Journal of food protection最新文献

{"title":"Environmental Monitoring of Nebraska Ready-to-eat Meat Processing Establishments Resulted in the Isolation of Listeria Alongside Pseudomonas Highly Resistant to Quaternary Ammonia Sanitizer","authors":"Samuel C. Watson ,&nbsp;Alison C. Neujahr ,&nbsp;Byron D. Chaves ,&nbsp;Samodha C. Fernando ,&nbsp;Gary A. Sullivan","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Robust environmental monitoring for <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> often may not be feasible for small and very small meat processors in the United States due to the limitations in finances, staffing, or expertise. Three small/very small processors in Nebraska were sampled using sponge applicators in nonfood contact surface areas to determine if biofilm and sanitizer resistance behaviors of <em>Pseudomonas</em> could relate to the prevalence of <em>L. monocytogenes</em> and <em>Listeria</em> spp. in ready-to-eat meat processing environments. Samples were 3.3% (3/90) positive for <em>L. monocytogenes,</em> and 12.2% (11/90) of samples were positive for <em>Listeria</em> spp. <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp. were also isolated. When <em>Listeria</em> spp. and <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp. were assayed for biofilm production and resistance to a quaternary ammonia sanitizer, multiple isolates belonging to both genera capable of forming biofilms were identified. Four <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp. isolates resisted the 200 ppm manufacturer-recommended sanitizer concentration for food contact surface sanitation, and one <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp. isolated from a drain sample that was also positive for <em>L. monocytogenes</em> demonstrated a sanitizer minimum bactericidal concentration of 1000 ppm. These findings further support the need for monitoring of small and very small meat processors for <em>L. monocytogenes</em> as well as highlight the need to identify other bacteria in these processing environments, like <em>Pseudomonas,</em> that are resistant to environmental stressors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"87 12","pages":"Article 100391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Food Safety Hazards in Pigs and Broilers from Intensive and Extensive Production Systems: A Literature Review","authors":"Rosa A. Safitri,&nbsp;Esther D. van Asselt","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Consumer demand for meat from extensive production (e.g., organic, free-range, and antimicrobial-free) is increasing, partly due to consumers’ perception that these types are safer than conventional meats. This review compared food safety hazards (namely, zoonotic parasites, bacterial pathogens, antimicrobial resistance, and chemical hazards) from pigs and broilers raised in intensive and extensive systems in Northern and Western European countries and the United States. Our findings showed that hazard occurrence between livestock production systems varied depending on the hazard. Pigs and broilers from extensive systems showed a higher prevalence of <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>. Pathogen prevalence in pigs did not appear to be affected by production systems, while no clear conclusion could be drawn for broilers due to conflicting findings. Higher antimicrobial resistance (AMR) prevalence was common in pig and broiler samples from intensive farming, although samples from extensive farming were not free of AMR either. Studies on chemical hazards were limited, showing generally low contaminant levels in both production systems, including persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, mycotoxins, pesticide residues, and antimicrobial residues. Therefore, more studies on chemical hazards are recommended to fill this data gap. Various factors associated with specific production systems could influence hazard prevalence, e.g., indoor confinement, outdoor access, antimicrobial policy, and slaughtering age. Regardless of the production system, other factors, such as seasonal variation and biosecurity levels, were also important.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"87 12","pages":"Article 100389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informative Value of a Sample Investigation with a Predefined Sample Size using the Example of Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety","authors":"Cara Förster ,&nbsp;Katja Nordhoff ,&nbsp;Jörg Fritzemeier ,&nbsp;Fritjof Freise ,&nbsp;Lothar Kreienbrock","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foodborne diseases, especially those caused by zoonotic agents, pose a significant threat to human health. Food business operators are therefore responsible for producing safe food. To do this, they must regularly carry out appropriate sample investigations to detect zoonotic agents in their food before it leaves the factory. Depending on the issue investigated, there may be legal requirements for food business operators, usually specifying minimum sample sizes, such as Commission Regulation (EU) No 2073/2005. However, in most cases, there is no information on the precision, and therefore, on the significance of the results for these sample sizes.</div><div>Regulatory veterinary authorities have a control function and, as a result, they are required to regularly evaluate the available investigations and their results. In addition, in certain crisis situations (e.g., foodborne outbreaks or suspected food contamination), authorities may guide food business operators in their investigations and conduct their own investigations to assess food safety measures. In such cases, as there are no legally defined sample sizes to be taken, the appropriate sample sizes must be determined by the authorities. This can lead to a conflict between the need for feasibility and the need for conclusiveness of the investigation potentially being a challenge for the regulatory authority in charge.</div><div>This paper highlights the importance of thoughtful study design and the critical communication of available results by veterinary authorities on the background of a use case involving <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> findings in a crisis situation. Using the minimum sample size, <em>n</em> = 5, required by Commission Regulation (EU) No 2073/2005 for the pathogen <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> as a guide, the uncertainties associated with small sample sizes are highlighted. It also aims to facilitate the evaluation of studies performed and the assessment of further sample sizes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"87 12","pages":"Article 100388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Combined Use of High Pressure Processing and Lactic Acid Containing Fermentate on Inactivation of Salmonella, Shiga Toxin-producing E. coli, and Listeria monocytogenes in Raw Pet Foods","authors":"Alvin Lee ,&nbsp;Nicole Maks-Warren ,&nbsp;Viviana Aguilar ,&nbsp;Brittany Swicegood ,&nbsp;Lindsay Halik ,&nbsp;Joshua Warren ,&nbsp;Edward O’Neill ,&nbsp;Jason Meents ,&nbsp;Susy Tejayadi","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Raw meat pet foods can pose health risks to pets and humans. High-pressure processing (HPP) was used in a previous study to demonstrate its effectiveness in achieving a 5-log reduction of <em>Salmonella</em>, <em>E. coli</em> STEC, and <em>L. monocytogenes</em> in commercially available raw pet foods and maintaining the 5-log reduction throughout shelf-life with frozen storage being more effective than refrigerated. <em>L. monocytogenes</em>, being more HPP resistant, could potentially regrow when stored at refrigeration temperatures and required further optimization. Chicken-based raw diet pet food was inoculated with 7–8 log CFU/g cocktails of <em>Salmonella</em> spp., <em>E. coli</em> STEC, or <em>L. monocytogenes</em> and stored at 4 °C for 24 h before the addition of either 0.7% or 1.0% w/v lactic acid fermentate (LAF) and HPP treated at 586 MPa for 2, 3, and 4 min after 24 or 72 h storage at 4 °C. HPP-treated products were stored frozen (−10 to −16 °C) up to 21 days with microbiological analyses on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21. All HPP-and LAF-treated samples demonstrated a 5-log reduction of <em>Salmonella</em> spp., <em>E. coli</em> STEC, and <em>L. monocytogenes</em>. Samples without LAF and HPP treated after 24 h storage at 4 °C resulted in an average 4.02 log cfu/g reduction of <em>L. monocytogenes</em> with 2 min HPP hold time while longer HPP hold times at 4 min improved <em>L. monocytogenes</em> reduction by 0.35 log cfu/g. <em>E. coli</em> was found to be more HPP resistant in this study than <em>L. monocytogenes</em> and the addition of LAF had a significant impact on the overall pathogen survival during post-HPP storage. Based on qualitative enrichment data for each pathogen, the use of LAF resulted in more complete inactivation compared to samples without LAF. The use of 1% LAF in combination with 586 MPa for 4 min was found to be most effective for the inactivation of <em>Salmonella</em> spp., <em>E. coli</em> STEC, and <em>L. monocytogenes</em>. The findings are significant as it provides both formulation and processing controls to ensure the safety of raw diet pet foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"87 12","pages":"Article 100390"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Predictive Model for Growth of Salmonella Infantis in Ground Turkey","authors":"Thomas P. Oscar","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most retail samples (25 g) of ground turkey contain no or low levels of <em>Salmonella</em>. However, temperature abuse after retail can lead to spread and growth of <em>Salmonella</em> in the package. In addition, it can lead to levels that pose a significant risk of salmonellosis. This is especially true when the serotype is a top human clinical isolate, like Infantis. Therefore, the current study was undertaken to develop and validate a predictive model for the growth of <em>Salmonella</em> Infantis in ground turkey subjected to temperature abuse. The purpose was to fill a gap for serotype-specific data and models in risk assessments for this pathogen and food combination. Storage trials with a low initial inoculum (0.85 log₁₀) of <em>Salmonella</em> Infantis in commercial ground turkey samples (0.2 g) with native microflora were conducted at 16–40 °C for 0–28 h. <em>Salmonella</em> was enumerated in ground turkey samples using an automated, whole sample enrichment, miniature, most probable number (MPN) assay. The MPN data were fitted to a three-phase linear primary model. Secondary models for primary model parameters were developed and used in the primary model to create a tertiary model that predicted the growth of <em>Salmonella</em> Infantis in ground turkey as a function of time and temperature. Data and tertiary model predictions were evaluated using the test data, model performance, and model validation criteria of the Acceptable Prediction Zones method in the Validation Software Tool. The tertiary model predictions were considered to have acceptable bias and accuracy when the proportion of residuals (observed − predicted) in the partly and fully acceptable prediction zones (pAPZ) was ≥0.7. The overall pAPZ of the tertiary model was 0.866 for dependent data (<em>n</em> = 406) and 0.853 for independent data for interpolation (<em>n</em> = 177). However, there were local prediction problems that limited the validated prediction range to a region from 0 to 8 h at 16–40 °C. Nonetheless, this validation range was sufficient to simulate temperature abuse of ground turkey during meal preparation in the consumers’ home. Thus, the model fills an important data and modeling gap in risk assessments for <em>Salmonella</em> and ground turkey. Additional data are needed to repair and fully validate the model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"87 12","pages":"Article 100387"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observation of Food Handlers’ Hand Hygiene Behavior During Production at a Sandwich-making Factory","authors":"Abuzar I.A. Mohamed ,&nbsp;Ellen W. Evans","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective hand hygiene is essential during food production to reduce the risk of microbiological contamination. Improper hand hygiene by food handlers can be a major contributing factor in the spread of foodborne illnesses. Self-reported behavior does not equate to actual behavior as it has the limitation of biases. Therefore, observational data are more effective at assessing the actual behavior of food handlers. Covert observation utilizing closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras can yield reliable data. This study utilized covert observation to assess hand hygiene compliance from CCTV footage of food handlers in a sandwich-making facility. An electronic observation checklist, based upon the company’s hand-hygiene protocol, was used to capture observed hand hygiene practices. A total of 588 occasions that required hand hygiene practices by food handlers (<em>n</em> = 12) were observed during the production of ready-to-eat (RTE) sandwiches over 16 h during two shifts. Food handlers did not wash their hands on 32% of occasions which required food hygiene practices. Of those occasions where there was an attempt to implement hand hygiene practices (<em>n</em> = 401), only 1% of behaviors were compliant with the company hand hygiene protocol. Observations indicated that 95% of attempts did not adhere to the recommended handwashing duration (≥20 s). Soap was not used in 4% of attempts, and hands were not wetted prior to applying soap in 16% of attempts. Additionally, 62% of attempts did not use hand sanitizer after handwashing and drying. Food handlers were observed attempting hand hygiene practices significantly more frequently (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) when entering (89% of occasions) than exiting (8% of occasions) the production area. Findings indicate that appropriate interventions are needed to improve hand hygiene compliance of food handlers to ensure food is produced safely within the food manufacturing sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"87 12","pages":"Article 100386"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment and Association of the World Health Organization’s Five Keys to Food Safety Among Selected Food Truck Operators Demographic in Jeddah City","authors":"Nargis Begum Javed ,&nbsp;Mohammed AL-Mohaithef","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that food handlers play a significant role in the maintenance of food safety from food production to storage. This study aims to assess the implementation of WHO five keys to safer food in the food trucks in Jeddah city. This study was an observational study. A total of 103 registered and licensed food trucks in Jeddah were selected using the opportunity sampling method. The WHO’s five keys to safer food questionnaire was used by the researchers to inspect and evaluate the hygiene status of food trucks. A chi-square test was used to assess the association between the demographic characteristics of food truck handlers and the implementation of the variables used to evaluate WHO’s five keys to safer food in their food trucks. <em>P</em> value &lt; 0.05 was considered significant. The participation rate was 64.4% (103/160). Most food truck handlers were older than 30 years (55.3%), were men (81.6%), had secondary-level education (40.8%), and were Saudi nationals (69.9%). More than 50% of food truck handlers had less than three years of experience in business, and 67% of food truck handlers had undergone training in food handling. The researchers found good implementation of Key 5c. – “Water from cans/bottles used for cooking” (93.2%), followed by Key 1a. “Cleaning and disinfecting done periodically” (78.6%), and poor implementation for Key 3a. – “Calibrated thermometers are used to check temperatures” (30.1%) in the food trucks. The overall implementation score of WHO’s five keys to safer food was found to be good (score ≥ 8) in 57.3% of food trucks. Food handlers’ age, gender, and training in food handling indicated a significant association with the implementation of WHO’s five keys to safer food. The exposure of food handlers to food handling training indicated a significant association with good implementation of all five keys to safer food.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"87 12","pages":"Article 100364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Subinhibitory Concentrations of Ɛ-polylysine, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Lauric Arginate on Listeria monocytogenes Virulence","authors":"Stephanie R.B. Brown ,&nbsp;Lang Sun ,&nbsp;Catherine A. Gensler,&nbsp;Dennis J. D’Amico","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent studies on the use of plant-derived and other bioactive compounds and antimicrobials in food have challenged the idea that exposure to antimicrobials at sublethal or subinhibitory concentrations (SICs) increases the virulence potential of bacterial pathogens including <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of exposure to SICs of Ɛ-polylysine (EPL), hydrogen peroxide (HP), and lauric arginate (LAE) on <em>L. monocytogenes</em> virulence. For all assays, <em>L. monocytogenes</em> strains Scott A and 2014L-6025 were grown to mid-log phase in the presence of SICs of EPL, HP, or LAE. Motility was determined by spot inoculating cultures on soft brain heart infusion agar (0.3% agar). Cultures grown in SICs of antimicrobials were also inoculated onto Caco-2 cells (10:1 MOI) to determine the effects on subsequent adhesion and invasion. Last, the relative expression of key virulence genes (<em>prfA, plcB, hlyA, actA, inlA, inlB, sigB,</em> and <em>virR</em>) following growth in SICs was determined by RT-qPCR. Results indicate that <em>L. monocytogenes</em> growth in the presence of SICs of EPL, HP, or LAE did not affect the motility, adhesion, or invasion capacity of either strain. Changes in gene expression were observed for both <em>L. monocytogenes</em> strains. More specifically, SICs of EPL and LAE reduced <em>hlyA</em> expression in Scott A, whereas SICs of EPL and HP increased the expression of <em>virR</em>. The upregulation of <em>sigB</em> and <em>actA</em> in the presence of EPL and LAE, respectively, was observed in strain 2014L-6025. These findings indicate that exposure to SICs of these antimicrobials has varying effects on <em>L. monocytogenes</em> that differ by strain. Although no phenotypic effects were observed in terms of motility, adhesion, and invasion, the observed changes in virulence gene expression warrant further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"87 12","pages":"Article 100385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Locally Produced Fish and Imported Fish Sold in the Centre Region of Cameroon","authors":"Frédéric Moffo ,&nbsp;Mohamed Moustapha Fokom Ndebé ,&nbsp;Isaac Dah ,&nbsp;Esther NNeme Nkolo ,&nbsp;Ronald Vougat Ngom ,&nbsp;Fabiola Nango Madjeue ,&nbsp;Abel Wade ,&nbsp;Hélène Tiomo ,&nbsp;Victor Ngu Ngwa ,&nbsp;Mohamed Moctar Mouliom Mouiche","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a significant threat to global health, with the World Health Organization (WHO) classifying it among the top 10 public health threats. However, more epidemiological information is needed to support policy and stewardship programs. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles of <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp<em>.</em> isolated from locally produced and imported fish sold in markets in the Mfoundi Division of the Centre Region of Cameroon. A total of 11 <em>E . coli</em> and 28 <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp. strains were isolated from the 100 fish samples collected in the study area. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for 16 antimicrobial agents using the disk diffusion method. Overall, multidrug resistance rates of 54.54% (95% confidence interval: 26.9–82.1) and 60.7% (95% confidence interval: 43.7–77.7) were obtained for <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp., respectively. The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant <em>E . coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp. strains was significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) higher in locally produced fish (18.6%; 32.6%) than in imported fish (5.3%; 24.6%). According to the WHO Essential Medicines List Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification, the antimicrobial resistance profile of <em>E. coli</em> strains isolates ranged from 5% to 45% for antimicrobials classified as Access and Watch. For <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp., the antimicrobial resistance profile ranges from 7% to 60% for drugs categorized as Access, whereas it ranges from 25% to 100% for drugs belonging to the Watch category. This study revealed that locally produced fish were more contaminated by antimicrobial-resistant <em>E. coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp. than imported fish. The continuous awareness of fish farmers about the appropriate use of aqua drugs is one of the cornerstones for reducing the risk of antimicrobial resistance related to public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"87 12","pages":"Article 100377"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Irrigation Source on the Dissemination and Persistence of Coliforms and Foodborne Pathogens in Fresh Tomato High Tunnel-dripline System from Small Specialty Crop Farms","authors":"Loic Deblais ,&nbsp;Mike Kauffman ,&nbsp;Gireesh Rajashekara","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the impact of irrigation sources (pond, stream, and well) in high tunnel-dripline systems on the dissemination and persistence of foodborne pathogens (<em>Escherichia coli</em> O157<em>, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter</em> spp., <em>Salmonella</em> spp., and the ‘big six’ Shiga toxin-producing <em>E. coli</em> [STEC]) in small specialty crop farms (SSCFs). Ten SSCF-growing fresh tomatoes using high tunnel-dripline systems were sampled between January and November 2022. Selective enrichment combined with PCR was used to detect the selected foodborne pathogens in the irrigation water (<em>n</em> = 240), soil (<em>n</em> = 240), and tomato fruits (<em>n</em> = 120). Overall, surface-originated water sources (streams and ponds) having potential contact with farm animals or wildlife harbored higher pathogen burden (cumulative prevalence of all the pathogens) compared to subsurface water source (well and underground spring water). STEC O26, O45, and O103 were detected at high frequency (up to 88% per SSCF per time point) in the water source and associated dripline irrigation system of 4/6 SSCFs using stream and pond water. Other foodborne pathogens (especially, <em>L. monocytogenes</em>) were detected in 6/10 SSCFs, but at low frequency (&lt;25% per SSCF per time point). The prevalence of foodborne pathogens in the 10 SSCFs over time was positively correlated with the length of high tunnel and planting date (<em>r</em>² = 0.93 and 0.79, respectively; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.006). Our study highlighted that dripline irrigation systems may allow the long-distance transport of foodborne pathogens from the contaminated water source to the field. Risk assessment and mitigation measures should be implemented to assure the quality of the water source used for irrigation in SSCF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"87 12","pages":"Article 100382"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}