Journal of microbiology and biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the Correlation between Gut Microbiota and Renal Function in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients.","authors":"Jun Xi, Jiru Xu, Jujun Sun, Huan Li, Siruo Zhang, He Xie, Haining Wang, Rui Zhang, Meng Zhao, Mi Wang, Tian Zheng","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2502.02039","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2502.02039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has recently emerged as a significant, global public health threat, and the gut microbiota are now recognized as playing a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of CKD. In this study, we investigated the correlation between differential gut microbiota and renal function impairment by analyzing the structure, diversity, and other characteristics of the gut microbiota in patients with CKD. Our findings indicated that CKD patients exhibit decreased species diversity and evenness in their gut microbiota compared to healthy individuals, with notable differences in community composition between the groups. Among them, p_<i>Actinobacteriota</i>, p_Cyanobacteria, g_<i>Faecalibacterium</i>, g_<i>Agathobacter</i>, g_<i>Roseburia</i>, and g_<i>Actinomyces</i> were significantly decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while p_Acidobacteriota, g_<i>Blautia</i>, and g_<i>Candidatus-Solibacter</i> were significantly increased in CKD (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, functional prediction results suggested that the differential pathways primarily involved metabolic pathways, including Carbohydrate Metabolism, Glycan Biosynthesis and Metabolism, Biosynthesis of Other Secondary Metabolites, Metabolism of Other Amino Acids, and pathways related to Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases. Meanwhile, correlation studies revealed a significant negative correlation between g_<i>Actinomyces</i> and serum uric acid levels (<i>r</i> = -0.426, <i>p</i> = 0.038), and a significant positive correlation between g_<i>C. Solibacter</i> and serum uric acid levels (<i>r</i> = 0.461, <i>p</i> = 0.023). This study highlights the significant differences in the composition and species abundance of gut microbiota between CKD patients and healthy individuals, while also demonstrating that the abundances of g_<i>Actinomyces</i> and g_<i>C. Solibacter</i> are correlated with serum uric acid levels, an indicator of renal function impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"35 ","pages":"e2502039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and Evaluation of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> LC5.2 Isolated from Thai Native Pigs for its Probiotic Potential in Gut Microbiota Modulation and Immune Enhancement.","authors":"Kittiya Khongkool, Malai Taweechotipatr, Sunchai Payungporn, Vorthon Sawaswong, Monthon Lertworapreecha","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2503.03028","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2503.03028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Probiotic supplementation, particularly with <i>Lactobacillus</i> species, enhances growth performance, maintains gastrointestinal microbial balance, and prevents infections in livestock. This study isolated <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains from the feces of healthy native pigs in southern Thailand and assessed their probiotic properties and safety through both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> evaluations. Nine <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains showed probiotic potential, with <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> LC5.2 demonstrating the best characteristics. This strain tolerated both acid and bile (100% tolerance) and exhibited strong adhesion properties, including high auto-aggregation (69.74%), cell surface hydrophobicity (77.14%), adhesion to Caco-2 cells (9.31%), and biofilm formation. It also exhibited antibacterial activity, inhibiting EHEC, EPEC, and <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium through organic acid production. Co-aggregation with these pathogens ranged from 60.83% to 74.09%. Safety evaluations showed no hemolytic activity, susceptibility to antibiotics, and co-existence with other probiotics. In mice, <i>L. plantarum</i> LC5.2 showed no toxicity, with normal food intake, behavior, and weight gain. No abnormalities were found in the small intestine, colon, liver, or spleen. Mice administered the probiotic had significantly higher intestinal IgA levels. Gut microbiome analysis revealed no notable structural alterations but indicated an increase in beneficial bacteria, including <i>Lactobacillus</i>. These results suggest that <i>L. plantarum</i> LC5.2 demonstrates strong probiotic potential, safety, and benefits for gut health, making it a promising candidate for livestock applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"35 ","pages":"e2503028"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin ECM Provides a Bio-Derived Platform for Supporting Dermal Renewal and Matrix Synthesis.","authors":"Sewon Park, Mi Jeong Lee, Ha Jin Kim, Soojeong Choi, Jung Ho Cho, Seungrok Lee, Seulbi Lee, Yoonhee Jin, Seung-Woo Cho","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2505.05015","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2505.05015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a central role in directing dermal fibroblast behavior and coordinating tissue regeneration through its structural organization and biochemical signaling. In this study, we investigate the composition and regenerative bioactivity of Skin ECM in the context of dermal remodeling as a soluble supplement and surface coating for fibroblast culture. Proteomic profiling demonstrates that Skin ECM preserves the molecular complexity and skin-specific composition of native dermal ECM, including key structural and signaling proteins essential for tissue repair, with over 95% overlap with the human skin proteome, highlighting its strong tissue specificity and biological relevance. Functionally, Skin ECM enhances fibroblast migration during wound healing, upregulates elastin expression, and suppresses transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced expression of profibrotic and inflammatory markers, indicating inhibition of fibroblast activation. <i>In vivo</i> subcutaneous implantation confirms high local and systemic biocompatibility without signs of inflammation or toxicity. Collectively, these findings establish Skin ECM as a bioactive, tissue-specific, and immunologically compatible ECM material, offering broad utility in regenerative medicine, three-dimensional (3D) skin model systems, and dermal therapeutics including cosmetic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"35 ","pages":"e2505015"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Diet and Lifestyle Changes on Gut Microbial Diversity in Healthy Adolescents.","authors":"Juyoun Kang, Yejin Choi, Gi Beom Keum, Hyunok Doo, Jinok Kwak, Haram Kim, Yeongjae Chae, Suyoung Lee, Hyunjin Yang, Sheena Kim, Xingmin Sun, Hyeun Bum Kim, Soo Jin Yoo","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2503.03018","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2503.03018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem shaped by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, with external elements such as diet and exercise significantly influencing its diversity and composition. In this study, we evaluated gut microbiome shifts in adolescents participating in a four-week camp with controlled diets, lifestyle, and a healthy living environment. Stool samples were collected before and after the camp period and analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess changes in microbial composition and diversity. Post-intervention, gut microbiome diversity increased significantly, with notable changes in the relative abundance of taxa such as <i>Lachnospira</i>, <i>Alistipes</i>, and <i>Barnesiella</i>, which are associated with enhanced immune function and gut health. Additionally, functional prediction using PICRUSt indicated an increase in genes associated with energy production and metabolism, suggesting a broader functional impact of lifestyle modifications on gut microbial functionalities. These findings revealed the potential causal relationships between lifestyle modifications and gut microbiome shifts, providing valuable insights into the interactions between environment, diet, and the gut microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"35 ","pages":"e2503018"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Perilla Seed Pomace Extract on Aging-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in SAMP8 Mice.","authors":"Haeun Lee, Tae Youl Ha, Yun Tai Kim, Min Young Um","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2502.02007","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2502.02007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perilla seed pomace and its constituent phytochemicals have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging benefits. However, its effects on aging-related cognitive decline are not well-studied. Therefore, the antioxidant and neuroprotective properties of perilla seed pomace extract (PSE) on hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced neuronal cell death were examined. Additionally, the efficacy of PSE in ameliorating age-related cognitive impairment was evaluated <i>in vivo</i> using the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8). PSE showed free radical scavenging activities and inhibited FeSO₄-H₂O₂-induced lipid peroxidation. In HT22 neuronal cells, PSE protected against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity by restoring mitochondrial membrane potential and attenuating excessive reactive oxygen species production. Furthermore, PSE reversed the H₂O₂-induced upregulation of apoptotic markers (Bax, cleaved caspase-3) and downregulation of the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. Additionally, the protein levels of antioxidant enzymes (Catalase, SOD, and GPx) were increased under conditions of H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. <i>In vivo</i>, PSE significantly ameliorated cognitive deficits, as evidenced by improved performance in passive avoidance and Morris water maze test results. Further, PSE reduced the accumulation of lipid peroxides and significantly increased catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity in the brain. These findings suggest that PSE attenuates aging-related cognitive deficits by enhancing antioxidant defenses in the brain, highlighting its potential as a dietary intervention for aging-related cognitive decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"35 ","pages":"e2502007"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutant Strain of <i>Aspergillus aculeatinus</i> Boosts Total Phenolic Compounds and Sugar Recovery from Coffee Residues via Enzyme-Assisted Extraction.","authors":"Jantima Arnthong, Panida U-Thai, Sa-Ngapong Plupjeen, Piyada Bussadee, Wanlapa Lorliam, Sukhumaporn Krajangsang, Verawat Champreda, Surisa Suwannarangsee","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2412.12061","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2412.12061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coffee residues are a valuable source of phenolic compounds and saccharides, which can be extracted through various methods such as solvent extraction, subcritical water extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction. Recently, enzyme-assisted extraction using microbial enzymes has emerged as a green and sustainable alternative. This study focused on enhancing cellulase and pectinase production in <i>Aspergillus aculeatinus</i> SF-034 through induced mutagenesis and evaluating the mutant enzymes for extracting polyphenols and saccharides from coffee by-products. The mutant QN-247 strain exhibited notably increased enzyme activities, with pectinase and CMCase levels approximately 31% and 120% higher than those of the mutant SF-034 and the wild-type strain, respectively. Scale-up in a 10-L bioreactor further confirmed high enzyme activities, reaching 995.8 U/ml for pectinase and 888.7 U/ml for CMCase. Enzyme-assisted extraction using the QN-247 mutant enzymes significantly enhanced the release of polyphenols (9.0-31.7 mg GAE/g) and glucose (166.7-208.3 mg/g biomass), outperforming commercial enzyme preparations under the assay conditions. These findings highlight the QN-247 strain as an efficient producer of multi-enzyme cocktails that offer a sustainable approach for extracting valuable bioactive compounds from coffee residues and other agricultural by-products.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"35 ","pages":"e2412061"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoparticle-Driven Modulation of Mucosal Immunity and Interplay with the Microbiome.","authors":"Won Jung, Young Min Son","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2504.04033","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2504.04033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mucosal surfaces are dynamic immunological interfaces that play a critical role in maintaining host defense and microbial homeostasis. Disruptions in the interaction between the mucosal immune system and its commensal microbiota have been associated with the onset of several diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, and bacterial vaginosis. This review examines recent advances in nanoparticle (NP)-based strategies aimed at modulating mucosal immunity and restructuring microbial communities. It highlights how organic and inorganic NPs such as polysaccharide-based carriers, lipid NPs, and metallic nanomaterials enhance the delivery and stability of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, and facilitate targeted immunomodulation across gastrointestinal, respiratory, and female reproductive mucosal tissues. NP-based strategies are particularly emphasized for their ability to penetrate mucus barriers, facilitate microbial colonization, modulate cytokine activity, and enhance the restoration of epithelial barrier function. Disease-specific applications, including NP-based therapies for colitis, respiratory inflammation, and vaginal dysbiosis, are also discussed. In addition, this review outlines current challenges related to biosafety, targeting specificity, and clinical translation, and suggests future directions for research. Altogether, NP platforms offer a promising avenue for the precise modulation of mucosal immunity and microbiota, with significant potential in the prevention and treatment of mucosal-associated diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"35 ","pages":"e2404033"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ARTP Mutagenesis of <i>Phanerochaete chrysosporium</i> BZ103 to Enhance Laccase Activity and Transcriptomic Analysis of the Mutants.","authors":"Shuxin Liu, Ting Liu, Jiale Chen, Haizhou Xu, Dianpeng Zhang, Hongwei Fu, Hongxin Zhao","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2502.02014","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2502.02014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laccases (EC1.10.3.2) are copper-containing polyphenol oxidases with broad applications in wastewater decolorization and fabric bleaching. However, the current levels of laccase production by existing strains are limited, restricting their practical applications. Further research is needed to improve laccase production and understand their secretion mechanisms in white-rot fungi. In this study, atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis was performed on the white-rot fungus <i>Phanerochaete chrysosporium</i> BZ103, resulting in the selection of two laccase-hyperproducing mutants, Tx426 and Wx089, with 45 and 30% higher titers, respectively. Transcriptome sequencing revealed 272 upregulated and 226 downregulated genes in the mutant strain Tx426 compared to the original strain (CK), as well as 434 upregulated and 228 downregulated genes in Wx089. Notably, the multicopper oxidase genes <i>mco3B</i> and <i>mco2A</i> were significantly upregulated in the laccase-hyperproducing mutants, with expression levels increased by 2.03 and 2.33 times for Tx426 vs. CK, as well as by 1.14 and 1.33 times for Wx089 vs. CK. Based on the transcriptome analysis results, the multicopper oxidase genes <i>mco3B</i> and <i>mco2A</i> were significantly up-regulated in the high-yielding laccase mutant strain. Although there is no direct evidence that they are mutated, the significant changes in gene expression are closely related to the enhancement of laccase activity. This study preliminarily analyzed the possible factors related to the synthesis and regulation of laccase in the mutants of <i>P. chrysosporium</i>. The significantly upregulated multicopper oxidase genes <i>mco3B</i> and <i>mco2A</i> in the mutants may play important roles, but the specific mechanism requires further in - depth research.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"35 ","pages":"e2502014"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of the Culture Conditions of Lactic Acid Bacteria for Antimicrobial Activity and Mass Production of Cyclic Dipeptides.","authors":"Rui Liu, Gwihwi Shin, Yanggyun No, Jieun Shin, Saouk Kang, Phumbum Park","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2408.08007","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2408.08007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) are secondary metabolites from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) known for their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. Here, we investigated CDPs to optimize culture media and boost their production in LAB. The optimal conditions and ratio of <i>Lb. plantarum</i> LBP-K10 to <i>Leu. mesenteroides</i> LBP-K06 (temperature, time, stationary or shaking conditions, carbon or nitrogen source, etc.) were determined through step-by-step optimization. The two strains (K10:K06 = 7:3), cultured together at 30°C for 48 h in stationary conditions, resulted in enhanced antibacterial effectiveness. This was evident against <i>B. subtilis</i> ATCC 9372 (clear zone size of 22.6 ± 2.3 mm), <i>E. coli</i> S-99 (14.8 ± 1.8 mm), <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum ATCC 9184 (27.6 ± 2.4 mm), <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> KCTC2471 (13.2 ± 3.2 mm), and <i>S. aureus</i> KACC 10768 (12.0 ± 2.1 mm). These results surpassed the clear zone sizes of 13.2 ± 1.4 mm, 12.0 ± 2.2 mm, 19.3 ± 1.0 mm, 9 ± 0.5 mm, and 9.8 ± 0.7 for each corresponding bacterium, respectively, in K10-alone control groups (37°C for 48 h in conventional medium). We further confirmed the production of these cyclodipeptides within cultures. When LBP-K10 and LBP-K06 were co-cultured at a 7:3 ratio under stationary conditions at 30°C for 48 h with 4% sucrose and 1.5% mixed amino acids supplementation, the total production of cyclo(Leu-Pro) and cyclo(Phe-Pro) exceeded that of the LBP-K10 mono-culture by more than 35%, reaching 6.65 ppm compared to 4.91 ppm. These findings hold significant potential for industrial-scale production of CDPs and related products.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"35 ","pages":"e2408007"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Profiling and Immune-Stimulating Activity of Solvent Fractions Derived from Dietary <i>Chlorella</i>.","authors":"Seung-Woo Jo, Priyanka Velankanni, Nhung Do Thi Cam, Chau Hoang Bao Nguyen, Jin-Young Jeon, Bo-Ra Kim, Dae-Hee Lee, Choong-Gu Lee, Jin-Soo Park","doi":"10.4014/jmb.2503.03021","DOIUrl":"10.4014/jmb.2503.03021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chlorella, a genus of single-celled green algae, is widely industrially cultivated as a dietary supplement ingredient due to its high protein content and various nutrients. In this study, the immune-stimulating effect of solvent fractions prepared from <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> (CV) and <i>Chlorella protothecoides</i> (CP) was evaluated through the expression of immune-related factors, such as TNF-α and IFN-γ in T cells obtained from mice. Both <i>Chlorella</i> species showed immunostimulatory effects in hexane and butanol fractions, but CV increased TNF-α only, while CP elevated both TNF-α and IFN-γ. In addition, the lipid profile of <i>Chlorella</i> was characterized using non-selective LC-MS/MS-based metabolomic analysis. According to the lipidomic results, the two species differed in lipid composition, with PC 32:1, PC 32:2, PC 34:5, DGDG 34:4, and DGDG 34:5 being enriched in the active fractions of CV, and PC 34:1, PC 34:2, PC O-15:2 and DGTS 34:4 being abundant in the fractions of CP. Furthermore, 5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA), which was detected in both <i>Chlorella</i> species, also exhibited immunostimulatory properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":16481,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiology and biotechnology","volume":"35 ","pages":"e2503021"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}