The effect of Aloe vera extract application on marginal bone preservation and socket reconstruction after tooth extraction – an animal study

Abstract

Objectives

Preserving natural teeth is a primary goal in dental treatment, but tooth extraction may be necessary in certain cases. Post-extraction alveolar bone resorption is inevitable, leading to potential complications in implant placement and adjacent teeth. This in-vivo study investigated the effect of Acemannan, an Aloe vera extract, on marginal bone preservation and socket reconstruction following tooth extraction.

Methods

Thirty rats were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Acemannan extract was placed in the maxillary incisor extraction sockets of the experimental group, while the control group received suturing without additional treatment. Acemannan was extracted from Aloe vera gel using water and absolute ethanol, with extraction efficiency improved via freezer-drying, producing white porous fibers. Bone resorption was monitored in both groups by assessing marginal bone height via CBCT. Follow-up assessments were conducted over 90 days.

Results

No complications were observed in either group during the study. Both groups exhibited significant alveolar bone height reduction post-extraction (P > 0.05). However, the experimental group showed significantly less bone resorption (0.76 ± 0.39 mm) compared to the control group (1.09 ± 0.2 mm) with a P-value of 0.008.

Conclusion

Acemannan placement in extraction sockets may enhance vertical bone preservation and reduce alveolar bone resorption. Aloe vera extract shows promise as a natural, effective agent for promoting bone healing and socket reconstruction post-extraction. Further research is needed to explore its mechanisms and optimize clinical use.