Journal of microbiology and biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"<i>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</i> ATG-E1 Alleviates Particulate Matter-Induced Airway Inflammation in Association with Altered Inflammatory Signaling, Gut Microbiota, and Fecal Metabolites.","authors":"Hyunsoo Cho, Gunseok Park, Hyo-Jeong Yun, Seungyeon Lee, Bokyeong Song, Miji Shin, Young-Sil Lee, Jihee Kang","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2604.04029","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2604.04029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Particulate matter (PM) acts as an environmental trigger for inflammatory airway diseases. This study investigated whether oral administration of <i>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</i> ATG-E1 could therapeutically attenuate PM₁₀ diesel exhaust particle (PM₁₀D)-induced airway inflammation, and explored associated changes in inflammatory signaling, gut microbiota, and fecal metabolites. BALB/c mice were intranasally challenged with PM₁₀D on days 0, 3, 6, and 8, and treated with ATG-E1 or dexamethasone after airway inflammation had been induced. Airway inflammation was evaluated using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology, flow cytometry, histopathology, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunoblotting. Lung transcriptomics, cecal 16S rRNA profiling, and fecal metabolomics were performed, and antitussive and expectorant activities were assessed using ammonia-induced cough and phenol red secretion assays. ATG-E1 reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and neutrophilia in BALF, decreased collagen deposition, and lowered levels of pro-inflammatory mediators in BALF and lung tissue. ATG-E1 attenuated PM₁₀D-activated IκBα and ERK phosphorylation, whereas JNK and p38 phosphorylation were not significantly altered by PM₁₀D under the present experimental conditions. ATG-E1 also reduced caspase-1 and interleukin-1α expression. RNA sequencing revealed a broad downregulation of cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction signaling. ATG-E1 treatment was associated with gut microbiome remodeling, including enrichment of <i>Enterorhabdus</i> and <i>Butyricicoccus</i>, and altered fecal metabolite profiles were characterized by increased branched-chain fatty acids and decreased branched-chain amino acids. Functionally, ATG-E1 reduced cough frequency and increased tracheal phenol red output. Overall, <i>L. paracasei</i> ATG-E1 alleviated PM₁₀D-induced airway inflammation and respiratory symptoms, in association with pulmonary immunomodulation and microbiome-associated fecal metabolite remodeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2604029"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Water-Soluble Curcumin Glycoside Exhibits Superior Anti-Colitic Efficacy over Native Curcumin in DSS-Induced Colitis through Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Gut Microbiota Modulation.","authors":"Seung Yeob Yu, Hyebin Park, Dong Jin Yu, Woo Song Lee, Hyung Jae Jeong, Ju Huck Lee","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2604.04082","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2604.04082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Curcumin is a hydrophobic polyphenol with diverse biological activities; however, its practical application is limited by poor water solubility and low oral bioavailability. In this study, we investigated whether TSP, a previously developed water-soluble curcumin-stevioside glycoside, exerts superior anti-colitic efficacy compared with native curcumin. In LPS-stimulated macrophages, TSP more effectively suppressed IL-6 and TNF-α production than curcumin under aqueous conditions, indicating greater anti-inflammatory activity in a physiologically relevant environment. In a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse colitis model, oral administration of TSP ameliorated disease severity more effectively than native curcumin administered at an equivalent curcumin dose, as evidenced by reduced body weight loss, preservation of colon length, improved histopathological features, and restoration of intestinal barrier integrity. TSP also was associated with altered gut microbial diversity and composition relative to the DSS group, including enrichment of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-associated taxa, particularly <i>Akkermansia</i>. Consistent with these compositional changes, functional prediction analysis revealed an increased abundance of microbial genetic pathways associated with SCFA biosynthesis in the TSP-treated group. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that TSP exerts superior anti-colitic effects relative to native curcumin, likely owing to its improved aqueous solubility and the resulting enhancement of curcumin availability under physiological conditions. The protective effects of TSP appear to involve both direct suppression of inflammatory responses and microbiota-mediated support of intestinal barrier homeostasis. These results highlight TSP as a promising curcumin-based candidate for functional food or adjunct therapeutic applications in inflammatory bowel disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2604082"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Banhasasim-tang</i> Attenuates Corticosterone-Induced Behavioral Despair-like Responses and Is Associated with Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolomic Changes in Mice.","authors":"Seung-Ho Seo, Sang-Mi Kang, Siwon Kang, Yanghee You, Yujin Lee, Mee-Hyun Lee, Chang-Su Na","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2606.06018","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2606.06018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Banhasasim-tang</i> (BHSST) is a classical East Asian herbal formula traditionally used for gastrointestinal disorders, but its effects on stress-related depressive-like behavior and the associated microbiome-metabolome signatures remain unclear. This study evaluated the antidepressant-like effects of BHSST in a corticosterone (CORT)-induced mouse model and investigated fecal microbiota and serum metabolomic alterations. Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to Normal, CORT, fluoxetine, low-dose BHSST, or high-dose BHSST groups. CORT was administered for 21 days, and immobility-based behavioral responses were assessed using the forced swimming test and tail suspension test. Fecal microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and serum metabolites were profiled using untargeted UPLC-QTOF-MS. BHSST reduced CORT-induced immobility time in both behavioral tests. Although alpha diversity was not significantly altered, BHSST treatment was associated with changes in fecal microbial community structure and discriminative bacterial taxa. Serum metabolomics revealed BHSST-H-associated changes in metabolites related to amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, redox-related metabolism, lipid metabolism, and microbial co-metabolism. Integrated microbiome-metabolome analysis identified association-based multi-omics signatures involving selected bacterial taxa, serum metabolites, and immobility-based behavioral outcomes. These findings suggest that BHSST-induced behavioral improvement is accompanied by changes in the microbiome-metabolome profile in CORT-induced mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2606018"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13526893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148840411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Genomics-Based Evaluation of <i>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus</i> KFOM 0134 as a Probiotic against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.","authors":"Yoon-Soo Gwak, Hui-Yeon Suh, Hyeong-Rak Yoon, Somyeong Kim, Chan-Il Bae, Mi-Ju Kim","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2606.06012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2606.06012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lactic acid bacteria are widely recognized for their probiotic potential and their ability to inhibit pathogenic microorganisms through the production of antimicrobial compounds and competitive exclusion mechanisms. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a globally significant human and animal foodborne pathogen and a major cause of foodborne diseases, posing serious public health concerns. This study aimed to develop a probiotic strain capable of suppressing <i>S. aureus</i>. <i>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus</i> strain KFOM 0134 was isolated from salted kimchi cabbage; it demonstrated strong tolerance to acidic and high-bile conditions. It did not exhibit any cytotoxic effects, but displayed significant anti-inflammatory activity and enhanced intestinal adhesion capacity. Notably, KFOM 0134 exerted pronounced antimicrobial activity against <i>S. aureus</i>, highlighting its potential as a functional probiotic. Whole-genome sequencing revealed bacteriocin- and cryptic antimicrobial peptide (AMP)-related genetic determinants, but not any virulence- or transferable antibiotic resistance-associated genes, supporting its pathogenic safety. To further contextualize this strain within species-wide diversity, 402 <i>L. rhamnosus</i> genomes were compared, revealing extensive diversity characterized by an open pangenome structure and clade-associated metabolic differentiation. Phylogenetic positioning and lineage-specific functional signatures provided additional insight into the genetic basis of antimicrobial competence. Overall, phenogenomics of <i>L. rhamnosus</i> KFOM 0134 confirmed its well-defined probiotic potential <i>via</i> experimental validation of functional traits, comprehensive genome-based safety assessments, and the identification of bacteriocin- and AMP-associated genes. These findings substantiate its safety and antimicrobial functionality, supporting its applicability in food safety management and functional food development.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2606012"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13486750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of Genomic Features and Volatile Flavor Production of Yeasts Isolated from Commercial Korean Rice Wine Makgeolli.","authors":"Su Jin Yoo, Jongbeom Kim, Yeon Ju Park, Haeyoung Park, Hye Yun Moon, Sang Wan Han, Seon Woo Song, Seong-Il Eyun, Che Ok Jeon, Hyun Ah Kang","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2605.05009","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2605.05009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we identified and characterized yeast strains isolated from commercially available Korean rice wine, Kooksoondang Yetnal (KY), Haechang (HC), Yangchon Ureongii (YU), and Cheongju Sinseonju (CS) makgeolli products. ITS sequence analysis identified all the yeast isolates as <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>. Most makgeolli isolates exhibited better growth at 15°C than the reference strain <i>S. cerevisiae</i> S288C. Ploidy and whole-genome sequencing analyses of six representative strains revealed that all strains possessed diploid genomes. Phylogenetic analysis based on genome sequences indicated that all makgeolli strains clustered with the Asian-origin sake/ragi lineage. HC-CAU28, KY-CAU1, KY-CAU18, and YU-CAU13 were closely related to the Japanese sake strain K7, whereas CS-CAU12 and CS-CAU26 shared a common ancestor with the Chinese industrial bioethanol strain YJSH1 and Indonesian ragi strain Y9. Compared to S288C, the makgeolli isolates displayed similar volatile flavor profiles but produced higher levels of several flavor compounds, including acetoin, diacetyl, and benzaldehyde, consistent with higher expression of the corresponding biosynthetic genes. Notably, HC-CAU28, KY-CAU1, KY-CAU18, and YU-CAU13 did not produce a clove-like flavor 4-vinylguaiacol (4-VG), reflecting the presence of a nonsense mutation in their <i>FDC1</i> genes encoding ferulic acid decarboxylase involved in conversion of ferulic acid to 4-VG. The 4-VG production activity of the <i>fdc1</i> mutant strains was recovered by introducing <i>FDC1</i> overexpression vectors except YU-CAU13. These findings on flavor production capacity of commercial makgeolli yeast strains, based on genomic information and validated with genetic manipulation, would provide a foundation for developing yeast starters tailored for rice wine with optimized sensory and functional properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2605009"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Microbiome Therapeutic Candidates for Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> Associated with Capsule Biosynthesis.","authors":"Ali Atashi, Hoonhee Seo, Hanieh Tajdozian, Faezeh Sarafraz, Md Sarower Hossen Shuvo, Sukyung Kim, Ho-Yeon Song","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2604.04012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2604.04012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> (CRE) are life-threatening multidrug-resistant superbugs with severely limited treatment options, highlighting the urgent need for next-generation therapeutics that employ novel mechanisms of action. Microbiome-based therapies have emerged as a promising alternative, with several development pipelines actively progressing. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation of efficacy and safety based on mechanistic evidence is critical for the optimal selection of therapeutic candidate strains. So, we evaluated <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Bacillus</i> candidate strains for activity against CRE, assessing their efficacy and safety in the context of mechanistic insights. Cell-free supernatants derived from these strains exhibited dose-dependent growth inhibition and time-dependent bactericidal activity against carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>. All candidate strains exhibited acceptable safety profiles with no hemolytic activity, although bile salt deconjugation and antibiotic susceptibility patterns varied by strain. Mechanistic analyses revealed that treatment with cell-free supernatants significantly reduced the production of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and downregulated the CPS biosynthesis-related gene <i>gal</i>F, thereby enhancing susceptibility to human serum killing. Additionally, a strong correlation was observed between antibacterial potency and CPS suppression, and two relatively superior candidate strains were prioritized based on their dual functional advantages. Collectively, these findings provide a robust mechanistic rationale for strain prioritization and support the strategic advancement of capsule suppression-based microbiome therapeutics for controlling CRE infections into preclinical and clinical development.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2604012"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13486752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Fermentation of <i>Wickerhamomyces anomalus</i> and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> in Bread Dough: Effects on Ethyl Acetate Production and Flavor Enhancement.","authors":"Jeong-Ah Yoon, Young Ho Seo, Myoung-Dong Kim","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2604.04026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2604.04026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fermentation affects the quality of bakery products. <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> is the traditional baking yeast, but the desire for alternative flavor profiles has driven interest in non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> yeasts. <i>Wickerhamomyces anomalus</i>, a non-<i>Saccharomyces</i> yeast with high ester-producing ability, has attracted attention as a promising co-fermentation partner. Although previous studies have explored its co-fermentation potential in alcoholic beverage production, the effects of its co-fermentation with <i>S. cerevisiae</i> on dough fermentation characteristics, bread quality, and flavor remain largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the baking potential of <i>W. anomalus</i> strains isolated in Korean nuruk and to examine the effects of co-fermentation with <i>S. cerevisiae</i> on bread quality. Dough co-fermented with both yeasts showed improved leavening ability and distinct volatile compound profiles compared with single-fermented dough. Specifically, ethyl acetate levels were higher in co-fermented dough than in dough fermented only with <i>S. cerevisiae</i>. Among the strains tested, <i>W. anomalus</i> NIYL25845 exhibited gas production comparable to the control strain KCTC27761 and the highest ethyl acetate production during co-fermentation. Bread co-fermented with <i>S. cerevisiae</i> and <i>W. anomalus</i> NIYL25845 had a similar specific volume and texture to those of bread fermented with <i>S. cerevisiae</i> alone, although the co-fermented bread exhibited higher baking loss. The levels of esters and higher alcohols increased compared with the control (sole <i>S. cerevisiae</i> fermentation), and the ethyl acetate content reached 3.80 ± 0.54 ppm - the highest among all bread samples tested. These results suggest that co-fermentation with <i>W. anomalus</i> NIYL25845 is a promising strategy for enhancing bread flavor without compromising bread quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2604026"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13486751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148794371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echinacoside Attenuates LPS-induced Neuroinflammation and Ameliorates Memory Deficit by Modulating the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis.","authors":"YiXi Zeng, Yanqing Ma, Shunfan Chen, Lanyue Zhang, Hui Li","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2605.05043","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2605.05043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Echinacoside (ECH) extracted from <i>Cistanche tubulosa</i> (Schenk) Wight in a mouse model of LPS-induced neuroinflammation and associated memory impairment, and the potential role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) in this process. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS in mice can induce inflammation, causing learning and memory impairment, and it can also affect the balance of the intestinal flora. The Morris water maze (MWM) experiment, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence chemistry, Nissl staining, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the mice intestinal flora were performed for the study. The results of the MWM experiment showed that mice treated with ECH were able to find the platform faster compared to the model group, with shorter distances moved than the <i>C. tubulosa</i> (Schenk) Wight extract (CTE) group, and they had more platform crossings. Immunofluorescence staining of brain cortex and hippocampal tissues showed that ECH could attenuate LPS-induced neuronal damage and reduce the expression levels of Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) positive cells and the Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α). 16S rRNA gene sequencing of mice intestinal flora revealed that ECH exerted beneficial effects by reshaping the structure of the intestinal flora. Our findings suggest that ECH may be beneficial for alleviating neuroinflammation-related cognitive impairments, providing theoretical support for a new neuro-psycho-pharmacological approach to MGBA-related diseases through restoring intestinal flora homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2605043"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13531004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Bacterial Metabolite Lndole-3-Propionic Acid Alleviates Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury Partly through the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway.","authors":"Bo Zhou, Xiushang Ye, Yuan Tian, Xintong Wang, Xiaozhang Xu, Yi Ren","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2604.04031","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2604.04031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury is a major cause of acute liver injury (ALI). Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolite with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has not been fully explored for its therapeutic potential in APAP-induced ALI. APAP-induced liver injury is often accompanied by dysregulation of both the gut microbiota and the intrahepatic immune system. In our study, IPA levels were markedly reduced in the ALI model, reflecting impaired gut tryptophan metabolism. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> experiments demonstrated that IPA mitigates cytotoxicity, reduces hepatocyte apoptosis, and alleviates liver inflammation, thereby conferring significant hepatoprotective effects. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a key mediator of IPA's effects, was substantially downregulated in APAP-induced ALI and negatively correlated with serum AST and ALT levels, suggesting that AhR may serve as a potential early biomarker for APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Notably, IPA treatment restored hepatic and serum AhR expression and attenuated liver injury. Collectively, these findings underscore the critical role of IPA in modulating AhR signaling and highlight its therapeutic potential in APAP-induced ALI.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2604031"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13506254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148813449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiversity and Natural Product Potential of Indonesian Actinomycetes.","authors":"Erin Karissa, Widya Esti Purwaningtyas, Ganiyu Akintayo Akinniyi, Hiyoung Kim, Inho Yang","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2603.03051","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2603.03051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Actinomycetes are a diverse group of microorganisms that play essential roles in environmental processes and drug discovery, particularly through the production of bioactive secondary metabolites. In Indonesia, most actinomycetes have been isolated predominantly from soil; however, the country encompasses a wide range of underexplored ecosystems, including karst ecosystems, geothermal areas, mangroves, marine organisms, and plant-associated environments. This review analyzes the biodiversity of actinomycetes across different environments in this island nation by constructing a phylogenetic tree based on 152 strains with available 16S rRNA gene sequences. This analysis revealed a broad distribution of actinomycete taxa, with the majority belonging to the genus <i>Streptomyces</i>. A total of 44 actinomycete-derived natural products, comprising both structurally elucidated and putatively identified compounds, have been reported in previous studies. These findings indicate that natural products from Indonesian actinomycetes remain underexplored compared with global reports. Furthermore, this review identified that molecular-level identification remains limited and suggests future studies to increase DNA sequencing efforts and deposit the resulting data in public databases to enhance taxonomic precision and facilitate future research in natural product discovery and phylogenetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2603051"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13442426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148673768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}