either group during the study. Both groups exhibited significant alveolar bone height reduction post-extraction (P &gt; 0.05). However, the experimental group showed significantly less bone resorption (0.76 ± 0.39 mm) compared to the control group (1.09 ± 0.2 mm) with a P-value of 0.008.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Acemannan placement in extraction sockets may enhance vertical bone preservation and reduce alveolar bone resorption. Aloe vera extract shows promise as a natural, effective agent for promoting bone healing and socket reconstruction post-extraction. Further research is needed to explore its mechanisms and optimize clinical use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 6","pages":"Pages 1514-1517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence based techniques for caries risk prediction and assessment: A scoping review","authors":"Sonal Bhatia ,&nbsp;Vinay Kumar Gupta ,&nbsp;Sumit Kumar ,&nbsp;Gaurav Mishra ,&nbsp;Seema Malhotra ,&nbsp;Khushboo Arif ,&nbsp;Atrey Pai Khot ,&nbsp;Aman Rajput ,&nbsp;Angad Mahajan","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.08.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.08.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The purpose of this scoping review was to systematically search through the evidence for the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) for caries risk assessment (CRA) or prediction (CRP), determine the scope of the methodologies used, summarize their performance metrics, and report limitations and challenges (if any).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A structured and comprehensive search of three electronic databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, was performed to yield results from 2013 to 2023. Studies were selected through title, abstract, and full-text screening based on the selection criteria. Charting of the extracted data was performed using a self-designed checklist with eight dimensions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The electronic database search retrieved 3059 articles. Ultimately, 13 articles were included in the review. The most used methods were logistic regression (n = 9) and random forest (n = 8). The performance of the included models was measured variably. The reported performance metrics of the models were heterogeneous in nature; the sensitivity ranged from 0.59 to 0.996, while the specificity ranged from 0.531 to 0.943. The most frequently utilized predictors include socio-demographic factors, oral hygiene habits, and dietary habits.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Of the AI-based CRA models analyzed, machine learning algorithms were most frequently used. This review highlights that AI methods most probably show superior specificity and better performance than traditional methods. The application of these algorithms can have significant implications for the population impacted by pertinent chronic diseases that are avoidable through risk reduction, such as dental caries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 6","pages":"Pages 1497-1507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of sealant retention and caries prevention of 2 % chitosan-based pit and fissure sealants in permanent 1st molars – A randomised trial","authors":"Naina Kumar,&nbsp;Kavita Rai,&nbsp;Krithika Shetty,&nbsp;Manju Raman Nair","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.08.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.08.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dental caries is a significant public health concern, particularly in children, where occlusal surfaces are at high risk due to complex pit and fissure morphology. Pit and fissure sealants are a well-established preventive measure, with resin-based sealants offering superior retention compared to glass ionomer cement (GIC) sealants. Chitosan, a naturally derived biopolymer, may enhance resin-based sealants by improving their mechanical strength, antibacterial action, and adhesion, leading to better retention and reduced need for reapplication. This study evaluated the 6-month retention and caries-preventive effectiveness of a 2 % chitosan-modified resin-based sealant versus a conventional sealant.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A double-blind, split-mouth randomised clinical trial (CTRI/2023/06/054321) was conducted in a pediatric dental setting. A total of 38 children aged 6–10 years, each with four fully erupted, caries-free permanent first molars, were enrolled, resulting in a total of 152 Molars out of which 32 children (128 teeth) completed the trial. Each participant received both a conventional resin-based sealant (Clinpro™) and a 2 % chitosan-modified Clinpro™ sealant on contralateral molars. Randomisation was performed using a SNOSE (Sequentially Numbered Opaque Sealed Envelope) to determine the allocation of sealants on each side. Teeth were prepared by professional prophylaxis using pumice slurry, followed by etching with 37 % phosphoric acid, rinsing, and drying per manufacturer's instructions before sealant application. Both sealants were light-cured for 20 s and evaluated for proper placement. Clinical assessments were conducted at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Primary outcomes included sealant retention, evaluated using modified retention criteria (complete, partial, or total loss), and caries incidence, assessed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System-II (ICDAS-II). Data were analyzed using STATA 18 software, and statistical significance was determined using Chi-square test to compare categorical variables, Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess normality. Friedman test was conducted for within-group comparisons over time, followed by the Durbin-Conover post-hoc test for pairwise comparisons. Between-group comparisons of ICDAS-II scores were conducted using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Statistical significance was set at <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At 3 months, complete retention was observed in 95.31 % of molars treated with the chitosan-modified sealant, compared to 81.25 % in the conventional sealant group. By 6 months, retention rates declined slightly to 92.19 % in the study group and 76.56 % in the control group, with the differences remaining statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05). Regarding caries prevention, at 3 months, 100 % of teeth in the study group remained caries-free (ICDAS-II score 0), compared to 89.06 % in the cont","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 6","pages":"Pages 1490-1496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of quality of life in children with cerebral palsy: A parent-reported questionnaire-based study","authors":"Siddhesh Ajgaonkar,&nbsp;Amarshree A. Shetty","doi":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.08.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.08.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quality of life (QoL) of children with cerebral palsy (CP) needs to be assessed using a CP-specific questionnaire, such as the CP-QoL questionnaire. This study was conducted to assess the QoL of children with CP using the CP-QoL questionnaire and correlate QoL scores with patient demographics. The caregivers of 155 children (3–15 years) attending the NITTE centre of AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences were enrolled in the study. The caregivers were given the Kannada translation of the parent-proxy version of the CP-QoL questionnaire. Analysis and scoring were carried out using the prescribed methodology. For validation, Cronbach's alpha was computed for every question. Analysis was done on the impact of demographic profile on QoL. A CP-QoL survey was given 155 caregivers of children with cerebral palsy (96 male and 61 female). The youngsters under study had an overall QoL score of 25.24 ± 6.14. The children's QoL was significantly impacted by age (P &lt; 0.05). The QoL was not substantially impacted by gender (P &gt; 0.05). Overall, reliability and internal consistency were determined to be good. (Alpha Cronbach's &gt; 0.7). Children with CP have a lower quality of life as assessed using the CP-QoL questionnaire.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research","volume":"15 6","pages":"Pages 1485-1489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}