Journal of microbiology and biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Biotransformed <i>Platycodon grandiflorum</i> Root Extracts Containing 3-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl Platycosides in LPS-Stimulated Alveolar Macrophages, NR8383 Cells.","authors":"Jeong Won Choi, Hyeok Jin Choi, Chae Sun Na, Hwan Lee, Byung Joo Lee, Kyung-Chul Shin, Jin Boo Jeong","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2408.08005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2408.08005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe inflammatory condition characterized by excessive immune responses and oxidative stress, leading to significant tissue damage. Given the need for novel therapeutic agents, this study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory activity and mechanisms of biotransformed <i>Platycodon grandiflorum</i> root extracts (BT-PGR), which were enzymatically processed using rapidsase PL Classic from <i>Aspergillus niger.</i> The goal was to assess the potential of BT-PGR as a natural treatment for ALI. BT-PGR effectively inhibited the production of NO, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α induced by LPS in NR8383 cells. BT-PGR inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, JNK and p65 in LPS-stimulated NR8383 cells. In addition, BT-PGR suppressed LPS-mediated activation of NFκB luciferase activity. BT-PGR increased the levels of HO-1 and the inhibition of HO-1 by ZnPP attenuated BT-PGR-mediated inhibition of NO production. In addition, the inhibition of PI3K by LY294002 blocked the BT-PGR-mediated increase of HO-1 level. BT-PGR increased nuclear Nrf2 level and the knockdown of Nrf2 by siRNA inhibited BT-PGR-mediated increase of HO-1 level. In addition, inhibition of PI3K by LY294002 suppressed the increase of nuclear Nrf2 level. Based on these results, it can be inferred that BT-PGR exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in rat alveolar macrophages, suggesting its potential as a natural candidate for the improvement of ALI.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Melissa officinalis</i> Regulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced BV2 Microglial Activation via MAPK and Nrf2 Signaling.","authors":"Ji-Won Choi, Sang Yoon Choi, Guijae Yoo, Ho-Young Park, In-Wook Choi, Jinyoung Hur","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2409.09020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2409.09020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroinflammation and microglial activation play critical roles in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Modulating microglial activation may help prevent the progression of these disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of <i>Melissa officinalis</i> ethanol extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation in BV2 cells. Cell viability and nitric oxide (NO) production were assessed using MTT assay and Griess reagent, while inflammatory cytokine levels were measured by qPCR. Key inflammatory pathways, including MAPK, TLR4, and antioxidant biomarkers, were analyzed through western blot and immunofluorescence. Rosmarinic acid content in <i>M.</i> <i>officinalis</i> was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results demonstrated that M. officinalis ethanol extract significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO production and reduced inflammatory cytokine expression. Additionally, it downregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), TLR4, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling pathways (p38, JNK, ERK), while increasing the expression of antioxidant markers, including Nrf2, HO-1, catalase, and SOD2. In conclusion, <i>M. officinalis</i> ethanol extract exerts neuroprotective effects by modulating inflammation and enhancing antioxidant defenses, suggesting its potential in the prevention and treatment of inflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of Heavy Metal-Tolerant and Anti-Phytopathogenic Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria from Soils.","authors":"Soo Yeon Lee, Kyung-Suk Cho","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2407.07013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2407.07013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, by isolating multifunctional soil bacteria that can promote plant development, resist heavy metals, exhibit anti-phytopathogenic action against plant diseases, and produce extracellular enzymes, we hope to improve the effectiveness of phytoremediation techniques. To isolate multifunctional soil bacteria, we used soils with diverse characteristics as isolation sources. To look into the diversity and structural traits of the bacterial communities, We conducted amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene on five types of soils and predicted functional genes using Tax4Fun2. The isolated bacteria were evaluated for their multifunctional capabilities, including heavy metal tolerance, plant growth promotion, anti-phytopathogenic activity, and extracellular enzyme activity. The genes related to plant growth promotion and anti-phytopathogenic activity were most abundant in forest and paddy soils. <i>Burkholderia</i> sp. FZ3 and FZ5 demonstrated excellent heavy metal resistance (≤ 1 mM Cd and ≤ 10 mM Zn), <i>Pantoea</i> sp. FC24 exhibited the highest protease activity (24.90 μmol tyrosine·g-DCW-¹·h^-1), and <i>Enterobacter</i> sp. PC20 showed superior plant growth promotion, especially in siderophore production. The multifunctional bacteria isolated using traditional methods included three strains (FC24, FZ3, and FZ5) from the forest and one strain (PC20) from paddy field soil. These results indicate that, for the isolation of beneficial soil microorganisms, utilizing target gene information obtained from isolation sources and subsequently exploring target microorganisms is a valuable strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotics and the Role of Dietary Substrates in Maintaining the Gut Health: Use of Live Microbes and Their Products for Anticancer Effects against Colorectal Cancer.","authors":"Yi Xu, Xiahui Wu, Yan Li, Xuejie Liu, Lijian Fang, Ziyu Jiang","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2403.03056","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2403.03056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbiome is an important and the largest endocrine organ linked to the microbes of the GI tract. The bacterial, viral and fungal communities are key regulators of the health and disease status in a host at hormonal, neurological, immunological, and metabolic levels. The useful microbes can compete with microbes exhibiting pathogenic behavior by maintaining resistance against their colonization, thereby maintaining eubiosis. As diagnostic tools, metagenomic, proteomic and genomic approaches can determine various microbial markers in clinic for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Probiotics are live non-pathogenic microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria, <i>Bifidobacteria</i>, <i>Firmicutes</i> and <i>Saccharomyces</i> that can help maintain eubiosis when administered in appropriate amounts. In addition, the type of dietary intake contributes substantially to the composition of gut microbiome. The use of probiotics has been found to exert antitumor effects at preclinical levels and promote the antitumor effects of immunotherapeutic drugs at clinical levels. Also, modifying the composition of gut microbiota by Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT), and using live lactic acid producing bacteria such as <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Bifidobacteria</i> and their metabolites (termed postbiotics) can contribute to immunomodulation of the tumor microenvironment. This can lead to tumor-preventive effects at early stages and antitumor effects after diagnosis of CRC. To conclude, probiotics are presumably found to be safe to use in humans and are to be studied further to promote their appliance at clinical levels for management of CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> FB091 in Alleviating Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease through Gut-Liver Axis.","authors":"Soo-Jeong Lee, Jihye Yang, Gi Beom Keum, Jinok Kwak, Hyunok Doo, Sungwoo Choi, Dong-Geun Park, Chul-Hong Kim, Hyeun Bum Kim, Ju-Hoon Lee","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2407.07051","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2407.07051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) poses a significant global health burden, often requiring liver transplantation and resulting in fatalities. Current treatments, like corticosteroids, effectively reduce inflammation but carry significant immunosuppressive risks. This study evaluates <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> FB091, a newly isolated probiotic strain, as a safer alternative for ALD treatment. Using an in vivo mouse model, we assessed the effects of <i>L. plantarum</i> FB091 on alcohol-induced liver damage and gut microbiota composition. Alcohol and probiotics administration did not significantly impact water/feed intake or body weight. Histopathological analysis showed that <i>L. plantarum</i> FB091 reduced hepatocellular ballooning and inflammatory cell infiltration in liver tissues and mitigated structural damage in colon tissues, demonstrating protective effects against alcohol-induced damage. Biomarker analysis indicated that <i>L. plantarum</i> FB091 decreased aspartate aminotransferase levels, suggesting reduced liver damage, and increased alcohol dehydrogenase activity, indicating enhanced alcohol metabolism. Additionally, cytokine assays revealed a reduction in pro-inflammatory TNF-α and an increase in anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels in colon tissues of the <i>L. plantarum</i> FB091 group, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect. Gut microbiota analysis showed changes in the <i>L. plantarum</i> FB091 group, including a reduction in Cyanobacteria and an increase in beneficial bacteria such as <i>Akkermansia</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i>. These changes correlated with the recovery and protection of liver and colon health. Overall, <i>L. plantarum</i> FB091 shows potential as a therapeutic probiotic for managing ALD through its protective effects on liver and colon tissues, enhancement of alcohol metabolism, and beneficial modulation of gut microbiota. Further clinical studies are warranted to confirm these findings in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and Molecular Characterization of Colistin-Resistant Isolates of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> from the Infected Wounds of Hospitalized Patients.","authors":"Munaza Ijaz, Madiha Khan, Haya Yasin","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2407.07005","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2407.07005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was planned to determine the colistin-resistant (CR) gene distribution among two species of gram-negative bacteria, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>. In total, 50 isolates of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (14 isolates, 28%) and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (36 isolates, 72%) were isolated between August 2023 and October 2023 from clinical wound samples at Jinnah Hospital and Lahore General Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. To determine the resistance genes linked to CR and assess antimicrobial susceptibility, all isolates were kept at -80°C in 15% glycerol broth. Using the right primer sets, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was utilized to identify the CR-associated <i>mcr-1</i> gene of the gram-negative isolates. Out of 50, 40 isolates (80%) showed resistance against colistin with MICs of 8 and 128 μg/ml. The majority (97%) of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> CR strains were considered multidrug resistant (MDR). All <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates were resistant to cefepime, cotrimoxazole, ceftriaxone, and imipenem. The clinical CR isolates of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> were highly resistant to ceftriaxone, imipenem, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and piperacillin/tazobactum. The antibiotic resistance pattern was terrifyingly high among both bacterial species. According to the PCR results, CR was prevalent among the gram-negative samples, and the <i>mcr-1</i> gene was positive in 6/40 (15%) of the CR isolates, including four <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and two <i>K. pneumoniae</i> strains. The high CR (80%) reported in this research is cause for concern and underscores an urgent need to use colistin in a limited and logical manner, similar to other antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142348380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Recombinant <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> Expressing Putative Germin-Like Protein from <i>Neopyropia yezoensis</i>.","authors":"Jiae Kim, Jong-Il Choi","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2407.07059","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2407.07059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since microalgae face various environmental stresses for the high production of biofuels, multiple studies have been performed to determine if microalgae are resistant to these various stresses. In this study, the viability of cells under various abiotic stresses was investigated by introducing a putative germin-like protein (GLP) from <i>Neopyropia yezoensis</i>, which was known to be related in the resistance to abiotic stresses. The expression of GLP in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> allowed cells to grow better in various abiotic stress environments. In nitrogen starvation conditions, recombinant cells accumulated the lipid droplet 1.46-fold more than wild-type cells and responded more rapidly to form palmelloid forms. Under high-temperature, hydrogen peroxide conditions and saline stress, the survival rate was increased 3.5 times, 2.19 times, and 3.19 times in recombinant <i>C. reinhardtii</i> with GLP, respectively. The expression level of genes related to pathways in response to various stresses increased 2-fold more under those conditions. This result will be useful for the development of microalgae that can grow better and produce more biofuels under different stress conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carotenoid-Producing <i>Paracoccus aurantius</i> sp. nov., Isolated from the West Coast of Dokdo Island, Republic of Korea.","authors":"Chi Young Hwang, Eui-Sang Cho, Eun Hee Bae, Dong-Hyun Jung, Myung-Ji Seo","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2404.04053","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2404.04053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a novel species within the genus <i>Paracoccus</i> was isolated from the coastal soil of Dokdo (Seodo) Island and investigated. We elucidated the novel species, designated MBLB3053^T, through genomic analysis of novel functional microbial resources. Cells were gram-negative, non-motile, and coccoid, and the colony was light orange in color. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that strain MBLB3053^T was related to the genus <i>Paracoccus</i>, with 98.5% similarity to <i>Paracoccus aestuariivivens</i>. Comparative genome analysis also revealed the strain to be a novel species of the genus <i>Paracoccus</i> by average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values. Through secondary metabolite analysis, terpene biosynthetic gene clusters associated with carotenoid biosynthesis were found in strain MBLB3053^T. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, strain MBLB3053^T was confirmed to produce carotenoids, including all-<i>trans</i>-astaxanthin, by comparison to the standard compound. Notably, the isolate was also confirmed to produce carotenoids that other closely related species did not produce. Based on this comprehensive polyphasic taxonomy, strain MBLB3053^T represents a novel species within the genus <i>Paracoccus</i>, for which the name <i>Paracoccus aurantius</i> sp. nov is proposed. The type strain was MBL3053^T (=KCTC 8269^T =JCM 36634^T). These findings support the research and resource value of this novel species, which was isolated from the Dokdo environmental microbiome.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of <i>Eisenia bicyclis</i> Extracts in Combination with Antibiotics against Fish Pathogenic Bacteria.","authors":"Raul Joao Lourenco Mascarenha, Du-Min Jo, Yoon-Ah Sim, Do-Hyung Kim, Young-Mog Kim","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2406.06027","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2406.06027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aquaculture industry faces significant challenges due to bacterial infections caused by <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i>, <i>Photobacterium damselae</i>, and <i>Vibrio harveyi</i>. The extensive use of traditional antibiotics, has resulted in widespread antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial potential of the brown seaweed <i>Eisenia bicyclis</i>, particularly its synergistic effects with antibiotics against these fish pathogenic bacteria. <i>E. bicyclis</i> were processed to obtain methanolic extracts and fractionated using different polar solvents. The antibacterial activities of these extracts and fractions were assessed through disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. The study further evaluated the antibiotic susceptibility of the bacterial strains and the synergistic effects of the extracts combined with erythromycin and oxyteteracycline using the fractional inhibitory concentration index. Results showed that the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of <i>E. bicyclis</i> methanolic extract exhibited the highest antibacterial activity. The combination of the EtOAc fraction with erythromycin significantly enhanced its antibacterial efficacy against the tested strains. This synergistic effect was indicated by a notable reduction in MIC values, demonstrating the potential of <i>E. bicyclis</i> to enhance the effectiveness of traditional antibiotics. The findings suggest that <i>E. bicyclis</i> extracts, particularly the EtOAc fraction, could serve as a potent natural resource to counteract antibiotic resistance in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Fatty Acid Compositions and Acid Values of Krill Oil Supplementary Products from the Korean Market.","authors":"Ji Yun Lee, Jun-Bae Hong, Bo-Kyung Kim, Seong Bo Shim, Hae Won Jang, Jung-Bin Lee","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2406.06026","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2406.06026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to provide the qualitative data for the 20 commercially available krill oil supplementary products, the levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), fatty acid compositions, and chemical indices, including acid values, of the supplements, were determined. The acid values ranged from 7.4 to 43.7 mg of potassium hydroxide (KOH)/ g of oil. The relative percentages of EPA and DHA in the oils ranged from 14.2 to 34.8 % (w/w). Although all 20 krill oil supplements used 100% krill oil as raw material, the fatty acid composition of 4 samples differed from typical krill oil in terms of the content of myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6), and eicosenoic acid (C20:1, n-9). Accordingly, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety recently standardized linoleic acid (3% or less) and myristic acid (5-13%) as part of the fatty acid components of krill oil. This study provides a reference for analyzing the chemical and nutritional properties and evaluating the adulteration of krill oil supplements in the Korean market.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}