Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Gut Microbiota Alterations in Hypothyroidism: A Pilot Study Revealing Increased Abundance of Specific Bacterial Genera.","authors":"Zahra Hoseini Tavassol, Farima Farsi, Fateme Ettehad-Marvasti, Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed, Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar","doi":"10.1155/jnme/9988966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jnme/9988966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypothyroidism (HT) is a prevalent thyroid disorder characterized by insufficient thyroid hormone production, leading to metabolic complications. Emerging research suggests a link between gut microbiota and thyroid regulation, positing that alterations in gut bacterial populations may contribute to HT's development and progression. This study aimed to investigate these associations by comparing gut microbiota compositions between individuals with HT and healthy adults, potentially refining diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this pilot study conducted between 2019 and 2023, 15 hypothyroid patients and 15 age- and gender-matched healthy controls participated in the study. Exclusion criteria were applied to eliminate confounding factors. Anthropometric data were collected, and stool samples underwent microbial analysis. Total bacterial DNA was extracted, and quantitative real-time PCR targeting 16S rRNA genes across eight bacterial genera was performed. The Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test was used for statistical analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were observed in baseline demographic and anthropometric characteristics between groups. However, hypothyroid patients exhibited significantly elevated levels of <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, <i>Escherichia</i>, <i>Fecalibacterium</i>, and <i>Prevotella</i> (<i>p</i> values < 0.001-0.030). No significant differences were found in levels of <i>Akkermansia, Lactobacillus</i>, or in the <i>Bacteroides</i>/<i>Prevotella</i> ratio.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This pilot study provides preliminary indications of a possible role of gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of HT. Variations in bacterial composition suggest a significant influence of gut health on thyroid regulation. Future studies with larger cohorts are needed to explore the biological pathways linking the gut microbiome to thyroid function, which may lead to novel microbiota-targeted therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9988966"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12946809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147326455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chinese Herbal Medicines for Diabetic Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases: Key Bioactive Metabolites and Action Mechanisms.","authors":"Ying Su, Shuwen Luo, Wei Li, Cuicui Cheng, Wei Liu, Xinyu Yang, Zhen Xing","doi":"10.1155/jnme/5563248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jnme/5563248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, the global incidence of diabetes is increasing, particularly in populous developing regions. In China, over 290 million people are affected by diabetic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. These diseases account for more than 40% of deaths and impose a significant economic burden on both society and families. Diabetes can result in vascular complications through multiple mechanisms, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Current management guidelines recommend conducting risk assessments before prescribing medications like antihypertensives, hypoglycemics, and lipid-lowering drugs, alongside lifestyle interventions, to help prevent cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. However, pharmacological approaches have several limitations, including adverse drug reactions and variability in patient responses. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) exerts its therapeutic effects via bioactive metabolites that modulate multiple molecular targets, including enzymes, receptors, and transcriptional regulators, through complex interactions with cellular signaling networks. While modern pharmacological research validates its polypharmacological mechanisms, concerns persist regarding potential botanical drug interactions, toxicological profiles, and pharmacokinetic variability of certain botanicals. Only through a balanced scientific approach can CHM's unique therapeutic value be fully realized. This review evaluates the efficacy of CHM in mitigating metabolic disorders, focusing on its diverse pharmacological mechanisms, including antioxidant defenses, inflammation suppression, and programmed cell death regulation. It elucidates the role of pivotal signaling cascades, including the glucagon (GLC)/5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) axis, the GLC/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)/PGC-1α pathway, as well as the PI3K/Akt and AMPK/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, alongside oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. However, future research should prioritize well-structured clinical trials and mechanistic studies to substantiate CHM's therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5563248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12930105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147306993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-Analysis of Refeeding Syndrome in Predicting the Risk of Occurrence in Critically Ill Patients.","authors":"Xuanle Wu, Min Zhang, Jiajia Pan","doi":"10.1155/jnme/6660254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jnme/6660254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) have a high risk of refeeding syndrome (RFS). Identifying RFS in its early stages is often challenging, making preventive interventions for high-risk patients difficult. The aim of this review is to identify risk factors for RFS in ICU patients receiving nutritional support.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>We systematically searched CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science up to November 2024 for cohort/case-control studies assessing RFS risk factors in adults (≥ 18 years). Risk of bias was evaluated using Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I). Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen articles were included, comprising 3360 cases. Baseline serum phosphate [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0.10, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) (-0.19∼-0.01)], magnesium [WMD = -0.01, 95% CI (-0.04-0.02)], potassium [WMD = -0.02, 95% CI (-0.06-0.02)], albumin [WMD = -2.08, 95% CI (-3.81, -0.36)], prealbumin [(WMD = -15.37, 95% CI (-33.00-2.27)], daily protein intake [WMD = 0.23, 95% CI (0.17-0.28)], APACHE II score [WMD = 2.65, 95% CI (1.22-4.08)], NRS2002 score [WMD = 0.68, 95% CI (-0.41-1.77)], SOFA score [WMD = 1.87, 95% CI (1.50-2.25)], age [WMD = 8.67, 95% CI (7.14-10.19)], daily calorie intake [odds ratio (OR) = 0.35, 95% CI (0.25, 0.49)], feeding within 48 h of ICU admission [OR = 1.98, 95% CI (1.56, 2.51)], and a history of diabetes [OR = 3.84, 95% CI (1.17, 12.59)] are the risk factors for meta-analysis in this article. The ROBINS-I assessment showed moderate-to-severe bias (10 severe, 8 moderate).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The meta-analysis identified serum levels of phosphorus and albumin; daily protein and calorie intake; APACHE II score; SOFA score; age; initiation of feeding within 48 h of ICU admission; and a history of diabetes as significant predictors of RFS development in critically ill patients. Serum levels of magnesium, potassium, and prealbumin and the NRS2002 score were not associated with RFS in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6660254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12917335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147271232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thiamine Use in Hospitalized Patients: A Clinical Review.","authors":"Rowan E Rosewarne, Nicholas Farina","doi":"10.1155/jnme/7143046","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/7143046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thiamine, or vitamin B1, is a water-soluble vitamin necessary for multiple metabolic processes throughout the human body. Thiamine is primarily obtained from our diet and is found in sources such as whole grains, legumes, and pork. Short bowel syndrome, severe malnutrition, alcohol use disorder, or diuretic use can all lead to thiamine deficiency. Thiamine deficiency may contribute to significant morbidity if not promptly identified and treated. Thiamine supplementation has been established as the primary treatment for patients with Wernicke's encephalopathy. Supplementation of thiamine is also commonly provided to patients at risk for refeeding syndrome to prevent exacerbation of an underlying thiamine deficiency when nutrition is reintroduced. More recent studies have investigated thiamine supplementation for a broader use in patients with sepsis, impaired lactate clearance, and delirium. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the indications for thiamine supplementation in hospitalized patients, analyze literature for historical and emerging thiamine supplementation utilization, and provide a framework for supplementation based on indication.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7143046"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146180709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnitude of Stunting and Its Determinants Among Under-Five Children in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Nigussie Adam Birhan, Kefale Tilahun Getahun, Zelalem Meraf Wolde, Tilahun Yimanu Birhan, Tess Astatkie","doi":"10.1155/jnme/5984957","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/5984957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Stunting is a major global health concern, with an estimated 154.8 million children under 5 years old. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and the contributing factors of stunting among children under 5 years old in Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 1388 participants selected using a multistage sampling method. Structured and pretested questionnaires were used to collect the data, and STATA software was used for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with stunting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of stunting in Awi Zone was 24.9%. Rich wealth index (AOR: 0.46), health insurance (AOR: 0.45), child aged 24-59 months (AOR: 30.40), medium birth weight (AOR: 0.53), having toilet facility (AOR: 0.46), male child (AOR: 1.92), 2^nd or 3^rd birth order (AOR: 1.99), institutional delivery (AOR: 0.48), exclusive breastfeeding (AOR: 0.11), and ANC (AOR: 0.64) are significantly associated with stunting.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To reduce child stunting, governmental and nongovernmental organizations should design and implement public health interventions targeting poor households and those without health insurance and should enhance institutional delivery and ANC visits.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5984957"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12887825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146165629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School-Based Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation and Its Effect on Mental Health Outcomes Among Adolescent Girls in Central Ethiopia: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Shemsu Kedir, Dessalegn Tamiru, Beyene Wondafrash Ademe, Kalkidan Hassen Abate","doi":"10.1155/jnme/9500345","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/9500345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Common mental disorders (CMDs) are increasingly recognized as a major public health challenge worldwide, with adolescent girls bearing a disproportionate burden. Moreover, iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remain prevalent nutritional problems among adolescents. Observational studies have highlighted that the prevalence of CMD is higher among anemic individuals compared to their non-anemic counterparts. This study hypothesizes that preventing anemia through weekly iron and folic acid supplementation (WIFAS) among adolescent girls may have a positive effect on CMDs. However, the potential effect of WIFAS on CMDs remains unexplored. This critical evidence gap highlights the need for targeted research. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of WIFAS on CMD among adolescent girls in the Central Ethiopia Region.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study employed a school-based, parallel-cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) design, involving 306 adolescent girls across 12 clusters in the Silti and Kibet Districts of the Central Ethiopia Region. Participants were proportionally allocated, with 153 girls assigned to the intervention group (six clusters in Silti District) and 153 to the control group (six clusters in Kibet District). The outcome variable, CMD score, was treated as a continuous measure and assessed using the World Health Organization's (WHO) Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Data were collected at baseline and endline, with the latter conducted 6 months after the completion of the WIFAS. Linear mixed-effects models (LMEMs) were used to examine the association between WIFAS and CMD.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The findings of this study indicated that adolescents who received WIFAS had significantly lower CMD scores compared to those who did not (<i>β</i> = -1.12; 95% CI: -1.68, -0.55). The unadjusted mean difference was -0.88 (Model 1: <i>β</i> = -0.88; 95% CI: -1.47, -0.29). This association remained significant after adjusting for baseline CMD score (Model 2: <i>β</i> = -1.01; 95% CI: -1.58, -0.45), parental sociodemographic characteristics (Model 3: <i>β</i> = -1.12; 95% CI: -1.68, -0.55), and in the fully adjusted model (Model 4: <i>β</i> = -1.12; 95% CI: -1.68, -0.55).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study revealed that WIFAS significantly reduced CMD scores among adolescent girls. This suggests that WIFAS may offer mental health benefits in addition to its known role in preventing anemia and ID. Hence, integrating WIFAS into school-based health programs should be prioritized as a potential strategy to improve mental health outcomes among adolescent girls. <b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: PACTR202309541331083.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9500345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12883891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146157485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Vitamin A Intake and Associated Factors Among Lactating Women in Wondo Genet District, Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Amelo Bolka, Selamawit Sikuare, Aregahegn Dona, Assefa Philipos","doi":"10.1155/jnme/5560305","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/5560305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin A deficiency remains a public health problem in Ethiopia, despite programs aimed at providing lactating women with diverse diets and micronutrient supplements. However, evidence on the dietary vitamin A intake adequacy among these is limited. This study was aimed at assessing dietary vitamin A intake and associated factors among lactating women in the Wondo Genet district of Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 411 lactating women from January 1 to 28, 2024, using simple random sampling. Data were collected via an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Vitamin A inadequacy was defined as dietary intake below the estimated average requirement (EAR). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with dietary vitamin A inadequacy, and results are presented as adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The magnitude of inadequate dietary Vitamin A intake was 47.1% (95% CI: 42.2%, 52.0%). In the adjusted model, large family size (AOR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.58), food insecurity (AOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.44), low dietary diversity (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.62), not receiving nutritional counseling (AOR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.66, 4.28), and consuming fewer than three meals per day (AOR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.41, 3.37) were significantly associated with inadequate vitamin A intake.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found a high prevalence of inadequate dietary vitamin A intake among lactating women in the area. Predictors of inadequate intake included large family size, food insecurity, lack of nutritional counseling, low dietary diversity, and the number of meals consumed per day. We recommend targeted nutritional counseling and education for lactating women, emphasizing vitamin A awareness, meal planning, and strategies to combat food insecurity, particularly in larger families.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5560305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12862266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146113467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Bioactive Compounds With Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Allium Extracts Prepared With Commercial Rice Wines and Kaoliang Liquors.","authors":"Tsan-Chang Chang, Hung-Der Jang","doi":"10.1155/jnme/2450595","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/2450595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Allium</i> species are widely used in cooking. They possess antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, which may be due to the sulfur compounds they contain. This study examined the correlation between the active compounds of <i>Allium</i> species and their biological activities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Extracts from five <i>Allium</i> species grown in Taiwan-<i>A. sativum</i>, <i>A. fistulosum</i>, <i>A. tuberosum</i>, <i>A. fistulosum</i>, and <i>A. cepa</i>-were prepared using commonly available commercially alcohols in Taiwan: rice wine (19RW), front distillation of rice wine (34PRW), 38% kaoliang wine (38KL), and 58% kaoliang wine (58KL). The total phenol content and allicin content of the extracts were measured, and their antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity against common clinical pathogens were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The <i>A. fistulosum</i> extracts exhibited the highest total phenol content, and the <i>Allium</i> extracts derived using 34PRW and 38KL had the highest allicin content. All the <i>Allium</i> extracts had favorable antioxidant capacity, with <i>A. fistulosum</i>, <i>A. sativum</i>, and <i>A. tuberosum</i> exhibiting the highest DPPH free radical scavenging rate, TEAC, and SOD antioxidant capacity, respectively. The <i>A. fistulosum</i> extracts had a statistically significant increase in the DPPH free radical scavenging rate and total phenol content, the <i>A. sativum</i> extracts showed a significant difference in TEAC, and the <i>A. tuberosum</i> extracts exhibited a significant difference in SOD antioxidant activity. The sulfur compounds in the <i>Allium</i> species were found to be positively correlated with both the species' antioxidant and antibacterial activities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate that the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of <i>Allium</i> species are closely linked to their sulfur compounds and that differences among species are reflected in specific antioxidant parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2450595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Safety, Hygiene, and Sanitation Practices Among University Campus Dining Personnel: An Institution-Based Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Md Rakibul Hasan, Apurba Chowhan, Most Ruksana Khatun, Mst Mariam Sultana Saema, Tanjina Haque, Somaiya Islam Shuchy, Sunamdeb Chandra Pramanik, Farhana Akther","doi":"10.1155/jnme/7216438","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/7216438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foodborne illnesses are a major global health issue, often due to poor food safety practices. The specific aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs) and to identify the discrepancies between self-reported and actual food safety practices among campus dining personnel. A cross-sectional survey among 70 food handlers from 9 food outlets was conducted to collect self-reported data on KAPs regarding hygiene, food handling, and safety practices using a structured questionnaire. About 90% of food handlers claimed adherence to hygiene protocols, no handlers were observed wearing aprons or hairnets, and only 11.1% used disposable gloves. Although 77.8% reported regular hand washing, only one outlet (11.1%) had functional hand washing facilities. Unsafe thawing methods were observed in all outlets, with 88.9% failing to use gloves for ready-to-eat foods. For practices, knowledge emerged as a significant predictor (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with an odds ratio of 0.353. Inadequate practices extended to food preparation, where only 11.1% used separate cutting boards for raw and cooked foods. Storage conditions were generally better, with 100% maintaining cold storage at < 5 °C, and 77.8% ensuring the separation of raw and cooked foods. The logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant association (<i>p</i> < 0.01) between knowledge and attitudes and an odds ratio of 0.105 (CI: 0.035-0.315). Conversely, education showed no significant association with attitudes (<i>p</i> > 0.05; CI: 0.482-4.346). For practices, knowledge emerged as a significant predictor (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with an odds ratio of 0.353 (CI: 0.132-0.942). These findings reveal a critical gap between knowledge and application of food safety practices, attributed to infrastructure deficiencies and a lack of enforcement.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7216438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12859165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146106028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Physical Activity Together With Nutrition Programs in Educational Settings on Obesity and Overweight Reduction in Preschool Children: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Markel Rico-González, Adrián Moreno-Villanueva, Carlos D Gómez-Carmona, Jorge Carlos-Vivas, Suraiya Saleem","doi":"10.1155/jnme/9563746","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/9563746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The first years of life are crucial to start preventive interventions that can have an impact on lifestyle and later overweight and obesity. Being obese during preschool years increases the likelihood of remaining obese as an adult and is associated with serious health conditions. Combined physical activity and nutritional interventions may produce synergistic effects on child development, but evidence from school-based programs is still limited. This systematic review investigated the impact of physical activity programs with simultaneous nutrition-related interventions in obese preschoolers. Methods: Systematic search across five databases (PubMed, ProQuest, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus) up to August 31, 2025. Randomized controlled trials examining combined in-preschool physical activity and nutrition-related interventions in preschool children recruited from educational settings were included. Methodological quality was rated using the RoB-2 scale. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO. Conclusions: Combined preschool-based interventions integrating physical activity and nutrition show modest but consistent benefits in reducing BMI and improving dietary and behavioral outcomes in obese preschoolers. Family involvement and structural changes in the school environment appear to enhance effectiveness. Despite methodological limitations and heterogeneity across trials, evidence supports preschool years as a critical window for obesity prevention. Future studies should adopt standardized outcomes, longer follow-up, and cost-effectiveness analyses to inform large-scale implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9563746"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12824873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146052484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}