Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Knowledge, Utilization Practices, and Adequacy of Iodized Salt Among Pregnant Women in Awash Sebat Administrative City, Afar Region, Ethiopia: A Bayesian Logistic Regression Analysis.","authors":"Temesgen Gebeyehu Wondmeneh, Asiya Hussein Ibrahim","doi":"10.1155/jnme/1557188","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/1557188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Iodine is an essential micronutrient required for thyroid hormone synthesis and fetal brain development, making pregnant women particularly vulnerable to iodine deficiency. Despite implementation of universal salt iodization in Ethiopia, adequate iodine intake remains suboptimal due to gaps in knowledge, utilization practices, and household availability of adequately iodized salt. These challenges are more pronounced in pastoral settings such as the Afar Region, where contextual factors may influence access to and use of iodized salt. Therefore, this study assessed knowledge, utilization practices, the availability of adequately iodized salt, and associated factors among pregnant women in Awash Sebat Administrative City using a Bayesian logistic regression approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 411 pregnant women (response rate: 97.39%) in Awash Sebat Administrative City, Afar Region, Ethiopia, from December 1 to 30, 2024. Participants were selected using simple random sampling from health extension workers' registration lists of pregnant women. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and household salt iodine testing. Bayesian logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with knowledge, utilization practices, and the availability of adequately iodized salt.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 80.78% of pregnant women had good knowledge of iodized salt, and 62.8% demonstrated good utilization practices. Adequately iodized salt was found in nearly two-thirds of households (62.5%). Higher odds of good knowledge of iodized salt were observed among pregnant women with college-level or higher education (OR = 1.77; 95% CrI: 1.22-5.45), urban residence (OR = 2.48; 95% CrI: 1.57-6.32), and high wealth index (OR = 2.27; 95% CrI: 1.07-4.35). Good utilization practice was significantly associated with college-level or higher education among pregnant women (OR = 5.08; 95% CrI: 2.70-8.03), Christian religion (OR = 2.87; 95% CrI: 1.52-4.77), and urban residence (OR = 4.58; 95% CrI: 3.43-11.52), while husband-only decision-making was associated with lower odds (OR = 0.21; 95% CrI: 0.11-0.53). Women with good knowledge of iodized salt had higher odds of good utilization practice (OR = 5.06; 95% CrI: 3.88-33.45). The availability of adequately iodized salt was associated with college-level or higher education (OR = 2.13; 95% CrI: 1.10-4.20), urban residence (OR = 1.80; 95% CrI: 1.18-3.39), and a high household wealth index (OR = 2.05; 95% CrI: 1.53-4.88), whereas households with ≥ 4 members had lower odds (OR = 0.64; 95% CrI: 0.35-0.91).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that although a considerable proportion of pregnant women in Awash Sebat Administrative City had good knowledge of iodized salt, utilization practices and the availability of adequately iodized salt remained comparatively lower.","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"1557188"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13535854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron Content and Nutritional Quality of Commercial Complementary Baby Foods Available in Australia.","authors":"Ghazal Akbaridoust, Talicia Sutherland, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie","doi":"10.1155/jnme/9518894","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/9518894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Optimal nutrition in infancy supports growth, development and long-term health. Commercial complementary foods are widely used in Australia, yet concerns persist regarding their iron, sugar and sodium content. This study examines their nutritional composition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2024, nutrition information was collected for complementary foods labelled from 6 months of age across four major retailers in Melbourne. Products for infants under 6 months and dairy-only products were excluded. Nutrient composition was analysed for iron, energy, fat, protein, carbohydrate, total sugar and sodium. Added sugars and free sugars were identified from ingredient lists.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 266 products were identified. Snacks had the highest average energy (1692.7 ± 257.3 kJ/100 g), protein (7.8 ± 4.6 g/100 g), fat (9.1 ± 7.5 g/100 g), carbohydrates (69.4 ± 12.7 g/100 g), sodium (82.1 ± 109.9 mg/100 g) and iron (8.2 ± 10.9 mg/100 g), with some products containing up to 38 mg/100 g. Only 19.2% of all products were iron-fortified, and 10 of these products did not declare iron on the label. Iron-fortification was limited to grain-based products, most commonly breakfast cereals (58.8%) and snacks (37.3%). No fruit purees or main meals were iron-fortified. Fruit purees had high sugar content (9.7 g/100 g). Free sugars were present in 24.1% of products, most commonly snacks (46.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most commercial complementary foods provided little iron, and fortified products did not consistently declare iron content. Snacks were the most energy-, sugar- and sodium-dense category. Stronger standards and clearer labelling may better support infant feeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9518894"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Body Weight Changes During Ramadan Intermittent Fasting: A Cross-Sectional Study of Healthy Adults in Turkey\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1155/jnme/9850164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jnme/9850164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/jnme/8851660.].</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9850164"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148840442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Chocolate, Cheese, and Caffeine as Migraine Triggers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Patient-Reported Trigger Rates.","authors":"Hayat Alzahrani","doi":"10.1155/jnme/4693275","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/4693275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Migraine is a common neurological disorder affecting approximately 14%-15% of the global population and is a leading cause of years lived with disability. Dietary factors, including chocolate, caffeine, and cheese, are frequently reported as migraine triggers; however, their prevalence and contribution to migraine attacks remain inconsistent across studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of chocolate, caffeine, and cheese as patient-reported migraine triggers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and reported following the PRISMA 2020 Statement and MOOSE guidelines. A systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE (via Ovid), Ovid, and Scopus was conducted from database inception to November 11, 2024. Observational studies reporting quantitative data on chocolate, caffeine, or cheese as migraine triggers were included. Data were synthesized using a random-effects meta-analysis of proportions in Jamovi (Version 2.3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight studies included, but seven only contributed to the quantitative meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of patient-reported migraine triggers was 13.9% for chocolate (95% CI: 7.0%-21.0%), 8.0% for cheese (95% CI: 3.0%-12.0%), and 12.0% for caffeine (95% CI: 6.0%-19.0%) (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). Substantial heterogeneity was observed across all analyses (I² > 95%). Four studies were rated as good quality and four as fair quality using the NHLBI Quality Assessment Tool.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Chocolate, caffeine, and cheese are commonly reported migraine triggers; however, their effects vary considerably among individuals. Given the substantial heterogeneity and reliance on observational, self-reported data, routine avoidance of these foods cannot be universally recommended. Instead, individualized trigger identification, supported by headache diaries, should guide dietary management. Further well-designed prospective studies are needed to clarify causal relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4693275"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13519292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148840409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors and Prognostic Effects of Refeeding Syndrome in Malnourished Elderly Patients During Nutritional Support.","authors":"Lin Zhang, Lu Meng, Han Sun, Zhihui Zhang, Yuexuan Liu, Shuhua Wu","doi":"10.1155/jnme/8521417","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/8521417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is a life-threatening metabolic complication arising when malnourished or catabolic patients resume nutrient intake, defined primarily by hypophosphatemia and concurrent electrolyte disturbances. Among malnourished elderly, RFS has an incidence of ∼50% and is linked to extremely high mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective case-control study included 93 elderly patients (≥ 60 y) with a Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) score ≥ 3, admitted to two tertiary hospitals between August 2017 and August 2019. Patients were retrospectively assigned to the \"RFS group\" (<i>n</i> = 42, developed RFS within 1 week of admission) and a non-RFS group (<i>n</i> = 51).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Independent RFS risk factors were low BMI (18.24 ± 1.66 vs. 22.06 ± 1.84 kg/m²), low serum albumin (29.97 ± 3.16 vs. 35.29 ± 4.33 g/L), and high D-dimer (5.02 ± 1.87 vs. 2.34 ± 2.00 μg/mL; all <i>p</i> < 0.05). RFS patients had a significantly poorer prognosis: longer hospital stay (28.74 ± 9.02 vs. 16.84 ± 8.57 d), lower 28-day (47.6% vs. 84.3%), and 90-day (28.6% vs. 56.9%) survival rates, and higher organ dysfunction incidence (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Within patients diagnosed with RFS, stepwise nutritional therapy contributed to better clinical outcomes. Among all enrolled high-risk elderly individuals, nutritional regimens combined with phosphate, magnesium, potassium, vitamin B1 (thiamine) supplementation, and appropriate energy restriction effectively alleviated RFS severity and related complications. Subgroup analysis of RFS patients further confirmed that combined micronutrient supplementation shortened hospital stay and improved 90-day survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Universal micronutrient supplementation at admission combined with targeted energy restriction within the first 10-14 days of hospitalization reduces RFS risk among vulnerable elderly inpatients. Notably, multimicronutrient supplementation exerts a stronger protective effect against RFS than feeding route or initial energy regimen. Low BMI, hypoalbuminemia, and elevated D-dimer serve as reliable predictors of RFS. Stepwise nutritional intervention with prompt electrolyte correction can shorten hospital stay and enhance 90-day survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8521417"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13504621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148818686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meal Replacement Provides Additional Benefits for Weight and Visceral Fat Reduction in Prediabetic Individuals: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Ye Zhou, Lunan Jin, Pingping Zhang, Yanni Li, Yong Jin, Miao Xu, Qifa Song, Li Li","doi":"10.1155/jnme/7109903","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/7109903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Meal replacements (MRs) have been shown to improve cardiometabolic risk factors; however, their effects on visceral fat and metabolic characteristics in individuals with prediabetes remain insufficiently investigated. This study was aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of MR combined with lifestyle intervention in improving weight, visceral fat area (VFA), blood pressure, and biochemical indicators in participants with prediabetes comorbid with overweight/obesity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 100 prediabetic participants (25 kg/m² ≤ body mass index [BMI] ≤ 35 kg/m²) were recruited and randomly divided into the lifestyle intervention group (LSI group; received guidance on lifestyle interventions) and the lifestyle intervention combined with MR group (LSI + MR group; received a nutrient-rich and low-carbohydrate MR to replace the staple food of two meals or replace one regular meal while receiving lifestyle interventions). Forty-two participants in the LSI group and 45 in the LSI + MR group completed the trial. Anthropometric indexes were collected and biochemical indexes were tested at baseline and 12 weeks post-intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the LSI group, the LSI + MR group showed greater percentage reductions in weight (-5.3% ± 5.5% vs. -8.3% ± 4.5%; <i>p</i> < 0.01) and VFA (-11.9% ± 21.0% vs. -22.7% ± 23.8%; <i>p</i> < 0.05). And there were significant time × group interaction effects for weight (<i>F</i> = 5.296, <i>p</i> = 0.023), BMI (<i>F</i> = 5.124, <i>p</i> = 0.025), and VFA (<i>F</i> = 9.177, <i>p</i> = 0.003). For blood pressure, postprandial glucose, insulin resistance, liver enzymes, and lipids, there were only time effects (<i>p</i> < 0.05) but no time × group interaction effects (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Subgroup analyses suggested that MR-related benefits varied by baseline VFA, with greater improvement in 2-h postprandial plasma glucose among participants with VFA < 100 cm² and greater reductions in weight, triglyceride, and total cholesterol among those with VFA ≥ 100 cm².</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lifestyle intervention combined with MR resulted in greater reductions in body weight and VFA than lifestyle intervention alone in individuals with prediabetes and overweight/obesity. The additional metabolic benefits of MR appeared to vary according to baseline visceral adiposity. <b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05273840.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7109903"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13501115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148813442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skeletal Muscle Mass in Women With Breast Cancer: Evaluation of Agreement Between Different Methods.","authors":"Julia Abdala Nogueira Souza, Deborah Minto Dos Santos, Luisa Barcellos Leite da Silva, Maria Rita Pereira da Silva Garcia, Ana Beatriz Rechinelli, Janine Martins Machado, Ben-Hur Albergaria, Rayne de Almeida Marques Bernabé, José Luiz Marques-Rocha, Valdete Regina Guandalini","doi":"10.1155/jnme/6646504","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/6646504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The loss of muscle mass, which is the main component of sarcopenia, is a common condition in women with breast cancer. Thus, novel, simple, accessible methods capable of diagnosing this condition in clinical practice have been investigated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the diagnostic accuracy of an anthropometric equation in predicting the skeletal muscle mass index in women with breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational cross-sectional study with women ≥ 20 years of age with up to 12 months since the diagnosis of breast cancer having been submitted to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the determination of skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral data were collected. Body mass (kg), height (m), and calf circumference (CC) (cm) were measured. SMM was also obtained through an anthropometric equation. Agreement analysis was performed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 135 women were analyzed (55 ± 11.3 years). The sample was predominantly nonwhite (69.7%), with ≤ 6 months since diagnosis (81.5%), insufficiently active (59.3%), and with invasive breast carcinoma (70.4%). The Bland-Altman test showed satisfactory agreement between SMM obtained by the anthropometric equation and the reference method (DXA) for adults and older women. For adults, Cronbach's alpha was 0.79, the ICC was 0.79, and the mean error was 0.007 kg/m² (95% CI: -0.67 to 0.63). For older women, Cronbach's alpha was 0.80, the ICC was 0.78, and the mean error was 0.367 kg/m² (95% CI: -1.36-2.10).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Satisfactory agreement was found between SMM obtained by the anthropometric equation and the reference method in both adults and older women. This equation proved to be an effective, simple, and safe tool for the identification of SMM and, consequently, for the screening of sarcopenia in women with breast cancer in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6646504"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13501393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148813434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition in Pediatric Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD).","authors":"Dieudonne Nonga, Jonathan Gisser, Eileen Chaves, Angel DiPangrazio, April Lehman, Sindhu Pandurangi, Sara Hassan, Christopher Chu, Alvaro Flores","doi":"10.1155/jnme/3692044","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/3692044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lifestyle change, including weight loss in children with overweight and obesity, through intensive health behavior and lifestyle treatment (IHBLT) is one of the main pillars in the management of pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Approximately 10% of school-aged children in the United States-and an even higher percentage of children with obesity-are affected by MASLD. The stigma, combined with peer and society pressure to maintain a \"healthy\" weight, as it pertains to MASLD, has led a percentage of affected children to adapt restrictive patterns of eating that have culminated in malnutrition, nutrient deficiencies, disordered eating, anxiety and mood, and eating disorders. Prompt recognition through screening and targeted interventions is needed to address this crisis. Our paper offers a concise review and approach to the nutrition evaluation and assessment of malnutrition and nutrition deficiencies in children with pediatric obesity and MASLD and addresses interventions considered to mitigate this health outcome. We reviewed the literature pertaining to pediatric MASLD and malnutrition, nutrient deficiencies, eating behaviors, eating disorders, disordered eating, and food insecurity in the pediatric population. We focused on the evaluation, assessment, and management of malnutrition and nutrition and behavioral interventions recommended in pediatric MASLD. Overall, IHBLT alone has not been sufficient to curb the pediatric obesity and MASLD epidemic, and there has been a growing interest in specific pediatric MASLD pharmacotherapies and their related nutritional and behavioral side effects. Ultimately, assessing and addressing nutrient deficiencies, mood disturbances, and disordered eating behaviors is critical to mitigating the long-term consequences of this disease, while improving food access and distribution can further optimize metabolic health outcomes through high-quality nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3692044"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13482174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulation of Plasma Nonessential Amino Acids in Early-Stage Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Abdullah Abbas Hamzah Al-Rubaye, Walaa Esmail Jasim, Ahmed A Mohsin","doi":"10.1155/jnme/2912642","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/2912642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin production or the body's poor response to insulin (insulin resistance). Amino acids are closely associated with glucose dysregulation, and disturbances of amino acid metabolism may break the balance of muscle breakdown, protein synthesis, and overactivation of gluconeogenesis, which precedes the onset of T2DM.</p><p><strong>Aim of study: </strong>This study was designed to identify the levels of nonessential amino acids in recently developed T2DM patients, which may help in the early diagnosis of the disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 180 individuals who participated in this study were categorized as healthy controls, prediabetes, and T2DM. Tests conducted for each participant included glucose using enzymatic methods, HbA1c and nonessential amino acids using ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); and insulin using a sandwich-based electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). Insulin resistance was calculated using the HOMA-IR formula.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Newly diagnosed T2DM patients had increased alanine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamate, and proline but decreased serine, arginine, cystine, glutamine, and glycine levels. Amino acid levels varied by obesity status, with alanine, aspartate, and serine rising with obesity, while asparagine, glutamate, arginine, and glycine decreased. Alanine, aspartate, and serine correlated positively with BMI, insulin, and HOMA-IR, whereas asparagine, glutamate, and arginine showed negative correlations. Cystine and glycine correlated negatively with age. Strong positive and negative interrelationships existed among these amino acids.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study revealed that newly diagnosed T2DM and prediabetes are associated with increased levels of certain nonessential amino acids (alanine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamate, proline) and decreased serine, arginine, cystine, glutamine, and glycine compared to healthy controls. These amino acid levels were influenced by obesity and correlated with insulin resistance and BMI. Altered amino acid metabolism plays a role in early T2DM development and could serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2912642"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13482181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Status, Dietary Practices, and the Double Burden of Malnutrition Among School-Aged Children in Cameroon: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Aristide Guillaume Silapeux Kamda, Joseph Hubert Galani Yamdeu, Mercy Achu, Laure Fotso Maptoum, Sylvain Sado, Wilfred Mbacham, Orish Ebere Orisakwe, Roger Ponka, Elie Fokou, Chiara Frazzoli","doi":"10.1155/jnme/6792104","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/6792104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Undernutrition remains highly prevalent among children and adolescents in Cameroon, while increasing rates of overweight and obesity reflect an ongoing nutrition transition and a growing double burden of disease. This systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of research conducted on nutritional status, dietary intake, and nutrition-related practices in nursery, primary, and secondary schools in Cameroon. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Four electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate) were searched for studies published between January 2000 and February 2024. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool. A total of 32 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted in urban areas, particularly in Yaoundé (21.8%), Douala (15.3%), and Bamenda (15.3%), while no studies were identified in the South, East, and Far North Regions. Among primary school children, the prevalence of malnutrition ranged from 9.25% to 30.2%. The highest prevalence of overweight and obesity (38.4%) was observed among secondary school students. Stunting was the most common form of malnutrition among nursery and primary school children. Dietary patterns were characterized by low consumption of fruits and vegetables, with up to 57.3% of children reporting no fruit intake over a 7-day period. These findings highlight significant regional disparities and the coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition among school-aged children in Cameroon. Strengthening nutrition education, improving food environments, and implementing context-specific interventions are essential to address the double burden of malnutrition without exacerbating existing health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6792104"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13473834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148758967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}