Journal of microbiology and biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Live and Heat-Killed <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> HY7715 Attenuate D-Galactose-Induced Aging-Related Brain Changes and Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption with Gut Microbiota Modulation in Mice.","authors":"Jimin Baik, Hyeonjun Gwon, Joo-Yun Kim, Jae-Jung Shim, Jae-Hwan Lee","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2609.09057","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2609.09057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging is associated with changes in systemic homeostasis, intestinal barrier integrity, and brain function. This study investigated the effects of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> HY7715 on aging-related alterations in a D-galactose-induced accelerated aging mouse model. Male C57BL/6J mice were administered D-galactose for 8 weeks and orally treated with live or heat-killed HY7715. D-galactose increased circulating advanced glycation end products (AGEs), blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, hippocampal inflammation, and aging-related molecular changes, while impairing cortical and colonic tight junction-associated markers. Both live and heat-killed HY7715 reduced serum AGE levels, Evans blue leakage, and hippocampal inflammatory responses, while restoring CLDN5 immunoreactivity, tight junction-associated gene expression, and antioxidant-related gene expression. HY7715 also attenuated senescence- and apoptosis-related changes in the hippocampus and colonic tight junction- and inflammation-related gene expression changes. Gut microbiota analysis showed taxon-specific changes following HY7715 treatment, including significant increases in <i>Bifidobacterium</i> in both HY7715-treated groups, whereas live HY7715 was associated with significant changes in microbial community structure. Several microbial taxa were correlated with serum AGEs, BBB permeability, and neuroinflammation-related parameters. Together, these results show that both live and heat-killed HY7715 attenuated multiple aging-related changes in the D-galactose-induced accelerated aging model, accompanied by changes in gut microbiota composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2609057"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13687644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149231169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemoattractant-Induced Intracellular Calcium Responses Using a Calcium Biosensor GCaMP3 in <i>Dictyostelium discoideum</i>.","authors":"Dahyeon Kim, Hun Jeong, Uri Han, Nara Han, Taeck Joong Jeon","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2607.07011","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2607.07011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcium (Ca²⁺) is a critical second messenger in eukaryotic chemotaxis and development, yet the molecular coordination of its spatiotemporal dynamics across different chemoattractant systems remains incompletely understood. Using the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP3, we characterized real-time intracellular calcium ([Ca²⁺]i) dynamics in <i>Dictyostelium discoideum</i> under two developmental stages. Both cAMP-stimulated developed cells and folate-stimulated vegetative cells exhibited a rapid, transient [Ca²⁺]i elevation peaking at approximately 12 sec, strictly dependent on extracellular Ca²⁺ influx. Genetic and pharmacological analyses using signaling mutants (<i>Gβ-, GCA/sGC-, IplA-, PlaA</i>-null) revealed a universal requirement for IplA and for SERCA-dependent ER calcium sequestration, consistent with a store-operated calcium entry (SOCE)-like mechanism. Strikingly, folate-stimulated vegetative <i>Gβ</i>-null cells displayed an accelerated [Ca²⁺]i transient peaking at 8-12 sec, suggesting a G-protein-independent Ca²⁺ entry mechanism. cGMP and calmodulin act as downstream kinetic modulators rather than upstream gating factors. Together, these findings advance our understanding of the molecular architecture of chemoattractant-induced calcium signaling in <i>Dictyostelium</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2607011"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13696953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149268926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to: Preventive Effects of Probiotic Formula on Metabolic Stress Associated Physical Fatigue in Forced Swimming and LPS-Induced Mouse Models.","authors":"Jae Gwang Song, Hyun Jin Bae, Dong Hwan Lee, Joeun Seo, Bomi Lee, Kum-Joo Shin, Eui-Chun Chung, Jeongwook Lee, Hyung Wook Kim, Nam Su Oh","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2026.3606.C06","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2026.3606.C06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e36006"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13686800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-PD-1 Therapy Alleviates <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>-Induced Liver Abscess by Effectively Activating Kupffer Cells.","authors":"Huaxiu You, Minlie Liang, Houxiong Lin, Ying Liu, Xian Huang, Yuanzhong Gong","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2602.02040","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2602.02040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>-induced liver abscess (KPLA) is the leading cause of pyogenic liver abscess (LA) worldwide. Hepatic Kupffer cells exert protective effects during KPLA progression; thus, elucidating their protective mechanisms and developing novel therapeutic strategies are imperative. A murine KPLA model was established. Hematoxylineosin (HE) staining and tissue bacterial load were analyzed to verify successful <i>K. pneumoniae</i> infection. RT-qPCR, Western blot (WB), and flow cytometry were employed to quantify PD-1 expression in Kupffer cells. PD-1-knockdown Kupffer-cell transfection systems and PD-1-antibody treatment groups were established. Bacterial counts (CFU) and ELISA plus flow cytometry for inflammatory cytokines were used to evaluate the relationship between PD-1 expression and Kupffer-cell bacterial clearance. Finally, the KPLA mouse model was treated with PD-1 antibody to validate the role of PD-1 in LA. In the KPLA mouse model, gross abscess formation was observed, and HE staining revealed disorganized hepatic architecture. PD-1 expression in Kupffer cells was markedly up-regulated, and the proportion of PD-1-positive Kupffer cells increased significantly. <i>In vitro</i>, both PD-1 knockdown and PD-1-antibody treatment enhanced Kupffer-cell bacterial clearance, accompanied by elevated TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 levels. <i>In vivo</i>, the PD-1 antibody effectively treated KPLA. KPLA up-regulates PD-1 expression in Kupffer cells, thereby impairing bacterial clearance. Our findings preliminarily indicate that the anti-PD-1 antibody may have application potential in the prevention or early intervention of KPLA.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2602040"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13686807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Simplified Coralmycin Derivative with Potent Anti-Gram-Negative Activity and Its Congeners Produced by the Myxobacterium <i>Corallococcus coralloides</i> M23.","authors":"Ha-Young Choi, Duc Dat Le, Bo-Min Kim, Won-Gon Kim","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2605.05042","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2605.05042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial infections urgently require new antibacterial agents with novel chemical scaffolds. In our continued investigation of minor metabolites produced by the myxobacterium <i>Corallococcus coralloides</i> M23, we isolated three new coralmycin derivatives, coralmycins J (1), K (2), and L (3), from large-scale fermentation cultures. Spectroscopic analyses revealed that these compounds represent structurally simplified derivatives of coralmycin with varying degrees of truncation. Compounds 1-4 (coralmycins J, K, L, and A) are new natural products isolated in our recent and current studies, while compound 5 (cystobactamid 919-2) is the externally reported reference compound used for comparison. Compound 1 exhibited potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and effectively inhibited <i>E. coli</i> DNA gyrase, whereas compounds 2 and 3 showed no detectable biological activity. Structure-activity relationship studies suggested that the <i>β</i>-methoxyasparagine moiety, ring C, or both, are important for antibacterial activity and DNA gyrase inhibition, whereas rings A and B present in compounds 4 and 5 appear to be dispensable. These findings provide valuable insights into the structural simplification of hexapeptidic coralmycins for the development of therapeutic agents against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2605042"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13686806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcription Regulatory Sequences in Coronaviruses: Mechanistic Foundations for Antivirals and Vaccines.","authors":"Jinjong Myoung","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2609.09039","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2609.09039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronaviruses employ a distinctive discontinuous transcription mechanism to generate a nested set of subgenomic mRNAs (sgRNAs) from a single large positive-strand RNA genome. Transcription regulatory sequences (TRSs)-comprising a leader TRS (TRS-L) near the 5' end and multiple body TRSs (TRS-Bs) upstream of downstream open reading frames-serve as the primary <i>cis</i>-acting signals that direct polymerase pausing and template switching during negative-strand synthesis. The COVID-19 pandemic spurred intensive investigation of SARS-CoV-2 gene expression, yielding high-resolution transcriptome maps, genome-wide RNA structure data, and detailed structural models of the replication-transcription complex (RTC). TRS function is therefore best understood as a multi-scale property determined not by the core motif alone, but by the integration of primary-sequence complementarity, local RNA secondary structure, long-range RNA-RNA interactions, and RTC dynamics. This review provides an integrated view of TRS structure-function relationships, with emphasis on how these features collectively shape sgRNA abundance, junction diversity, recombination potential, and prospects for diagnostic and antiviral applications, including vaccines and therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2609039"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13686802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host-Specific Metabolic Engineering for Microbial Production of Fucosyllactoses.","authors":"Bo Min Kim, You Jin Jang, Hee Yeon Song, Suk-Chae Jung, Jonghyeok Shin, Jae Won Lee","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2608.08032","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2608.08032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a diverse group of bioactive glycans that play important roles in infant health by modulating the gut microbiota, inhibiting pathogen adhesion, and promoting immune development. Among them, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) and 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) have attracted considerable attention owing to their established health benefits and increasing applications in infant formula and functional foods. Microbial biosynthesis has emerged as a sustainable and scalable alternative to chemical synthesis and enzymatic production. This review summarizes recent advances in microbial FL production using <i>Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, and <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i>, with emphasis on host-specific metabolic engineering strategies. Key engineering approaches, including GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis, lactose uptake, fucosyltransferase (FT) optimization, transporter engineering, and fermentation process development, are systematically discussed and compared across microbial hosts. The review highlights the distinct advantages and limitations of bacterial and yeast platforms, including product secretion, intracellular FL accumulation, carbon flux distribution, and redox balance. Finally, current bottlenecks and future engineering opportunities are discussed, including transporter optimization, host-specific metabolic regulation, and industrial process development. These advances provide valuable insights into the development of efficient, safe, and economically viable microbial cell factories for the sustainable production of FL and other fucosylated HMOs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2608032"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13720289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149298142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kimchi Modulates Epithelial-Macrophage Responses in a Caco-2/THP-1 Co-Culture Model of Inflammatory Lipid Stress.","authors":"Ha-Rin Moon, Jieun Lee, Min-Sung Kwon, Wooje Lee","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2608.08002","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2608.08002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kimchi is a traditional fermented vegetable food with potential benefits for intestinal and metabolic health. However, its effects on intestinal epithelial barrier function and macrophage inflammatory responses and lipid accumulation under inflammatory lipid stress remain unclear. We used a compartmentalized Caco-2/THP-1 Transwell co-culture model to evaluate the effects of filtered preparations of spontaneously fermented kimchi (S-K) and <i>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</i> KCKM0828 starter-fermented kimchi (LMS-K). Differentiated Caco-2 monolayers were cultured above THP-1-derived macrophages. S-K or LMS-K was applied to the apical compartment, while the basolateral compartment was challenged with LPS and ox-LDL for 24 h. Cellular responses in both compartments were evaluated using gene and protein expression analyses, immunofluorescence, FITC-dextran permeability assays, and Oil Red O staining. Under LPS/ox-LDL challenge, both S-K and LMS-K attenuated epithelial inflammatory responses, reduced FITC-dextran passage, and increased mean E-cadherin fluorescence intensity compared with the challenged vehicle control, whereas only LMS-K significantly increased <i>TJP1</i> mRNA expression. In basolateral macrophages, apical treatment with either preparation was associated with lower inflammatory marker expression and lipid accumulation, higher PPARα protein abundance and LXRα/β immunoreactivity, and lower CD36 and LOX-1 expression. Overall, apical treatment with either kimchi preparation attenuated epithelial barrier-associated disruption, alongside reductions in macrophage inflammatory markers and lipid accumulation under LPS/ox-LDL challenge. These findings indicate that apical kimchi treatment modulates epithelial and macrophage responses within the compartmentalized co-culture model under combined inflammatory and lipid stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2608002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13725141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149298055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the Tunneled Agar Plate Assay (TAPA) for Microbial Co-culture Screening of Antibacterial Activity against Pathogenic Bacteria.","authors":"Gyeongsik Shin, Hyuntae Kim, Yujeong Kim, Junho Lee, Juyoung Kang, Eunyeong Yun, Taeseop Song, Seunghyeon Ha, Jinhyeok Hur, Haein Lee, Sol Kang, Chaeyeon Kim, Siwon Choi, Jeongmin Park, Garam Kim, Jeongho Lee","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2608.08043","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2608.08043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial co-cultivation is a powerful strategy for unlocking cryptic antibacterial metabolites. However, many existing platforms remain technically demanding and do not integrate co-cultivation with pathogen growth-inhibition screening in a single high-throughput assay. Here, we present the tunneled agar plate assay (TAPA), a 3D-printed 96-well device. TAPA spatially separates co-cultured microorganisms into distinct wells while permitting metabolite diffusion through a shared agar matrix, enabling simultaneous co-culture and antibacterial screening against pathogenic bacteria. Proof-of-concept experiments with ampicillin, aztreonam, and imipenem, together with environmental isolates of known inhibitory activity, confirmed that TAPA reliably detects diffusion-mediated growth inhibition. Visual assessment closely matched quantitative MTT assay results. TAPA was then applied to an in-house library of environmental bacteria, testing all 6,889 pairwise combinations among 83 isolates against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and identifying 106 screening hits that exhibited inhibitory activity not observed under monoculture conditions. Secondary evaluation confirmed that representative pairs, including JH077-SW175 and HH037-KS144, produced clear zones of inhibition against <i>S. aureus</i> only under co-culture conditions. Each isolate cultivated alone showed little or no inhibitory activity. Crude extracts, fractions, and subfractions derived from these pairs retained antibacterial activity in the spot-on-lawn assay. LC-MS/MS-based dereplication indicated that the active features did not match known antibiotics, suggesting previously undescribed chemical entities. Taken together, these results demonstrate that TAPA is an accessible and reusable platform for the high-throughput detection of co-culture-induced antibacterial activity and provides a practical entry point for discovering novel antibacterial natural products.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2608043"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13720290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149298127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Packaging, Liquid-Crystalline Order, and Three-Dimensional Architecture of Dinoflagellate Chromosomes.","authors":"Jeong Min Chung, Toshinobu Suzaki, Yasuhiro Fukuda, Chihong Song","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2608.08034","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2608.08034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many dinoflagellates package exceptionally large nuclear genomes within the dinokaryon, a nucleus that departs from conventional eukaryotic patterns of chromosome condensation, DNA packaging, and mitosis. Their chromosomes remain visibly condensed through most or all of the cell cycle. In many core dinoflagellates, DNA exhibits cholesteric liquid-crystalline order, while canonical nucleosomal chromatin does not serve as the dominant structural framework. This review synthesizes current evidence on dinoflagellate chromosome organization, spanning molecular packaging mechanisms and three-dimensional nuclear architecture. Dinoflagellates are histone-poor rather than histone-free: divergent core histones persist at low abundance, whereas HCc/MBNP-type proteins can be highly abundant in some species, with additional contributions from dinoflagellate viral nucleoproteins, divalent cations, RNA-associated factors, and modified DNA bases. Classical electron microscopy revealed nested arch patterns consistent with cholesteric order and inspired spiral, double-helical, and toroidal chromonema models, although molecular-resolution support remains lacking and fixation-sensitive features require caution. Recent volume electron microscopy and chromosome-conformation studies are revising chromosome counts and nuclear organization. Each of four reconstructed <i>Oxyrrhis marina</i> nuclei contained 398-405 physically segmented chromosome bodies, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) reconstruction of a <i>Prorocentrum cordatum</i> CCMP 1329 nucleus resolved 62 tightly packed chromosome bodies together with an organized nucleolus and clustered nuclear pores, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) studies in Symbiodiniaceae revealed chromosome-scale scaffolds and transcription-dependent domains. Integrating standardized volume electron microscopy, chromosome-scale genomics, cryo-electron tomography, and biochemical reconstitution should connect molecular packaging to whole-nucleus architecture and improve understanding of ecologically important microbial eukaryotes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"36 ","pages":"e2608034"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13725142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149298073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}