Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Natural Fish Oil Versus Purified Fish Oil: Composition, Efficacy, and Applications.","authors":"Jingxu Nie, Linlin Fan, Juan Du, Weihua Wang, Jun Li, Lianzhen Chen","doi":"10.1155/jnme/5029849","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/5029849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review proposes a purity-bioavailability-indication framework to systematically differentiate natural fish oil (NFO) and purified fish oil (PFO) and guide clinical decision-making. We categorize fish oil formulations along a therapeutic gradient from nutritional maintenance to targeted intervention, with molecular structure stratification based on bioavailability and safety profiles. NFO retains natural triglyceride structures with superior absorption kinetics but lower ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) purity, positioning it for maintenance nutritional supplementation. PFO, through advanced purification, achieves higher purity in ethyl esters (EEs), free fatty acids (FFAs), and re-esterified triglycerides (rTG) forms. The rTG structure uniquely combines high purity with enhanced bioavailability, bridging the gap between NFO and conventional PFO. Within the PFO category, our framework distinguishes eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (EPA-EE) as the evidence-based choice for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk reduction, combinations of EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA/DHA) as neutral for cardiovascular outcomes, and rTG as the bioavailable alternative for enteral therapeutic applications. For parenteral nutrition, PFO-based lipid emulsions provide formulation and operational advantages. In summary, this framework identifies a fundamental trade-off between natural matrix preservation (NFO) and purity/bioavailability optimization (PFO). PFO, particularly high-purity EPA-EE formulations, demonstrates established efficacy in cardiovascular risk reduction, while rTG offers superior bioavailability with comparable clinical promise; both PFO formulations show advantages in parenteral nutrition. High-dose ω-3 formulations, regardless of EPA monotherapy or EPA/DHA combination, carry a dose-dependent atrial fibrillation risk that warrants age-stratified assessment. NFO remains preferable for general nutritional supplementation given its favorable tolerability and preservation of natural antioxidants. Selection between NFO and PFO should be guided by clinical indication, required dosage, and arrhythmia risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5029849"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perioperative Immunonutrition and Postoperative Recovery Patterns in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Surgery: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.","authors":"F Ferragina, Y Ferro, I Barca, A R Sottile, R Pujia, A Arrotta, T Montalcini, M G Cristofaro","doi":"10.1155/jnme/4971173","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/4971173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malnutrition and sarcopenia negatively affect outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Immunonutrition has been proposed to improve perioperative recovery, but evidence remains limited, particularly in oral cancer surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate postoperative weight changes, muscle status, complications, and hospital stay in patients with OSCC who received a perioperative immune-nutritional protocol.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a single-center prospective observational cohort study including 22 patients surgically treated for OSCC between January 2022 and January 2024. All patients received perioperative immunonutrition administered orally or via nasogastric tube at four timepoints (T0: preoperative; T1: immediate postoperative; T2: discharge; T3: 30 days). All patients underwent anthropometric measurements, muscle strength assessment, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (muscle mass, phase angle, and total body water). All evaluations were performed at each study timepoint.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study population consisted of 62% females, with a mean age of 65 ± 10 years, and 17% of patients presented clinically relevant nutritional risk at baseline. Patients experienced a mean weight loss of 2.1 kg during the early postoperative hospitalization period, followed by a partial recovery of 1.2 kg within 30 days (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Phase angle and handgrip strength remained stable throughout the follow-up, indicating preserved cellular integrity and muscle function. Wound dehiscence occurred in 38% but healed without major sequelae. The average length of hospital stay was 13.8 ± 6.9 days. Although the results are lower than those reported in the literature on similar OSCC cases, caution is warranted when comparing due to differences in design and perioperative management.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients undergoing surgery for OSCC, the perioperative immune-nutritional protocol was associated with minimal postoperative weight loss and stable functional muscle status. Additionally, the postoperative recovery patterns in this cohort were favorable, and the complication rates were low.</p><p><strong>Clinical implications: </strong>Integrating immunonutrition into enhanced recovery (ERAS) pathways may optimize surgical outcomes, reduce hospitalization costs, and improve patient quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4971173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13639927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Childhood Stunting and Its Associated Factors in Bangladesh: Quantile Regression Modeling Approach.","authors":"Israt Jahan, Md Israt Rayhan, Kanis Fatama Ferdushi, Mirza Nazmul Hasan, Nahid Sultana","doi":"10.1155/jnme/5517189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jnme/5517189","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Stunting is a key public health concern among under-five children in Bangladesh. It affects approximately one-quarter of children under 5 years of age, which is higher than global averages and insufficient to meet the goal of the World Health Organization (WHO) for reducing stunting to 15%. So, further research is needed to better understand the current dynamics of stunting and to develop pragmatic policies based on the most recent nationwide data which will provide valuable insights into the factors influencing stunting in Bangladesh. This study investigates the prevalence and risk factors of stunting among children under five using the most recent national data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Data were analyzed from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2022. The data collection for the 2022 BDHS took place from June 27, 2022, to December 12, 2022. This survey used stratified sampling and selection is made in two stages. In the first stage, 675 enumeration areas (EAs) were picked from each stratum and a fixed number of 45 households per EA were selected in the second stage. The final data contain 8784 children under 5 years. After cleaning the flagged cases and missing values of related variable, the dataset comprises information on weighted sample of 3664 children. In bivariate analysis, a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was employed for violating the parametric assumptions. Subsequently, robust quantile regression models were utilized to evaluate the impact of various independent variables on height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) across different quantiles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Results reveal that the prevalence of stunting was 23%, with 17.8% and 5.2% classified as moderately and severely stunted, respectively. The quantile regression analysis shows significant heterogeneity in the determinants of child growth across the HAZ distribution. Predictors with stronger effects among moderately and severely stunted children (lowest HAZ quantile) include older child age, high birth order, twin births, low maternal BMI, low maternal education, lack of media exposure, low paternal education, and poor household wealth. Older child age was consistently associated with lower HAZ across all quantiles. The positive effects of maternal education, maternal overweight status, media exposure, and household wealth index are strongest at the lower HAZ quantiles. Children with higher birth orders have lower HAZ through all quantiles compared to first-born children. Twin births are associated with lower HAZ in the lower and middle quantiles. Several predictors, particularly maternal education, maternal nutritional status, and household wealth, exhibit higher prognostic value for severe and moderate stunting than for children in higher HAZ quantiles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Stunting remains a significant public health concern among children in Bangladesh. The effects of child, maternal, household, and h","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5517189"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13628568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal High-Fat Diet, During Preimplantation or Gestation/Lactation, Alters Mouse Offspring Metabolic, Molecular and Locomotor Phenotypes.","authors":"Irene Peral-Sanchez, Eda Sezer, Diego A Ojeda, Philip C Calder, Patrick C McHugh, Rachel Morris, Jeanette L Norman, Jon Ward, Tom P Fleming, Judith J Eckert, Neil R Smyth, Sandrine Willaime-Morawek","doi":"10.1155/jnme/5286440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jnme/5286440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternal nutrition during offspring development influences the offspring physiology and risk of long-term chronic disease. Here, we investigate the effects of maternal high-fat diet during distinct developmental windows (preimplantation alone, EmbHFD; or throughout gestation and lactation, HFD) on adult offspring metabolic, molecular and motor behavioural outcome. Our mouse model, utilising healthy nonobese MF1 mothers, induced distinct offspring outcomes dependent upon dietary duration with some sex-specific effects. EmbHFD offspring had high serum leptin (females), elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP), low locomotory activity and diminished motor coordination. Similarly, HFD offspring not only had raised serum leptin, high SBP and poor motor coordination but also experienced excess weight gain, deficits in energy metabolism, reduced relative brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass (females) and increased muscle lipid accumulation. Transcriptomic profiling of HFD female offspring revealed upregulation of thermogenic and lipid-handling genes (e.g., <i>Ucp1</i> and <i>ApoE</i>) in BAT alongside downregulation of mitotic regulators, suggesting impaired regenerative capacity. Collectively, these findings demonstrate, first, the risk to offspring of even transient maternal fatty diet without maternal obesity. Second, they highlight the sensitivity of periconceptional nutrition on the emergence of offspring multisystem metabolism and physiology, supporting the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5286440"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13625825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Antidiabetic Effects of <i>Cratoxylum formosum</i> Leaf Extract in Low-Dose Streptozotocin- and High-Fat Diet-Induced Diabetic Mice.","authors":"Nipaporn Muangchan, Suwattanee Kooptiwut, Anchalee Vattarakorn, Bancha Yingngam, Kanchana Suksri","doi":"10.1155/jnme/8893700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jnme/8893700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Cratoxylum formosum</i> (CF) is a phenolic-rich plant and exhibits <i>in vitro</i> antioxidant properties, yet its in vivo therapeutic potential remains uncharacterized. This study evaluated the antidiabetic efficacy of an ethanolic CF leaf extract using high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, complemented by enzymatic and INS-1 rat insulinoma cell line assays. This study found that 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) was identified as the major phenolic compound in the CF leaf extract. In vitro, CF extract inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities and protected INS-1 cells from high-glucose-induced cytotoxicity. In diabetic mice, CF extract administration attenuated hyperglycemia, partially preserved serum insulin and C-peptide levels, and suppressed serum neuropeptide Y (NPY) concentrations. Histological analysis confirmed the preservation of pancreatic islet architecture and pancreatic β-cell mass. These findings indicate that CF extract supports glycemic regulation and pancreatic β-cell preservation, warranting further exploration as a candidate for diabetes management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8893700"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13625824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Comparing the Effects of Commercially Available Ubiquinone, Ubiquinol, and Geranylgeraniol Dietary Supplements on Plasma CoQ10 Concentrations.","authors":"Christopher R D'Adamo, Michelle Leary, Christopher Mote, Ronald Ackerman, Mark Holthouse, Brandilyn Binstock, Ellie Adair, Gabriela Piedrahita, Scott Wehage, Kristine Burke","doi":"10.1155/jnme/5589963","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/5589963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays a fundamental role in energy production and antioxidant activity in humans. Direct supplementation with both the ubiquinol and ubiquinone forms of CoQ10 increases circulating concentrations, although comparative efficacy remains uncertain. Furthermore, nutrients supporting endogenous CoQ10 production, such as geranylgeraniol (GG), suggest that supplementation may indirectly increase CoQ10 concentrations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized, double-blind, parallel-arm, placebo-controlled trial was conducted comparing 8 weeks of label-dose supplementation with commercially available formulations of (1) ubiquinone; (2) ubiquinol; (3) GG; (4) ubiquinol + GG; and (5) placebo among healthy adults. The primary outcome was plasma CoQ10 concentrations. Secondary outcomes included lipid concentrations, markers of kidney and liver function, and validated questionnaires (PROMIS-Global Health, Profile of Mood States-Vigor subscale, and SF-36 Vitality subscale) assessing physical and mental health. Mean changes were compared across study arms using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied to the comparisons to placebo, and statistical significance was set at <i>p</i> < 0.0125. Tukey's multiple comparison procedure was applied to comparisons between each of the active study products, and statistical significance was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 150 participants were randomized. The mean age was 52.1 years, and the sample was diverse with respect to sex and race/ethnicity. Changes in CoQ10 with ubiquinone (+ 1.46), ubiquinol (+ 2.29), and ubiquinol + GG (+ 2.45) were greater than placebo (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). There were no differences between GG and placebo, ubiquinone and ubiquinol, or ubiquinol and ubiquinol + GG (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.15). Ubiquinol + GG (+ 0.99 mg/L) outperformed ubiquinone (<i>p</i> = 0.045). There were no differences versus placebo in questionnaires (<i>p</i> > 0.16). Adverse events were rare across all study arms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Supplementation with ubiquinone, ubiquinol, and ubiquinol + GG was well-tolerated and increased CoQ10 concentrations among healthy adults. While GG had no independent effects on CoQ10 concentrations, an interaction effect cannot be excluded, and this should be evaluated in a future factorial trial specifically designed for this purpose. Future studies evaluating the impact of ubiquinone + GG may also be warranted. <b>Trail Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06640465.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5589963"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13617315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149074704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S-Equol Alleviates Palmitic Acid-Induced Muscle Atrophy by Modulating the ERβ-AMPK-Autophagy Axis in L6 Cells.","authors":"Shengcai Yu, Xiangmin Ni, Haoyu Li, Heng Lu, Meng Ran Shi, Wenyi Zhu, Rong Fan, Xinyu Liang, Guiming Zhang, Jian Wang","doi":"10.1155/jnme/9719495","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/9719495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic sarcopenia arises from metabolic imbalance-induced ROS accumulation and oxidative stress, which exacerbate muscle degeneration. Typically, autophagy removes excessive ROS and damaged organelles, helping to limit oxidative stress and preserve skeletal muscle function. S-Equol (Eq), an intestinal metabolite of soy isoflavones with high affinity for estrogen receptor <i>β</i> (ERβ), exhibits estrogen-like activity, yet its role in diabetic muscle atrophy remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the effects of Eq on diabetic muscle atrophy in PA-induced atrophic L6 myotubes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, palmitic acid (PA)-treated L6 myotubes were used to model diabetes-associated atrophy. Then, Eq treatment was further carried out, and oxidative stress, mitochondrial morphology, and autophagy were further detected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PA suppressed AMPK/ULK1-mediated autophagy, induced ROS accumulation, disrupted mitochondrial morphology, and caused myotube atrophy. Eq treatment restored autophagic activity, significantly decreased ROS and malondialdehyde levels, maintained mitochondrial integrity and function, and preserved myotube structure. Importantly, inhibition of autophagy with 3-MA abolished the protective effects of Eq, confirming that its antiatrophic actions are autophagy-dependent. Mechanistically, knockdown of ERβ or AMPK prevented Eq from activating autophagy, suggesting that the ERβ-AMPK signaling axis is involved in Eq-mediated autophagy regulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings demonstrate that Eq alleviates PA-induced myotube atrophy by promoting autophagy, potentially through modulation of the ERβ-AMPK signaling axis. These results highlight Eq as a potential nutritional therapy for the prevention and treatment of diabetic sarcopenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9719495"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13601852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underweight Among Children Aged 6-59 Months in Transformed and Nontransformed Districts of East Gojjam, Ethiopia: A Community-Based Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Berhanu Abebaw Mekonnen, Kassahun Bishaw Anagaw, Netsanet Fentahun","doi":"10.1155/jnme/9041634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jnme/9041634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Underweight, a composite indicator of both acute and chronic undernutrition, remains a major public health concern among under-five children in Ethiopia, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and impaired growth and development. Ethiopia's Health Extension Program promotes transformed districts to improve child health and nutrition outcomes; however, evidence comparing underweight between transformed and nontransformed districts remains limited. This study assessed the prevalence of underweight and its associated factors among children aged 6-59 months in East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 627 children selected from transformed and nontransformed districts. Data were collected using structured questionnaires covering sociodemographic characteristics, household environment, childcare practices, and food security. Anthropometric measurements were obtained following World Health Organization standards, and underweight was defined as weight-for-age Z-score < -2 standard deviations. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of underweight, with statistical significance set at <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of underweight was 22.7% (95% CI: 19.0-26.0). Although underweight was more common among children in nontransformed districts (27.7%) compared with transformed districts (17.8%), this difference was not statistically significant. District transformation status was not independently associated with underweight after adjustment. Factors significantly associated with underweight included recent diarrheal illness (AOR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.56-3.98), household food insecurity (AOR = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.60-4.46), low household income (AOR = 3.77; 95% CI: 2.34-6.08), inequitable intrahousehold food allocation disadvantaging children (AOR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.02-2.65), and use of unprotected drinking water sources (AOR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.10-2.99).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Underweight remains a substantial public health problem in the study area and is driven primarily by household socioeconomic conditions, food insecurity, unsafe water access, and childhood illness rather than district transformation status alone. Strengthening multisectoral interventions that address poverty, food security, equitable child feeding, water safety, and infection prevention is essential to reduce underweight and improve child health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9041634"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13598432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Practices and Associated Factors Among Lactating Mothers in Sodo Zuriya District, Southern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Habtamu Elias Jorge, Merid Assefa Awato, Thilagavathi Thangavel","doi":"10.1155/jnme/3693610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/jnme/3693610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Poor dietary practices among lactating mothers can induce metabolic disturbances in infants early in life, particularly those related to nutrition, which result in irreversible physiologic changes. Although maternal nutrition is widely studied, few studies have focused on the dietary practices against the WHO/FAO recommendations for additional meal intake during lactation. This study aims to assess dietary practices and associated factors among lactating mothers based on recommended additional meal intake in the Sodo Zuriya district, South Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study of 627 lactating mothers caring for infants under 6 months of age was conducted. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS v20. Binary logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with dietary practices. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% CIs at a <i>p</i> value of < 0.05 were used to declare a statistically significant association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, only 50.2% of the lactating mothers had good dietary practices. Counseling about nutrition (AOR = 0.28 (0.15-52)), avoiding any food group (AOR = 0.59 (0.36-0.95)), frequency of antenatal care (AOR = 0.36 (0.15-0.86)), knowledge about foods (AOR = 1.99 (1.05-3.77)) and being taken as additional (AOR = 0.17 (0.03-0.99)), milk/milk product intake per day (AOR = 0.56 (0.36--0.88)), vitamin A-rich fruit or vegetable intake per week (AOR = 2.06 (1.01-4.21)), and staple food availability/production at household (AOR = 0.50 (0.33-0.77)) were significantly associated with dietary practices.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The dietary practices of lactating mothers in this setting were below the national reports and recommendations of the WHO and FAO. Routine health facility counseling, debunking cultural food taboos, and promoting agricultural crop diversification are essential to improving maternal dietary quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3693610"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13580149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148990297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Insulin Resistance the Driver or the Outcome of Diabetes Mellitus? A Critical Review.","authors":"Shafa Shahid, Saadia Qamar, Fouzia Qamar, Aliza Fatima, Endre Máthé, Muniba Khaliq","doi":"10.1155/jnme/9614195","DOIUrl":"10.1155/jnme/9614195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insulin resistance (IR) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are intricately related metabolic conditions that significantly contribute to the global health burden. IR is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia that triggers a cascade of metabolic dysfunctions, including alterations in insulin signaling and the promotion of IR <i>via</i> inflammatory pathways. Concurrently, IR intensifies the progression of DM, resulting in a vicious cycle of metabolic decline and hyperglycemia. This review critically evaluates whether IR is a cause, an effect, or both in the pathogenesis of DM. This study seeks to clarify the causal relationship between IR and DM by integrating mechanistic insights, clinical data, and recent epidemiological studies. However, emerging evidence suggests that IR can be both a cause and an effect in DM, depending on the stage and type of the disease. Public health implications play an important part in the prevention of DM, particularly in developing regions where the prevalence of DM is escalating. Early detection of IR, lifestyle interventions, and therapeutic strategies, coupled with digital health initiatives and urban design, present unique avenues for addressing this worldwide health challenge. Future research must address these gaps in causal inference by undertaking long-term studies, adopting standardized definitions, and implementing precision medicine applications <i>via</i> multiomics approaches. Recognition of IR as both a driver and consequence of diabetes emphasizes the urgent necessity for targeted and comprehensive strategies that address its progression and root causes across different populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9614195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13552360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148912522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}