Journal of food protection最新文献

{"title":"Application of Environmental Monitoring Programs and Root Cause Analysis to Identify and Implement Interventions to Reduce or Eliminate Listeria Populations in Apple Packinghouses","authors":"Alexandra Belias,&nbsp;Samantha Bolten,&nbsp;Renato H. Orsi,&nbsp;Martin Wiedmann","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Controlling <em>Listeria</em> in produce packinghouses can be challenging due to the large number of potential contamination routes. For example, repeated isolation of the same <em>Listeria</em> subtype in a packinghouse could indicate persistence in the packinghouse or reintroduction of the same <em>Listeria</em> from an upstream source. To improve understanding of <em>Listeria</em> transmission patterns in packinghouses, we performed a longitudinal study in four apple packinghouses, including testing of 1,339 environmental sponges and whole genome sequencing (WGS)-based characterization of 280 isolates. Root cause analysis and subsequent intervention implementation were also performed and assessed for effectiveness. <em>Listeria</em> prevalence among environmental sponges collected from the four packinghouses was 20% (range of 5–31% for individual packinghouses). Sites that showed high <em>Listeria</em> prevalence included drains, forklift tires and forks, forklift stops, and waxing area equipment frames. A total of 240/280 WGS-characterized isolates were represented in 41 clusters, each containing two or more isolates that differed by ≤50 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (hqSNPs); 21 clusters were isolated from one packinghouse over ≥2 samplings (suggesting persistence or possibly reintroduction), while 11 clusters included isolates from &gt;2 packinghouses, suggesting common upstream sources. Some interventions successfully (i) reduced <em>Listeria</em> detection on forklift tires and forks (across packinghouses) and (ii) mitigated packinghouse-specific <em>Listeria</em> issues (e.g., in catch pans). However, interventions that lacked enhanced equipment disassembly when persistence was suspected typically appeared to be unsuccessful. Overall, while our data suggest a combination of intensive environmental sampling with subtyping and root cause analysis can help identify effective interventions, implementation of effective interventions continues to be a challenge in packinghouses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X2400108X/pdfft?md5=bd8cd52e11679eb2422ef3e86b76fe6a&pid=1-s2.0-S0362028X2400108X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inactivation of Avian Influenza Virus Inoculated into Ground Beef Patties Cooked on a Commercial Open-Flame Gas Grill","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the emergence of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (AIV) infection of dairy cattle and its subsequent detection in raw milk, coupled with recent AIV infections affecting dairy farm workers, experiments were conducted to affirm the safety of cooked ground beef related to AIV because such meat is often derived from cull dairy cows. Specifically, retail ground beef (percent lean:fat = ca. 80:20) was inoculated with a low pathogenic AIV (LPAIV) isolate to an initial level of 5.6 log₁₀ 50% egg infectious doses (EID₅₀)  per 300 g patty. The inoculated meat was pressed into patties (ca. 2.54 cm thick, ca. 300 g each) and then held at 4 °C for up to 60 min. In each of the two trials, two patties for each of the following three treatments were cooked on a commercial open-flame gas grill to internal instantaneous temperatures of 48.9 °C (120°F), 62.8 °C (145°F), or 71.1 °C (160°F), but without any dwell time. Cooking inoculated ground beef patties to 48.9 °C (ave. cooking time of ca. 15 min) resulted in a mean reduction of ≥2.5 ± 0.9 log₁₀ EID₅₀ per 300 g of ground beef as assessed via quantification of virus in embryonating chicken eggs (ECEs). Likewise, cooking patties on a gas grill to 62.8 °C (ave. cooking time of ca. 21 min) or to the USDA FSIS recommended minimum internal temperature for ground beef of 71.1 °C (ave. cooking time of ca. 24 min) resulted in a reduction to nondetectable levels from initial levels of ≥5.6 log₁₀ EID₅₀ per 300 g. These data establish that levels of infectious AIV are substantially reduced within inoculated ground beef patties (20% fat) using recommended cooking procedures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X24001091/pdfft?md5=b0d7fd761d579f884590a8b69337de9c&pid=1-s2.0-S0362028X24001091-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Safety Exam Phrasing for Food Service Employees","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In many jurisdictions, foodservice workers are required to obtain food handler certification via written examination before being able to work. This study investigated the effect of the readability, or the ease in which one can read and comprehend written text, of food handler exam questions on exam performance. It was hypothesized that the reduction in cognitive load by improving the readability of exam questions would lead to improved scores. Participants received training in personal hygiene and basic food safety and were tested on their knowledge using questions that were worded using the traditional phrasing and updated phrasing that has improved readability. The results indicate that improved readability had a significant difference in the personal hygiene section but not on the basic food safety section. These results are due, in part, to the types of cognitive load (intrinsic vs. extraneous) that are required to solve different types of problems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X24001078/pdfft?md5=307a9569ddc570a043d78e966d203816&pid=1-s2.0-S0362028X24001078-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Listeria Species Recovered from Retail Outlets in Gauteng Province, South Africa","authors":"James Gana ,&nbsp;Nomakorinte Gcebe ,&nbsp;Rebone Moerane ,&nbsp;Yusuf Ngoshe ,&nbsp;Takula Tshuma ,&nbsp;Khomotso Moabelo ,&nbsp;Abiodun Adesiyun","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study determined the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of <em>Listeria</em> spp. (<em>L. monocytogenes, L. innocua,</em> and <em>L. welshimeri)</em> recovered from beef and beef products sold at retail outlets in Gauteng Province, South Africa. A total of 112 isolates of <em>Listeria</em> spp., including <em>L. monocytogenes</em> (37), <em>L. innocua</em> (65), and <em>L. welshimeri</em> (10), were recovered from beef and beef products collected from 48 retail outlets. <em>Listeria spp</em>. was recovered by direct selective plating following selective enrichment, and PCR was used to confirm and characterize recovered isolates. The disc diffusion method determined the resistance to 16 antimicrobial agents. All 112 isolates of <em>Listeria</em> spp. exhibited resistance to one or more antibiotics (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The prevalence of AMR in <em>Listeria</em> isolates was high for nalidixic acid (99.1%) and cefotaxime (80.4%) but low for gentamycin (2.7%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (3.6%), azithromycin (5.4%), and doxycycline (6.3%). Overall, for the three species of <em>Listeria,</em> the prevalence of resistance varied significantly only for streptomycin (<em>P</em> = 0.016) and tetracycline (<em>P</em> = 0.034). Multidrug-resistant isolates were detected in 75.7% (28/37), 61.5% (40/65), and 80% (8/10) isolates of <em>L. monocytogenes</em>, <em>L. innocua</em>, and <em>L. welshimeri,</em> respectively. The prevalence of AMR was significantly affected by the location and size of retail outlets, type of beef and beef products, and serogroups of <em>L. monocytogenes.</em> The high prevalence of AMR, particularly among the <em>L. monocytogenes</em> isolates, poses potential therapeutic implications for human consumers of contaminated beef products. There is, therefore, a need to regulate and enforce the use of antimicrobial agents in humans and animals in South Africa.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X24001066/pdfft?md5=1e03a17feef46bf3f05515f2468cb2de&pid=1-s2.0-S0362028X24001066-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofilm-forming Ability of Bacillus thuringiensis Strains from Biopesticides on Polystyrene and their Attachment on Spinach","authors":"Xingchen Zhao ,&nbsp;Monica Höfte ,&nbsp;Pieter Spanoghe ,&nbsp;Andreja Rajkovic ,&nbsp;Mieke Uyttendaele","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em>-based commercial products as a biopesticide have been used for more than 60 years in agriculture. However, as one of the species in <em>B. cereus</em> group, <em>B. thuringiensis</em> has been considered as an emerging hazard with the potential to cause food toxico-infections. The present study aimed to evaluate the biofilm-forming ability of <em>B. thuringiensis</em> biopesticide strains and their attachment on spinach, compared to foodborne <em>B. cereus</em> strains. Biofilm formations of tested strains were found to be strain-specific and affected by the nutrient conditions more than the incubation time. Nutrient starvation conditions generally reduced the biofilm formation of tested <em>B. thuringiensis</em> and <em>B. cereus</em> strains, particularly <em>B. thuringiensis</em> ABTS-1857 strain was found as the nonbiofilm former in starvation conditions. It is worth mentioning that <em>B. thuringiensis</em> SA-11 strain showed stronger biofilm-forming ability with more air–liquid interface biofilm than the other two <em>B. thuringiensis</em> biopesticide strains, but no such higher attachment of <em>B. thuringiensis</em> SA-11 to spinach was observed. These results indicate that <em>B. thuringiensis</em> SA-11 strain can enter the food processing lines by the attachment on spinach leaves, and it has the potential to form biofilms throughout the processing lines or the production environment when sufficient nutrients are available. However, more biofilm tests of <em>B. thuringiensis</em> biopesticide strains in the vegetable production chain should be performed. The dry formulation of commercial <em>B. thuringiensis</em> biopesticides enhanced their adhesion on spinach leaves, whereas the strength of adhesion was not improved by the formulation. In addition, 1–2 log reductions of spores after the intensive washing of spinach leaves in the lab were detected. However, the log reduction due to the actual washing done by the food processing companies in large-volume washing baths or by consumers at home would be limited and less than this lab simulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X24001054/pdfft?md5=07a809d83ab670bd69a92e5b88621855&pid=1-s2.0-S0362028X24001054-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution Serotyping Reveals Salmonella Surveillance Challenges in the Turkey Industry","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite extensive <em>Salmonella</em> controls used at processing, 5.5% of salmonellosis cases are linked to turkey. This study had two objectives: (i) to summarize USDA-FSIS turkey <em>Salmonella</em> verification program data and (ii) to evaluate <em>Salmonella</em> through turkey production and processing of 22 flocks. In objective 1, USDA-FSIS data show the average <em>Salmonella</em> prevalence in ground turkey from 2016 to 2022 was 15.9%, and that the leading serovar changes frequently. For objective 2, bootsocks (<em>n</em> = 22) were collected on-farm right after load-out. At processing, prescald wingtips (<em>n</em> = 6 composites of 10/flock), prechill wingtips (<em>n</em> = 6 composites of 10/flock), mechanically separated turkey (MST; <em>n</em> = 6 bins/flock), and ground turkey (<em>n</em> = 6 bins/flock) were collected. <em>Salmonella</em> prevalence was determined by a commercial qPCR and culture confirmed. In 33.2% of PCR-positive samples, <em>Salmonella</em> was not confirmed by culture, highlighting a discrepancy between molecular and culture detection. On-farm, 8/22 flocks were <em>Salmonella</em> positive, compared to 21 flocks that were positive at one or more processing locations, including 18 flocks that were positive in at least one final product sample. A logistic regression showed higher <em>Salmonella</em> prevalence in prescald (53.8%) than in prechill (18.2%), MST (27.3%) or ground turkey (26.5%). CRISPR-SeroSeq analysis of 148 culture−positive samples detected 18 <em>Salmonella</em> serovars and showed 35.1% of samples contained multiple serovars. In 16 flocks, one or more serovars detected in final products were absent from any upstream samples. Two−thirds of final product samples containing serovar Typhimurium typed as a live-attenuated Typhimurium vaccine strain. <em>Salmonella</em> on-farm and at prescald did not reflect <em>Salmonella</em> observed in final product. These data underscore the complexity of serovar tracking in turkey production and highlight challenges to identify surveillance samples that accurately represent <em>Salmonella</em> in turkey products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X24001030/pdfft?md5=0b35d084176ba955d14b40b9fde3ba53&pid=1-s2.0-S0362028X24001030-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141440570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presence of Indicator Bacteria and Occurrence of Potentially Pathogenic Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Species in Packaged Ice Cubes in Central Mexico","authors":"Oscar Castro-Morales ,&nbsp;Ricardo Jiovanni Soria-Herrera ,&nbsp;Gilberto Cornejo-Estudillo ,&nbsp;Amanda Marineth Avila-Trejo ,&nbsp;Daniel Valencia-Trujillo ,&nbsp;Ma. Guadalupe Zanella-Vargas ,&nbsp;Ma. Estela Vázquez-Barrios ,&nbsp;Esmeralda Rangel-Vargas ,&nbsp;Javier Castro-Rosas ,&nbsp;Rocío Liliana García-Reyes ,&nbsp;Sandra Rivera-Gutiérrez ,&nbsp;Victoria Campos-Peña ,&nbsp;Jorge Francisco Cerna-Cortés","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to determine the bacteriological quality and presence of diarrheagenic <em>Escherichia coli</em> pathotypes (DEP) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species in 85 packaged ice samples from 12 different states of central Mexico. Three samples had a pH of 9.8 and therefore fell outside of the acceptable range for pH. All samples were positive for aerobic-mesophilic bacteria, with limits ranging from 1 to 3.47 log CFU/mL. In total, 35, 11, and 3 ice samples were positive for total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC), and <em>E. coli</em>, respectively. In the samples, the TC concentration ranged from &lt;1.1 to &gt;23 MPN/100 mL and from &lt;1.1 to 23 MPN/100 mL for FC and <em>E. coli.</em> In total, 38 (44.7%) ice samples were outside of Mexico's official guidelines. None of the 12 <em>E. coli</em> strains isolated from the three ice samples belonged to DEP. NTM were recovered from 20 ice samples and included <em>M. neoaurum</em> (<em>n</em> = 7), <em>M. porcinum</em> (<em>n</em> = 2), <em>M. flavescens</em> (<em>n</em> = 2), <em>M. fortuitum</em> (<em>n</em> = 1), <em>M. abscessus</em> (<em>n</em> = 1), <em>M. senegalense</em> (<em>n</em> = 1), <em>M. conceptionense</em> (<em>n</em> = 1), and <em>M. sp</em>. (<em>n</em> = 1). In the remaining four samples, two NTM were isolated simultaneously. Thus, we recommend that producers should evaluate the microbiological quality of purified water used as a raw material as well as that of the final product, the ice should be packed in thick bags to avoid stretching and tearing during transportation or storage to prevent environmental contamination of ice, personnel involved in the production, and handling of ice should be trained in relative hygiene matters and how ice-machines should be cleaned and disinfected and the implementation of hazard analysis and critical control points must be applied throughout the chain of production. Finally, regular inspection by the authorities is also of great importance. These recommendations can be applied in different countries with low microbiological quality packaged ice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X24001029/pdfft?md5=979eafba16f44b3b7195a3e58d195307&pid=1-s2.0-S0362028X24001029-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141321022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of Clostridium perfringens and Bacillus cereus by Dry Vinegar and Cultured Sugar Vinegar During Extended Cooling of Uncured Beef and Poultry Products","authors":"Kathleen A. Glass ,&nbsp;Cynthia B. Austin ,&nbsp;Melissa A. Bohn ,&nbsp;Max C. Golden ,&nbsp;Kristin M. Schill ,&nbsp;Steven C. Ricke ,&nbsp;Subash Shrestha","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The 2021 FSIS Stabilization Guidelines for Meat and Poultry Products (Appendix B) Option 1.2 limits Phase 1 cooling from 48.8 to 26.7 °C in uncured meats to 1 h. However, this time restriction is impractical to achieve in large−diameter whole−muscle products. The objective of this study was to compare the inhibitory effect of commercial dry vinegars (DVs) and cultured sugar-vinegar blends (CSVs) on <em>Clostridium perfringens</em> and <em>Bacillus cereus</em> in uncured beef and poultry products during extended cooling. Treatments (beef: 72–73% moisture, pH 6.2–6.3, 0.85–0.95% NaCl; turkey: 76–77% moisture, pH 6.5–6.7, 1.3–1.6% NaCl) included Controls without antimicrobials, and four DV and four CSV, each tested at 0.75 and 1.25%. Batches were inoculated with 2.5-log <em>C. perfringens</em> or <em>B. cereus</em> spores, vacuum-packaged, and cooked to 73 °C. Packages were cooled from 48.8 to 27 °C (Phase 1) in 3, 4, or 5 h; Phase 2 (27–12.8 °C) and Phase 3 (12.8–4 °C) were standardized for 5-h cooling each. Pathogens were enumerated on selective agar in triplicate samples assayed at precook, postcook, and at the end of Phase 1, 2, and 3 cooling. Experiments were conducted twice. <em>B. cereus</em> did not grow (&lt;0.5-log increase) in any treatment when Phase 1 cooling was extended to 5 h. <em>C. perfringens</em> grew rapidly (2.5 to &gt;4.5 log) in Control treatments when Phase 1 cooling was extended to ≥3 h. All 1.25% DV ingredients limited <em>C</em>. <em>perfringens</em> growth to ≤1-log when Phase 1 cooling was extended to 3 h but supported a &gt;1-log increase when Phase 1 cooling was extended to 5 h. All 1.25% CSV inhibited growth under 3-h Phase 1 cooling; 1.25% CSV-A and ≥0.75% CSV-D inhibited growth in turkey during 5-h Phase 1 cooling, but inhibition with 1.25% CSV-C was inconsistent in beef. This study revealed that formulating uncured meats with 1.25% DV or certain CSV can extend Phase 1 cooling to 3 h. Although all ingredients inhibited growth when used at 0.75% or greater compared to a control, greater variability of inhibition was observed among CSV than for DV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X24001017/pdfft?md5=f5a999df8b83a8e6bdea2caa3023ecca&pid=1-s2.0-S0362028X24001017-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141327522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Bio-inline Reactor to Evaluate Sanitizer Efficacy in Removing Dual-species Biofilms Formed by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes","authors":"Grishma S. Prabhukhot ,&nbsp;Charles D. Eggleton ,&nbsp;Bryan Vinyard ,&nbsp;Jitendra Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The efficacy of a sanitizer in biofilm removal may be influenced by a combination of factors such as sanitizer exposure time and concentration, bacterial species, surface topography, and shear stresses. We employed an inline biofilm reactor to investigate the interactions of these variables on biofilm removal with chlorine. The CDC bioreactor was used to grow <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 and <em>L. monocytogenes</em> biofilms as a single species or with <em>Ralstonia insidiosa</em> as a dual-species biofilm on stainless steel, PTFE, and EPDM coupons at shear stresses 0.368 and 2.462 N/m² for 48 hours. Coupons were retrieved from a CDC bioreactor and placed in an inline biofilm reactor and 100, 200, or 500 ppm of chlorine was supplied for 1- and 4 min. Bacterial populations in the biofilms were quantified pre- and posttreatment by plating on selective media. After chlorine treatment, reduction (Log CFU/cm²) in pathogen populations obtained from three replicates was analyzed for statistical significance. A 1-min chlorine treatment (500 ppm), on dual-species <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 biofilms grown at high shear stress of 2.462 N/m² resulted in significant <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 reductions on SS 316L (2.79 log CFU/cm²) and PTFE (1.76 log CFU/cm²). Similar trend was also observed for biofilm removal after a 4-min chlorine treatment. Single species <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 biofilms exhibited higher resistance to chlorine when biofilms were developed at high shear stress. The effect of chlorine in <em>L. monocytogenes</em> removal from dual-species biofilms was dependent primarily on the shear stress at which they were formed rather than the surface topography of materials. Besides surface topography, shear stresses at which biofilms were formed also influenced the effect of sanitizer. The removal of <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 biofilms from EPDM material may require critical interventions due to difficulty in removing this pathogen. The inline biofilm reactor is a novel tool to evaluate the efficacy of a sanitizer in bacterial biofilm removal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X2400098X/pdfft?md5=81bb38d0677fc4111c61dc9a31b9ace9&pid=1-s2.0-S0362028X2400098X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141321023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Three Antimicrobials Against two SARS-COV-2 Surrogates, Bovine Coronavirus and Human Coronavirus OC43, on Hard or Soft Nonporous Materials","authors":"Breanna Kimbrell ,&nbsp;Jinge Huang ,&nbsp;Angela Fraser ,&nbsp;Xiuping Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The efficacy of three antimicrobials was evaluated against two severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) surrogates – bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and human coronavirus (HCoV) OC43 – on hard and soft nonporous materials. Three antimicrobials with three different active ingredients (chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, and quaternary ammonium compound + alcohol) were studied. Initially, a neutralization method was optimized for each antimicrobial. Then, we determined their efficacy against BCoV and HCoV OC43 in both suspension and on surfaces made with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic and vinyl upholstery fabric. All tests were conducted under ambient environmental conditions with a soil load of 5% fetal bovine serum. After a 2-min exposure, all three antimicrobials achieved a &gt;3.0 log₁₀ reduction in viral titers in suspension. All three also reduced virus infectivity on both surface materials below the detection limit (0.6 log₁₀ TCID₅₀/carrier). Treatments in which the reduction in virus titer was &lt;3.0 log₁₀ were attributed to a decreased dynamic range on the carrier during drying prior to disinfection. The carrier data revealed that both surrogates were inactivated more rapidly (<em>p</em> &lt;0.05) on vinyl or under conditions of high relative humidity. Three classes of antimicrobials were efficacious against both SARS-CoV-2 surrogate viruses, with BCoV demonstrating slightly less sensitivity compared to HCoV OC43. These findings also illustrate the importance of (1) optimizing the neutralization method and (2) considering relative humidity as a key factor for efficacy testing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X24001005/pdfft?md5=0947d24228877b741b951aff8bbc90c2&pid=1-s2.0-S0362028X24001005-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141327521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}