Journal of microbiology and biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Non-Catalytic Domains of Glycoside Hydrolase Family 5 from <i>Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus</i> are Important for Promoting Multifunctional Enzyme Activities and Degradation of Agricultural Residues.","authors":"Niendy Virnanda Fatmawati, Apinya Singkhala, Prattana Ketbot, Sirilak Baramee, Rattiya Waeonukul, Chakrit Tachaapaikoon, Ayaka Uke, Akihiko Kosugi, Khanok Ratanakhanokchai, Patthra Pason","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2501.01046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2501.01046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pc</i>GH5 from <i>Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus</i> strain B-6 is a modular protein consisting of a catalytic domain of glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5), and three non-catalytic domains (a family 11 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM11), a fibronectin type 3 (Fn3), and a family 3 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM3). In this study, the recombinants full-length <i>Pc</i>GH5 and the catalytic domain (<i>Pc</i>GH5_CD) were expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and purified. Most GH5 members exhibit endo-cellulase activity. However, the catalytic domain enzyme of strain B-6 exhibited unique properties, showing multifunctional enzyme activities of endo-cellulase, endo-xylanase, endo-mannanase, and endo-1,3-1,4-β-glucanase. The sequence alignment of <i>Pc</i>GH5_CD compared to other characterized GH5 enzymes suggests that the two catalytic residues and the six substrate-binding subsites of endo-cellulases were conserved with other different GH5 enzyme properties. Whereas a few conserved amino acid residues and/or short peptides located outside the active site of the GH5 endo-cellulases may be involved in broad substrate specificity of <i>Pc</i>GH5_CD enzyme on xylan, mannan and 1,3-1,4-β-glucan. Moreover, the non-catalytic domains (CBM11-Fn3-CBM3) linked to the GH5 catalytic domain are important for promoting the multifunctional enzyme activities of <i>Pc</i>GH5 on the β-1,4 glycosidic linkages of crystalline cellulose, highly branched polysaccharides, and β-1,4-1,6 and β-1,3-1,4 glycosidic linkages of polysaccharides, especially for the polysaccharides complex contained in agricultural residues. The full-length <i>Pc</i>GH5 is effective in producing oligosaccharides from agricultural residues without pretreatment. Therefore, it is interesting to use it as a source of prebiotics producer for use in various food products.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"35 ","pages":"e2501046"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms of <i>Pleurotus citrinopileatus</i>: Inhibition of MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways, and Activation of ROS/PI3K/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells.","authors":"Hyeok Jin Choi, Jeong Won Choi, So Jung Park, Sang Hun Lee, Jin Hyuk Hwang, Youngki Park, Kyoung Tae Lee, Jin Boo Jeong","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2501.01012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2501.01012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the anti-inflammatory potential of <i>Pleurotus citrinopileatus</i> by examining its impact on inflammation-related signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Fractions obtained using hexane (HE), dichloromethane (DCM), and ethyl acetate (EA) were found to suppress LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Additionally, these fractions inhibited the phosphorylation of key mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), as well as the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunit p65. The HE, DCM, and EA fractions also promoted the nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Notably, the suppression of HO-1 activity using zinc (II) protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) reversed the NO-inhibitory effects of these fractions. Furthermore, treatment with the HE, DCM, and EA fractions enhanced phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activation, whereas PI3K inhibition by LY294002 attenuated HO-1 expression and nuclear Nrf2 translocation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) similarly reduced PI3K activation and the upregulation of HO-1 and nuclear Nrf2. Collectively, these findings indicate that the HE, DCM, and EA fractions mitigate NO production by downregulating iNOS expression through the suppression of MAPK and NF-κB signaling, while also engaging the ROS/PI3K/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to exert anti-inflammatory effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"35 ","pages":"e2501012"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling of Metabolite Changes in Lettuce Leaves during Fermentation by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>.","authors":"Dong Young Lee, Yu Rim Yun, Byeong-Jun Ji, Sewol Park, Subin Kim, Sun-Hee Lee, Hyun-Soo Chun, Eun Ju Yun","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2501.01026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2501.01026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic profiling is a valuable tool for elucidating the biochemical pathways and key metabolites involved in the health benefits associated with microbial fermentation. In this study, we investigated the metabolic changes occurring during the fermentation of lettuce leaves by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, a widely studied bacterium known for its diverse metabolic capabilities. Through non-targeted metabolic profiling, we identified and characterized metabolites that may contribute to the beneficial effects of fermented lettuce. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), we identified 54 metabolites in the fermented lettuce samples. Additionally, we elucidated the alterations in metabolite profiles during the bioconversion of lettuce using <i>B. subtilis</i>. Notably, 11,14-eicosadienoic acid, 13-docosenoic acid, and oleic acid were either produced or enriched during bioconversion, were identified as potential contributors to the enhanced nutritional and bioactive properties of fermented lettuce. This study underscores the potential of metabolic profiling to uncover the metabolic pathways and specific metabolites associated with health benefits in fermented foods. These findings pave the way for developing functional foods with improved nutritional value and bioactivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"35 ","pages":"e2501026"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Gut Microbiome in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Proliferation, Inhibition, Diagnosis, and Immunotherapy.","authors":"Moo-Seung Lee, Mi-Young Son, Hyun-Soo Cho","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2412.12075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2412.12075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Major causes of HCC include hepatitis B and C viral infections, alcoholic hepatitis, and liver cirrhosis. Additionally, conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome have been identified as contributing factors to HCC development. In recent years, research on gut microbiota has expanded significantly, resulting in numerous studies exploring the relationship between HCC and gut microbiota. Thus, in this review, we highlight the association between gut microbiota and HCC, focusing on microbiota-related proliferation, inhibition, diagnosis, and immunotherapy. The gut microbiota is proposed to play a crucial role in both the diagnosis and treatment of HCC, paving the way for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"35 ","pages":"e2412075"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare and Intermediate Taxa Shape the Gut Bacterial Structure in Neonates and Preterm Infants with Necrotizing Enterocolitis.","authors":"Yu Wang, Qi Wang, Fengan Jia, Dan Li, Xuyang Gao, Xiaoge Zhang, Fan Chang, Yun Xie","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2501.01035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2501.01035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common neonatal gastrointestinal disease with high morbidity and mortality, especially in premature infants. In a prospective case-control study, we aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in the gut microbiota of preterm infants with NEC. Infants diagnosed with NEC and preterm neonates were enrolled in this study, while normal neonates were selected as the control group. The collected samples were divided into three groups: the control group (NC), the neonatal NEC group (NEC), and the premature delivery NEC group (pdNEC). Along with basic clinical data, fecal samples from the infants (<i>n</i> = 39) were collected at the time of the first diagnosis of NEC for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Analysis of the gut microbiota revealed no significant difference in α-diversity between infants with NEC and controls, regardless of preterm birth. The significant difference in β-diversity was primarily driven by the rare and intermediate subgroups. The rare gut subgroup found in premature infants with NEC played a crucial role in the deterministic process and specialized functionality of the microbiota, ultimately forming a sparse association network structure. Finally, multiple biomarkers of <i>Enterococcus</i> from the Firmicutes phylum were identified, providing a theoretical basis for diagnosing NEC in premature infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"35 ","pages":"e2501035"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"7,7-Bis(3-Indolyl)-<i>p</i>-Cresol, a Metabolite from Marine-Derived Bacterium <i>Vibrio</i> spp. DJA11, Suppresses the Proliferation and Motility of Prostate Cancer Cells.","authors":"Sultan Pulat, Eun-Young Lee, Grace Choi, Yoon-Hee Jung, Sang-Jip Nam, Hangun Kim","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2502.02035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2502.02035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacteria such as <i>Vibrio</i> spp. in the marine environment can produce secondary metabolites which have significant potential applications in pharmaceuticals. In a study to discover bioactive secondary metabolites from marine <i>Vibrio</i> spp., the strain DJA11 was encountered. HPLC/UV-guided isolation of the crude extract from this strain has led to the discovery of compound 1. Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the biggest worldwide health issues because of its high diagnosis. CWR22Rv1 (22Rv1) is mutated in WT p53 and AR, C4-2 is derived from androgen-dependent human LNCaP and PC-3 is an androgen-independent cancer cell type. It was found that compound 1 exhibited no significant cytotoxicity at concentrations below 50 μM to human PCa cells, including 22Rv1, C4-2, and PC-3, like normal cell HEK293T. In addition, we presented that 1 inhibited the invasiveness and proliferation of 22Rv1, PC-3, and C4-2 cells by suppressing the activation of p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-STAT3, HSP90, and HSP70. Moreover, treatment with 1 decreased the mRNA expression level of ErbB4, PDK1, STAT3, HSP70, and HSP90 in some PCa cells. Therefore, compound 1 may have therapeutic potential in PCa due to its role in suppressing cancer proliferation and metastasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"35 ","pages":"e2502035"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of <i>N</i>-Glycan Profiles on Binding Affinity of Diagnostic Antibody Produced by Hybridomas in Serum-Free Suspension.","authors":"Tae-Ho Kim, Dae Eung Kim, Hoon-Min Lee, Mi-Jung Kang, Jung Hwa Kim, Jungmok You, Mi Kyeong Lee, Yeon-Gu Kim","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2501.01036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2501.01036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Serum-free suspension culture for hybridomas is one of the important key steps for efficient diagnostic antibody production while maintaining protein quality and function. Based on the importance of <i>N</i>-glycan profiles in therapeutic antibody production in mammalian cells, the effect of changes in the <i>N</i>-glycan profiles on the function of diagnostic antibody must also be validated. To investigate the influence of diagnostic antibodies with different <i>N</i>-glycan profiles on the binding affinity with target antigens, four glycosylation regulators, tunicamycin, Bis-Tris, galactose, and <i>N</i>-acetylmannosamine, were administered separately to diagnostic antibody-producing hybridomas cultures. Supplementation with these four glycosylation modulators inhibited glycosylation and increased mannosylation, galactosylation, and sialylation in serum-free suspended hybridomas. In particular, the diagnostic antibody produced from a culture with tunicamycin exhibited a significant increase in the aglycosylated form compared with those without tunicamycin or with other glycosylation modulators. Surprisingly, diagnostic antibody with different <i>N</i>-glycan compositions did not significantly affect binding affinity with the target antigen and even aglycosylated antibodies did not affect binding affinity. Taken together, the results indicate that the change in the <i>N</i>-glycan profile of the diagnostic antibody produced in serum-free suspension hybridomas in an altered culture environment did not significantly affect their biological function, which provides valuable insight for the production and quality control of diagnostic antibody.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"35 ","pages":"e2501036"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential Bioprocesses for Biovalorization of Shrimp Pond Sludge by Hydrolytic Enzymes-Producing Bacterial Consortia and Photosynthetic Bacteria.","authors":"Chutema Thongsongkaew, Benjamas Cherisilp, Asma Billateh, Wageeporn Maneechote, Sirasit Srinuanpan","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2501.01042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2501.01042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to valorize shrimp pond sludge through sequential bioprocesses using hydrolytic enzyme cocktails produced by bacterial consortia, and photosynthetic bacteria. The production of enzyme cocktails by a co-culture of protease-, amylase-, and lipase-producing bacteria (PAL) was performed in a 5-L stirred tank bioreactor using a low-cost medium. The crude enzyme cocktails were concentrated and used to treat shrimp pond sludge. The addition of enzyme cocktails at 2.0 U/ml based on protease activity led to a reduction of total suspended solids by 40.1% and an increase in soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 3 folds. The solubilized nutrients from shrimp pond sludge in liquid fraction were used as a sole nutrient source to cultivate a newly isolated photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) identified as <i>Rhodocista pekingensis</i>. This PSB was able to grow and achieve a high biomass of 1.30 ± 0.28 g/l and produce value-added bioproducts including aminolevulinic acid (11.77 ± 0.55 μM), carotenoids (166.84 ± 0.03 mg/g dry cell weight), and bacteriochlorophylls (771.47 ± 0.17 mg/g dry cell weight). These results highlight the potential use of enzyme cocktails produced by the co-culture of hydrolytic bacteria to facilitate the biovalorization of aquaculture sludge by PSB and may also greatly contribute to biovalorization of other similar aquaculture wastes into valuable bioproducts.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"35 ","pages":"e2501042"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Evaluation of a Droplet Digital PCR Assay for the Accurately Detecting the CircHIPK3 in Plasma Samples from Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma.","authors":"Yuanye Ji, Ping Tuo, Shun Zhang, Ting Cai, Liyun Fu, Qinzhi Deng, Houdao Fu, Guosheng Gao, Fajiu Wang, Peng Zhu","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2412.12048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2412.12048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an increasingly prevalent malignant neoplasm on a global scale. Circrna HIPK3 (circHIPK3) has been identified as playing a key role in HCC tumorigenesis and as a novel biomarker. In this study, we aimed at developing a sensitive and accurate method for the detection of circHIPK3 in low load plasma samples using a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). We designed circHIPK3 gradient primers and probes and optimized the PCR system to improve performance. Then we assessed and compared the linearity and sensitivity of ddPCR and quantitative PCR (qPCR) using the circHIPK3 plasmid DNA as a template. Using these methods, circHIPK3 concentrations were quantitatively determined in 3 cell lines and 40 plasma samples to assess clinical stability. Within the plasmid concentration range of 3¹-3⁶ copies/μl, the ddPCR exhibited a linear fitting equation of Y = 1.037X-0.1724 with <i>R²</i> value of 0.9940, which surpassed the corresponding <i>R²</i> value of 0.9877 for qPCR. Furthermore, the limit of blank (LOB) and limit of detection (LOD) for ddPCR were determined to be 0.157 copies/μl and 0.594 copies/μl, respectively, which were significantly lower than the LOD of qPCR (5.753 copies/μl). In clinical samples, ddPCR demonstrated a commendable correlation with qPCR, evidenced by a Kappa value of 0.677 (<i>p</i> < 0.05, 95% CI [0.503-0.851]) and an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.903 (95% CI [0.831-0.946]). Notably, ddPCR identified 11 positive samples that qPCR failed to detect. The ddPCR-based circHIPK3 liquid biopsy method emerged as a highly sensitive and accurate approach, lending itself well to clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"35 ","pages":"e2412048"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pinosylvin and Sanguinarine Combination to Enhance Antifungal Activity against <i>Candida albicans</i>.","authors":"Yaxuan Yue, Jing Liu, Chen Li, Fengfeng Chen, Cheng Yang, Bingtian Zhao","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2412.12055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2412.12055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Candida albicans</i> is one of the major sources of fungal infections that can lead to life-threatening systemic infections. However, effective control of <i>C. albicans</i> remains a great challenge. Herein, this study aimed at investigating the antifungal effect of a combination of two natural compounds, pinosylvin (PIN) and sanguinarine (SAN), against <i>C. albicans</i>. In order to investigate the antifungal effect and mechanism of the combination of PIN and SAN, antimicrobial assay, time-kill assay, biofilm formation assay, cell membrane integrity assay, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay were performed. The results showed that the combination of PIN and SAN was more effective against <i>C. albicans</i> than PIN or SAN alone. PIN and SAN could jointly inhibit biofilm formation and thus attenuate <i>C. albicans</i> adhesion and colonization ability. PIN mainly targeting the cell membrane while SAN mainly inducing the cell to produce large amounts of ROS. Besides, PIN promoted the entry of SAN into <i>C. albicans</i>. Finally, the hemolysis experiment demonstrated that the combination of PIN and SAN is biocompatible. Taken together, the combination of PIN and SAN enhanced the antifungal effect against <i>C. albicans</i>, which has a broad application prospect in the control of <i>C. albicans</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"35 ","pages":"e2412055"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}