Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Iodine Concentration in Drinking Water in the Same or Different Seasons of the Year in Brazilian Macroregions.","authors":"Carina Aparecida Pinto, Dayane de Castro Morais, Sylvia do Carmo Castro Franceschini, Sarah Aparecida Vieira Ribeiro, Edimar Aparecida Filomeno Fontes, Nathália Marcolini Pelucio Pizato, Franciane Rocha de Faria, Renata Junqueira Pereira, Danielle Goés da Silva, Carolina Abreu de Carvalho, Fabiana de Cássia Carvalho Oliveira, Naiara Sperandio, Anderson Marliere Navarro, Sandra Patrícia Crispim, Silvia Eloiza Priore","doi":"10.1155/2022/7227511","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/7227511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare the concentration of iodine in drinking water in the same or different seasons of the year in Brazilian macroregions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Water samples were collected from the Basic Health Units of eight municipalities that make up the different Brazilian macroregions and the Federal District. Sample collection took place in the summer, autumn, winter, and spring seasons. The spectrophotometric method with \"leuco crystal violet\" was used to determine the concentration of iodine in the water. Descriptive statistics on the data were performed. To verify if there was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water between the climatic seasons of the year in the same place and between the same seasons in different locations, the Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis test was used and a <i>p</i> < 0.05 value was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the climatic seasons throughout the year in the same location, there was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water in the municipality of Pinhais, state of Paraná/South macroregion, between autumn and summer (<i>p</i>=0.041) and winter and summer seasons (<i>p</i>=0.003). There was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water in the summer season between the Midwest and South macroregions; Northeast and Midwest, Southeast and South; North and Midwest, Southeast and South (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the autumn season, there was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water between the Midwest and South macroregions; Northeast and Midwest, Southeast and South; North and Midwest, Northeast and South (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the winter season, there was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water between the Southeast and Midwest and Southeast and South macroregions (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the spring season, there was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water between the Southeast and Midwest and Southeast and South macroregions (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There were differences in the iodine concentrations in drinking water in different locations in Brazil, when analyzed in the same seasons, and in the municipality of Pinhais between the autumn and summer and winter and summer seasons. Thus, it is suggested to monitor the iodine concentrations in water, considering the differences in climate, characteristics of each region, and soils throughout the Brazilian territory, since the deficiency or excess of iodine can bring risks to the health of the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"1 1","pages":"7227511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11401693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42627133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnant Mothers Diversified Dietary Intake and Associated Factors in Southwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Yihun Tariku,&nbsp;Kaleab Baye","doi":"10.1155/2022/4613165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4613165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary diversity is very critical for fetal growth and development, as well as for the health and wellbeing of the mother. In Ethiopia, 41% of pregnant mothers consume diversified diets. There has been no study assessing whether pregnant women in southwest Ethiopia consume a varied diet.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the proportion of adequate diversified dietary intake and to determine whether there is an association between diversified dietary intake and mothers' social capital.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 367 pregnant women in South West Ethiopia. A 24-hour multiple-pass dietary recall method was used to measure dietary intake and the 10 food groups of FANTA/FAO 2016 were used to analyze dietary diversity. Social capital was assessed based on the number of social networks in which a mother participated.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The proportion of diversified dietary intake was 14.7% (95% CI: 11.1, 18.3). Pregnant mothers who had social capital, had their own income, had emotional support from their husbands, were from a rich family, and had a frequent dietary intake were statistically associated with a diversified dietary intake, with an AOR of 7.8 (95% CI 1.02, 2.3 (95% CI 1.12, 4.44), 4.0, (95% CI 1.16, 13.7), 59.19), 2.3 (95% CI 1.04, 5.26), and 1.5 (95% CI 1.04, 2.07), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diversified dietary intake was found to be lower than previously reported, and it was associated with social capital. Methodologically rigorous studies are required to verify the association between social capital and adequate diversified dietary intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"4613165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9363205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40703141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Adding Job's Tears to Yogurt on Plasma Glycated Albumin, Weight, and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Nanny Djaja","doi":"10.1155/2022/1876731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1876731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A potential effect of Job's tears on metabolic diseases has been recognized. However, studies on the effect of Job's tears on lipid profile and glycated albumin (GA) are still rare. This study aimed to examine the influence of Job's tears in conjunction with probiotics on the lipid profile and GA concentration of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This double-blind 12-week study involved 60 patients with type 2 diabetes assigned randomly into two groups. The first group consumed yogurt alone (containing <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> La5 and <i>Bifidobacterium</i> Bb12), while the second had yogurt with Job's tears once daily (200 ml each). Lipids and GA concentrations were measured using an enzymatic colorimetric assay. Paired and unpaired Students <i>t</i>-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank, and Mann-Whitney test were applied. Statistical significance was set at <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The characteristics of the groups were comparable except for baseline plasma GA (<i>p</i>=0.012). Subjects who used Metformin were distributed equally between the groups (<i>p</i>=0.118). Caloric intake between the groups also did not differ (<i>p</i>=0.856). There was also no change in weight, BMI, or plasma GA. Yogurt and the mixture of Job's tears and yogurt reduced cholesterol and LDL and increased HDL (all <i>p</i> < 0.05) within the groups. However, HDL levels in patients who had Job's tears were significantly elevated than yogurt alone (0.9 vs. 25 mg/dL, <i>p</i>=0.029).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of Job's tears and yogurt improved HDL more than yogurt alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"1876731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9356909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40612261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Relationship between Nutritional Status of COVID-19 Patients Admitted to the ICU and Patients' Prognosis: A Cohort Study.","authors":"Parsa Mohammadi,&nbsp;Hesam Aldin Varpaei,&nbsp;Alireza Khafaee Pour Khamseh,&nbsp;Mostafa Mohammadi,&nbsp;Mojgan Rahimi,&nbsp;Amirhossein Orandi","doi":"10.1155/2022/5016649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5016649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malnutrition in COVID-19 critically ill patients can lead to poor prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the association between nutritional status (or risk) and the prognosis of critically ill COVID-19 patients. In this study, prognosis is the primary outcome of \"hospital mortality\" patients. The second outcome is defined as \"need for mechanical ventilation.\"</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>In this single-center prospective cohort study, 110 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (Tehran, Iran) between April and September 2021 were enrolled. Participants formed a consecutive sample. MNA-SF, NRS-2002, mNUTRIC, and PNI scores were used to evaluate nutritional assessment. Patients' lab results and pulse oximetric saturation SpO₂/FiO₂ (SF) ratio at the time of intensive care unit (ICU) admission were collected. Patients were screened for nutritional status and categorized into two groups, patients at nutritional risk and nonrisk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-five (59.1%) of all patients were men. The overall range of age was 52 ± 15. Thirty-six (32.7%) of patients were obese (BMI ≥ 30). The hospital mortality rate was 59.1% (<i>n</i> = 65). According to the different criteria, malnutrition rate was 67.3% (<i>n</i> = 74) (NRS), 28.2% (<i>n</i> = 31) (MNA), 34.5% (<i>n</i> = 38) (mNUTRIC), and 58.2% (<i>n</i> = 64) (PNI). There was a statistically significant association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mNUTRIC risk (OR = 13.5, 95% CI (1.89-16.05), <i>P</i>=0.002), diabetes mellitus (DM) and MNA risk (OR = 2.82, 95% CI (1.01-7.83), <i>P</i>=0.041), hypertension (HTN) and MNA risk (OR = 5.63, 95% CI (2.26-14.05), <i>P</i> < 0.001), and malignancy and mNUTRIC risk (<i>P</i>=0.048). The nutritional risk (all tools) significantly increased the odds of in-hospital death and need for mechanical ventilation. The length of stay was not significantly different in malnourished patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the critical care setting of COVID-19 patients, malnutrition is prevalent. Malnutrition (nutritional risk) is associated with an increased risk of need for mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality. Patients with a history of HTN, CKD, DM, and cancer are more likely to be at nutritional risk at the time of ICU admission.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"5016649"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9295016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40544632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Cognitive Function in Children with Stunting and Children with Undernutrition with Normal Stature.","authors":"Setyo Handryastuti,&nbsp;Hardiono D Pusponegoro,&nbsp;Surastuti Nurdadi,&nbsp;Anita Chandra,&nbsp;Feka A Pramita,&nbsp;Amanda Soebadi,&nbsp;Ivan R Widjaja,&nbsp;Achmad Rafli","doi":"10.1155/2022/9775727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9775727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stunting is the impaired growth and development that children experience from poor nutrition, repeated infection, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation. Children are defined as stunted if their height-for-age is more than two standard deviations below the WHO Child Growth Standards median. According to the Indonesia Basic National Health Survey 2013, Indonesia's stunting prevalence reached 37.2%. Various studies have shown that impaired cognitive development is found in children with stunting and undernutrition. This study aims to determine cognitive development in stunted and undernutrition with normal stature children using the Bayley Scale of Infant Development III (Bayley-III).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study on 51 children aged one month to 3 years who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and who visited the outpatient clinic of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital from June 2017 to January 2018 was performed. Cognitive development was assessed using the Bayley Scale of Infant Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>26 children with stunting and 25 children with undernutrition with normal stature participated in this study. There was a statistically nonsignificant trend toward lower median score percentiles in the stunted group compared to that in the undernourished with normal stature group in the motor (median (range) 1 (0.1-75) vs. 4 (0-79); <i>p</i>=0.183), cognitive (12.5 (0.1-75) vs. 16 (0.1-99.9); <i>p</i>=0.550), and adaptive behavior (7 (0.1-75) vs. 12 (0.1-58); <i>p</i>=0.657) domains.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a trend toward lower cognitive, motor, and adaptive behavior abilities in stunted children compared to undernourished children with normal stature which needs further study. In addition, children with undernutrition have below-average abilities across all domains even before stunting has occurred.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"9775727"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9296298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40529847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Status of Preference, Utilization Practices, and Challenges to Consumption of Amaranth in Kenya and Tanzania.","authors":"Winnie A Nyonje,&nbsp;Ray-Yu Yang,&nbsp;Dyness Kejo,&nbsp;Anselimo O Makokha,&nbsp;Willis O Owino,&nbsp;Mary O Abukutsa-Onyango","doi":"10.1155/2022/2240724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2240724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>African leafy vegetables such as amaranth have been utilized since time immemorial both as food and as medicine. These vegetables grew naturally in most rural environments, but currently most of them are cultivated both for home consumption and for sale. The aim of this study was to identify the most preferred amaranth species and cooking and utilization practices, as well as the beliefs and attitudes that encourage or discourage use of this vegetable. The study was carried out in seven counties of Kenya and in three regions in Tanzania. Twenty Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with members of the community and twenty Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with agricultural and nutrition officers were conducted in the study areas to obtain information on preferred varieties, sources of amaranth vegetables, common cooking methods, alternative uses, beliefs and taboos surrounding amaranth consumption, and the challenges experienced in production and consumption. The findings of the study showed that amaranth is one of the most commonly consumed indigenous vegetables in Kenya and Tanzania. The preference for varieties and cooking habits differs depending on the community and individuals. <i>Amaranthus dubius</i> and <i>Amaranthus blitum</i> were most common in Kenya, while <i>Amaranthus dubius</i> and <i>Amaranthus hypochondriacus</i> were most common in Tanzania. Most people consumed these vegetables because they were affordable and available or because of circumstance of lacking other foods. Regarding cooking, final taste was mostly considered rather than nutritional attribute. Several alternative uses of amaranth such as uses as medicine and livestock feed were also reported, as well as some beliefs and taboos surrounding the vegetable. Training on nutritional attributes and promotion of food preparation practices that ensure maximum nutrient benefits from amaranth is needed at the community level to realize the nutritional importance of the vegetables. Hands-on training and demonstrations were the most preferred modes of passing information.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"2240724"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9233608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40401354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Efficacy of Curcumin and Vitamin E on Inflammatory-Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Primary Symptoms of Menopause in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: A Triple-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili,&nbsp;Alireza Ostadrahimi,&nbsp;Mojgan Mirghafourvand,&nbsp;Khatereh Ataei-Almanghadim,&nbsp;Sara Dousti,&nbsp;Amir Mehdi Iranshahi","doi":"10.1155/2022/6339715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6339715","url":null,"abstract":"Aims of the Study. Reducing estrogen levels due to menopause activates oxidative and inflammatory processes, which causes symptoms of menopause, anxiety, and sexual dysfunction. As a suggestion, potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents such as curcumin and vitamin E could be used as an effective alternative treatment due to parsimony, suitable access, and fewer side effects. Therefore, the present study was conducted to find out whether supplementation with curcumin and vitamin E affects inflammatory-oxidative stress biomarkers and primary symptoms of menopause in healthy postmenopausal women. Methods Used to Conduct the Study. The present study is a triple-blind parallel randomized controlled trial. Eighty-four eligible postmenopausal women aged 40 to 60 years old were randomly assigned into three groups using block randomization with an allocation ratio of 1 : 1 : 1. The curcumin group received one capsule containing 500 mg curcumin twice a day, the vitamin E group received one 500 mg capsule of vitamin E twice a day, and the placebo group took two placebo capsules containing 500 mg of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) daily for eight weeks. Demographic and anthropometric characteristics, dietary intake, and early symptoms of menopause were collected at baseline. Serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured at baseline and after the intervention. Intervention safety and satisfaction with the intervention were also evaluated. Results of the Study. Eighty-one participants completed the trial and were finally analyzed. There were no statistically significant differences in demographic characteristics and dietary intake of participants (except for vitamin C intake, P=0.023) between the groups at baseline. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) score of total menopause symptoms, depression, anxiety, psychological, vasomotor, and physical domains significantly decreased within all groups (P < 0.05). Between-group analyses indicated that decreasing the mean score of anxiety in the vitamin E group was significantly more than in the placebo group (P=0.026). The mean (SD) serum levels of MDA and hs-CRP significantly decreased only in the curcumin group (P=0.009 and P=0.025, respectively). Serum levels of TAC significantly increased in curcumin and vitamin E groups (P < 0.001 and P=0.006, respectively). Conclusions Drawn from the Study and Clinical Implications. Curcumin could improve the oxidative stress (MDA and TAC) and inflammatory (hs-CRP) biomarkers. Vitamin E may also improve the antioxidant status by increasing the TAC levels. The alleviation of anxiety in the vitamin E group was more than in the placebo group. Clinical Trial Registration. The trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (https://irct.ir/IRCT20131009014957N6).","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":"6339715"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9203212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40012585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appropriate Timing and Type of Physical Training in Patients with COVID-19 for Muscle Health and Quality of Life: A Systematic Review","authors":"I. Aryana, S. Setiati, I. Paulus, D. Daniella","doi":"10.1155/2022/6119593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6119593","url":null,"abstract":"Physical activity is beneficial to modulate immune system function and has inverse relationship to ARDS linked with SARS-CoV-2. Physical activity consists of daily activity and physical training. Studies regarding effect of physical training on patients with COVID-19 are controversial. This systematic review aims to investigate physical training on muscle health and QOL in patients with COVID-19. The literature review was carried out using keywords: (Exercise) AND (COVID) AND (Muscle) AND (Observational Study) in several databases of PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). All references were reviewed using critical appraisal Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) checklist. The studies were subsequently screened for reporting exercise, muscle, and COVID-19. The descriptions of the extracted data are guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) statement with GRADE approach. This study is registered in PROSPERO: ID CRD42021295188. Six studies pooled and entered review synthesis. Studies were reviewed using critical appraisal by NOS and CEBM. Two clinical trial studies and four observational designs were selected. Our result showed physical training improved patients' outcomes in the acute phase, critical phase, and post-COVID-19 phase. Multiple types of physical trainings were suggested by those studies, and most of them showed beneficial effects to patients with COVID-19 in different phases. The level of evidence by GRADE was downgraded, and further investigations are needed to establish guidelines and strong recommendation for a specific stage of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47420871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Human Intestinal Microbiota with Lifestyle Activity, Adiposity, and Metabolic Profiles in Thai Children with Obesity","authors":"C. Visuthranukul, S. Sriswasdi, Surapun Tepaamorndech, Y. Joyjinda, Puthita Saengpanit, Tanisa Kwanbunbumpen, Ekkarit Panichsillaphakit, Jaraspong Uaariyapanichkul, S. Chomtho","doi":"10.1155/2022/3029582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3029582","url":null,"abstract":"Background Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota may be linked to pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic disorders. Objective This study compared the gut microbiome of obese Thai children with that of healthy controls and examined their relationships with host lifestyle, adiposity, and metabolic profiles. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled obese children aged 7–15. Body composition was evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Stool samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Relative abundance and alpha- and beta-diversity were compared with normal-weight Thai children from a previous publication using Wilcoxon rank-sum test and ANOSIM. Relationships of gut microbiota with lifestyle activity, body composition, and metabolic profiles were assessed by canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and Spearman correlation. Results The study enrolled 164 obese children with a male percentage of 59%. Mean age was 10.4 ± 2.2 years with a BMI z-score of 3.2 ± 1. The abundance of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were found to be lower in obese children compared to nonobese children. Alpha-diversity indices showed no differences between groups, while beta-diversity revealed significant differences in the family and genus levels. CCA revealed significant correlations of the relative abundance of gut microbial phyla with sedentary lifestyle and certain metabolic markers. Univariate analysis revealed that Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium were positively correlated with HDL-C and negatively correlated with body weight and screen time. Additionally, Actinobacteria was also negatively associated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. Lactobacillus showed positive correlation with acanthosis nigricans and adiposity. Cooccurrence analysis revealed 90 significant bacterial copresence and mutual exclusion interactions among 43 genera in obese children, whereas only 2 significant cooccurrences were found in nonobese children. Conclusions The composition and diversity of gut microbiota in obese Thai children were different from those of their normal-weight peers. Specific gut microbiota were associated with lifestyle, adiposity, and metabolic features in obese children. An interventional study is needed to support causality between specific gut microbiota and obesity.","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2022 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41423659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caffeine Consumption among Various University Students in the UAE, Exploring the Frequencies, Different Sources and Reporting Adverse Effects and Withdrawal Symptoms","authors":"Z. Kharaba, Nour Sammani, Samar Ashour, R. Ghemrawi, Ahmad Z. Al Meslamani, Ahmad Al-Azayzih, M. Buabeid, Y. Alfoteih","doi":"10.1155/2022/5762299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5762299","url":null,"abstract":"Background Caffeine is widely consumed among students due to its cognitive and physical enhancing effects. However, little is known about the consumption pattern of different caffeinated products among university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Aim To investigate the frequency of caffeine consumption among the young population of students, assess types of caffeinated products consumed, and document adverse effects and withdrawal symptoms experienced by university students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the UAE from December 2019 to March 2020. A random sample of 500 university students from different universities in the UAE were approached and asked to complete a self-administered online-based questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26. Results Of (n = 500) surveyed students, (n = 467) completed the survey 93.4%. The average level of caffeine consumption was significantly higher in females compared to male students (p < 0.005). Coffee was the highest favored source of caffeine (67.7%) followed by tea (47.3%). The average daily intake of caffeine was found to be 264 mg/day. Surprisingly, almost a third of students reported a high level of daily consumption (>400 mg/day) and more than half of them consumed less than 199 mg/day. Large proportions of students 91.1% have their caffeinated beverage after or while eating meals and 42.8% considered that this habit helped in avoiding acid reflux. Interestingly, around one third of participants have poor knowledge of caffeine-containing medical products, which seemed to affect the level of consumption in the student population (p < 0.05). The highest reported reason for caffeine intake was for studying purposes (59.4%). Conclusion Caffeine consumption is highly prevalent among university students in the UAE. Yet, there is insufficiency in the current knowledge of safe caffeine consumption patterns reflecting the importance of health awareness programs and nutritional lectures to decrease the long-term health issues and unintentional overdose of caffeine.","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44157900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}