{"title":"Improved reliability of rarely switching CMOS circuits in ULSI devices","authors":"S. Sofer, P. Livshits, M. Priel","doi":"10.1109/IIRW.2012.6468950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIRW.2012.6468950","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, novel configurations of rarely switching ULSI I/O circuits, which provide a \"refresh\" operation allowing for temporal bias removal without any changes in the logic state or electrical characteristics of these circuits, are presented. This bias removal significantly reduces the aging of the circuits and allows for the lessening of design timing margins, thus reducing the overall design costs.","PeriodicalId":165120,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131035014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A means to study reliability based defects in fully processed devices utilizing zero-field spin dependent transport","authors":"C. Cochrane, P. Lenahan","doi":"10.1109/IIRW.2012.6468917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIRW.2012.6468917","url":null,"abstract":"Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) are extremely useful techniques that are capable of defect detection in semiconductor structures and fully processed devices, respectively. The complexity of conventional EPR and EDMR spectrometers involves utilization of strong (>3000 G) highly uniform magnetic fields (B0) and high frequency (typically 9 GHz) oscillating magnetic fields (B1) or higher. These components are typically expensive and heavy. In this study, we directly demonstrate that, in the absence of both an oscillating magnetic field and a large static magnetic field, spin dependent recombination (SDR) and spin dependent tunneling (SDT) can be detected at zero magnetic field. In this zero-field detection scheme, hyperfine interactions can be detected which allow for the physical identification of the defects responsible for SDR and SDT. However, we sacrifice the evaluation of a resonance parameter, the g-value. We observe the zero-field phenomenon in multiple solid state electronic components including MOSFETs, BJTs, diodes, and capacitors suggesting its usefulness for semiconducting manufacturers to incorporate simple automated low-field/zero-field EDMR spectrometers into wafer fabrication/probing equipment to study the defects in solid-state electronics during fabrication. Because only very low fields are required, low field EDMR can be performed easily and inexpensively.","PeriodicalId":165120,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121553293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinhua Wang, L. Pang, Jianhui Wang, T. Yuan, W. Luo, Xiaojuan Chen, Xinyu Liu
{"title":"Degradation of GaN high-electron mobility transistors in voltage step stress","authors":"Xinhua Wang, L. Pang, Jianhui Wang, T. Yuan, W. Luo, Xiaojuan Chen, Xinyu Liu","doi":"10.1109/IIRW.2012.6468935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIRW.2012.6468935","url":null,"abstract":"Voltage step-stress tests on GaN-on-SiC HEMT showed that electric field is a driving factor for degradation. The position of localized damage is corresponding to the high electric field region. A degradation mode different from previous reports is observed, which led to an increase of drain current after stress in certain conditions. We attribute this to the collection of the positive mobile charge under the gate during the stress.","PeriodicalId":165120,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131398216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterization of cell to cell interference in TANOS NAND flash memory","authors":"Byeong-In Choe, Jong-Ho Lee","doi":"10.1109/IIRW.2012.6468918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIRW.2012.6468918","url":null,"abstract":"Cell-to-cell interference in charge trap based TANOS (Tantalum-Alumina-Nitride-Oxide-Silicon) NAND flash memory was investigated. Bit-line (B/L) interference is larger than word-line (W/L) one, which means that the channel coupling by adjacent program string to inhibit string gives larger effect than capacitive coupling to adjacent nitride storage nodes along the string. By separating the total Vth shift into each component, the channel coupling between inhibit and program strings is a main cause to make a large Vth shift. The interference between adjacent W/Ls was also observed and expected to be increased with scale-down. The read operation by applying proper read voltage on adjacent cells can alleviate the unwanted Vth shift from adjacent W/Ls to some extent.","PeriodicalId":165120,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126865826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solder Joint Reliability: An integrated study of Electromigration, Thermal Migration and thermo-mechanical effects","authors":"M. Forde, K. Manning, S. Kudtarkar","doi":"10.1109/IIRW.2012.6468936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIRW.2012.6468936","url":null,"abstract":"Solder Joint Reliability (SJR) is the ability of solder joints to remain in conformance to their visual, mechanical and electrical specifications over a given period of time, under a specified set of operating conditions. There are various accelerated tests that can be performed to assess this. The focus of this research paper is confined to Electromigration, Thermal Migration and Temperature Cycling for Wafer Level Chip Scale Packaging (WLCSP). The goal of this study was to investigate what material sets gave the best SJR performance. It was discovered that a thicker UBM resulted in greater electrical and thermo-mechanical performance.","PeriodicalId":165120,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123585569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Tahi, B. Djezzar, A. Benabedelmoumene, A. Chenouf
{"title":"On-the-fly extraction method for interface-, oxide- trap and mobility degradation induced by NBTI stress","authors":"H. Tahi, B. Djezzar, A. Benabedelmoumene, A. Chenouf","doi":"10.1109/IIRW.2012.6468932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIRW.2012.6468932","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a new method, named on the fly bulk trap (OTFBT) to extract the negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) in MOS transistors. The OTFBT method is based on combination of charge pumping (CP) technique and linear drain current in the same measurement time setup. We emphasize on the theoretical-based concept, giving a clear insight on the easy-use of the OTFBT methodology and demonstrating its feasibility to extract the interface trap ΔNit, oxide trap (hole trapping) ΔNot and mobility degradation induced by NBTI. This method can contribute to further understand the behavior of the NBTI degradation, especially through the threshold voltage shift components such as ΔVit, ΔVot and mobility degradation.","PeriodicalId":165120,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128201230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A generalized time-series data format for efficient exchange, archiving, and analysis of reliability data","authors":"T. Kopley, T. Dungan","doi":"10.1109/IIRW.2012.6468946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIRW.2012.6468946","url":null,"abstract":"We present a generalized time-series data format for reliability data that can be used for all the standard degradation and failure data typically encountered in reliability studies in the semiconductor industry. The format, which we call the Time-Series Data Format or TSDF, allows storage of all metadata associated with a data set, including device under test (DUT) information, split information, stress conditions, measurement definitions, as well as degradation data, and if present, full IV curve data. TSDF can be the foundation of a flexible and useful reliability data analysis platform. It is presented here as a proposal, with the understanding that a common data format would be useful to the reliability community. Suggestions for improvements to the format are welcome.","PeriodicalId":165120,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116098685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The application of a modified Blech product to aluminum-based metallization for increased current density","authors":"K. Manning","doi":"10.1109/IIRW.2012.6468937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIRW.2012.6468937","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation into the Blech effect on aluminum-based metallization shows that modifying the Blech product (jL) to j2L allows electromigration lifetimes for short line segments to be extrapolated to operating conditions. The use of this modified Blech product in calculating current acceleration provides good correlation with n from Black's equation.","PeriodicalId":165120,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115638115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Chenouf, B. Djezzar, A. Benabedelmoumene, H. Tahi
{"title":"Does PMOS Vth shift wholly capture the degradation of CMOS inverter circuit under DC NBTI?","authors":"A. Chenouf, B. Djezzar, A. Benabedelmoumene, H. Tahi","doi":"10.1109/IIRW.2012.6468953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIRW.2012.6468953","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an experimental investigation of negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) impact on CMOS inverter circuit is presented. The study focuses on the contribution of NBTI induced PMOS Vth shift on the degradation of the circuit DC features. This investigation was conducted in order to understand the origin of performance shifts due to NBTI at the circuit level and to properly predict the lifetime of the inverter circuit. The experimental setup was based on a measure/stress/measure procedure, where a series of negative gate voltages at different temperatures were applied via an automated test bench to the circuit under test. The results we obtained show, on one side, the CMOS inverter voltage transfer curve (VTC) shifts under NBTI stress to the left side, as predicted by the theory. This shift implies a shift of the critical logic voltages of the inverter. On the other side, the analysis of the logic threshold shift with respect to the inverter's PMOS threshold voltage shift shows clearly, and contrary to predicted by theory, that PMOS threshold voltage (Vth) shift does not wholly capture the degradation of the CMOS inverter logic threshold shift. In fact, this later is found to be affected by both PMOS and NMOS Vth shifts. Therefore, it cannot be unconditionally assumed that the effect of NBTI on CMOS circuits could be exclusively predicted by only shifting the PMOS Vth.","PeriodicalId":165120,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125568186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Lloyd, S. Adamshick, C. Durcan, Y. Kandel, I. N. Lund, B. McGowan, C. Settens, Z. Zhang
{"title":"Diffusion along triple junctions is this the pathway for narrow Cu conductor lines?","authors":"J. Lloyd, S. Adamshick, C. Durcan, Y. Kandel, I. N. Lund, B. McGowan, C. Settens, Z. Zhang","doi":"10.1109/IIRW.2012.6468943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIRW.2012.6468943","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility that the major mass transport pathway in very thin small dimension metallic nanoconductors is explored theoretically. It is seen that if we consider the triple junctions of the grain boundary intersecting with the cap and/or the liner the observations can be accounted for and that the grain boundary is never an important pathway.","PeriodicalId":165120,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122976681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}