Journal of food protection最新文献

{"title":"Novel Species-Specific Primers Enable Accurate Detection and Quantification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa via qPCR","authors":"Chaerin Kim ,&nbsp;Ravi Jothi ,&nbsp;Kwang-Kyo Oh,&nbsp;Dong Suk Park","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa,</em> a notable pathogen in nosocomial infections, also emerges as a significant and often underestimated foodborne pathogen, frequently identified in diverse food categories, including meat, milk, fruits, vegetables, and water. Its resilience, virulence, and ability to form biofilms necessitate the development of novel methods for early detection of its presence in food products. This study aims to identify, design, and validate specific genetic markers for <em>P. aeruginosa</em> detection through quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. In this study, 816 publicly available genome sequences of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> strains were compared to identify a conserved and specific gene encoding a hypothetical protein (WP_003109295.1) in <em>P. aeruginosa</em> DSM 50071. Primers targeting this gene region were designed and validated for their ability to detect <em>P. aeruginosa</em> using qPCR, demonstrating a high level of sensitivity and specificity for <em>P. aeruginosa</em> among various <em>Pseudomonas</em> species. Further validation through standard curve analysis using three different templates such as cloned DNA, genomic DNA, and cell suspension confirmed the exceptional sensitivity and specificity of the designed primers in quantifying <em>P. aeruginosa</em> via qPCR. Additionally, the on-site application of these primers was validated on <em>P. aeruginosa</em>-inoculated carrot samples, highlighting their reliability and accuracy. The proposed direct qPCR method offers substantial advantages for the rapid, simple, and specific detection of <em>P. aeruginosa</em>, enhancing the efficiency of diagnostic and monitoring processes for this pathogen in food and vegetable distribution systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 4","pages":"Article 100467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofilm-forming Abilities of Salmonella Serovars Isolated From Clinically Ill Livestock at 48 and 168 h","authors":"Samantha R. Locke ,&nbsp;Poonam G. Vinayamohan ,&nbsp;Dubraska Diaz-Campos ,&nbsp;Gregory Habing","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Little is known regarding the biofilm-forming capabilities of a somewhat distinct population of <em>Salmonellae</em> present on-farm and responsible for illnesses in livestock and humans. Evaluation of cleaning and disinfection in preharvest environments has found little success in eradicating <em>Salmonella</em> biofilms to date. Disrupting the environmental survival of <em>Salmonella</em> via biofilm removal will be critical to reducing carriage in livestock reservoirs and the risk of foodborne illness. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the biofilm-forming abilities of <em>Salmonellae</em> relevant to livestock and human health. Eighty-one isolates from 8 serovars (<em>S</em>. Typhimurium, Heidelberg, Montevideo, Agona, Newport, Dublin, 4,[5],12:i:-, Enteritidis) were sourced from poultry and clinically ill cattle, swine, and equine. We hypothesized that biofilm production rate would vary significantly between serovars, and biofilm density would increase from 48 to 168 hrs. Isolates were grown in 24-well microplates in tryptone soy broth at ambient temperature, with media refreshed every 48 h. Biofilm density was quantified using crystal violet assays. Strong biofilm formers comprised 84% (68/81) of isolates tested, while 5.9% (4/81) were considered weak. Biofilm density was significantly greater at 168 h versus 48 h for all serovars except Dublin. Additionally, biofilm growth rate varied by serovar. Differences in biofilm-associated genes were evaluated, and only the detection of <em>csrB</em> was significantly associated with the categorization of biofilm producers. Results suggest inconsistent cleaning likely allows for the establishment of biofilms in on-farm environments. Further, some serovars may pose a greater risk for rapid biofilm establishment. This study provides data necessary to inform the development of evidence-based cleaning and disinfection protocols effective against the most prolific biofilm-forming strains of virulent <em>Salmonella.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 4","pages":"Article 100466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Training on Butcheries Meat Sanitation Practices in Eastern Ethiopia: Food Safety Indicator Cases of Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Adem Hiko ,&nbsp;Getachew Shelfa ,&nbsp;Sisay Girma ,&nbsp;Yesihak Yusuf ,&nbsp;Debeli Tadesse ,&nbsp;Abdi Dedefo","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food handlers’ training minimizes foodborne illness. A study was conducted from November 2020 to June 2023 to assess the effectiveness of theoretical and practical trainings on the hygienic meat handling improvement of Haramaya, Awaday, Malk-Rafu, and Harar towns’ butcheries using <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> as food safety indicator in Eastern Ethiopia. Two rounds (before- and after-training delivery) of swab samples from carcasses, equipment (cutting board, hooks, and knife), personnel hands and floor, and water samples were collected from 30 randomly selected butchery shops. A total of 420 samples consisting of 210 before- and 210 after-trainings were collected and examined for <em>S. aureus</em>. Selected <em>S. aureus</em> isolated before the training were tested against eight various antimicrobial agents. Per butchery shop (<em>n</em> = 30), the demography of one worker per shop was also assessed. Prevalence of <em>S. aureus</em> was 51.4% before- and 11.90% after the delivery of the training. After the training, a significant reduction of <em>S. aureus</em> by 39.53% in overall, by 41.66% in environmental, and by 26.70% in meat samples were observed. After the training, <em>S. aureus</em> presence was significantly reduced (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) by 6.2–10.2 folds at studied towns. Except on meat, personnel hands, and floor swabs (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.01), <em>S. aureus</em> were significantly reduced after the training in other sampling locations (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Except for the cutting board, odds of <em>S. aureus</em> reductions were by 3.2–16.7 folds at all sampling locations. <em>S. aureus</em> was 48.9%, 55.1%, and 57.1% before delivery of the training in cattle, goat, and sheep meat lines, respectively. However, it becomes 9.5%, 11.5%, 13.3%, and 14.3% after the delivery of the training in respective the animals’ meat lines. All of the 30 butchery shops were found <em>S. aureus</em> positive for at least one location both before the training (50%) and after the training (46.7%) delivery. Of the 53 tested <em>S. aureus</em>, high susceptibility to gentamicin (100%), chloramphenicol (83.02%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (69.81%), and erythromycin (60.38%) were observed. Two antimicrobial drugs resistant (67.92%) and multiples of ≥3 antimicrobial drugs resistant (30.19%) isolates were also observed. Two isolates showed four antimicrobial drug classes resistant. In conclusion, this study showed the effectiveness of training in the reduction of selected foodborne pathogens. However, the significances, sustainability, and long-term effects of the training with logistic supply and frequent supervision are still recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 4","pages":"Article 100468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The Combined Use of High Pressure Processing and Lactic Acid Containing Fermentate on Inactivation of Salmonella, Shiga Toxin-producing E. coli, and Listeria monocytogenes in Raw Pet Foods” [J. Food Protect. 87(12) (2024) 100390]","authors":"Alvin Lee ,&nbsp;Nicole Maks-Warren ,&nbsp;Viviana Aguilar ,&nbsp;Brittany Swicegood ,&nbsp;Lindsay Halik ,&nbsp;Joshua Warren ,&nbsp;Edward O’Neill ,&nbsp;Jason Meents ,&nbsp;Susy Tejayadi","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100465","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 3","pages":"Article 100465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Population Analyses Reveal Pre-enrichment Method and Selective Enrichment Media Affect Salmonella Serovars Detected on Broiler Carcasses” [J. Food Protect. 82(10) (2019) 1688–1696]","authors":"Nelson A. Cox ,&nbsp;Mark E. Berrang ,&nbsp;Sandra L. House ,&nbsp;David Medina ,&nbsp;Kim Cook ,&nbsp;Nikki W Shariat","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100415","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 3","pages":"Article 100415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initializing a Public Repository for Hosting Benchmark Datasets to Facilitate Machine Learning Model Development in Food Safety","authors":"Chenhao Qian ,&nbsp;Huan Yang ,&nbsp;Jayadev Acharya ,&nbsp;Jingqiu Liao ,&nbsp;Renata Ivanek ,&nbsp;Martin Wiedmann","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While there is clear potential for artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models to help improve food safety, the development and deployment of these models in the food safety domain are by and large lacking. The absence of publicly available databases that host well-curated datasets that can be used to develop and validate AI /ML models represents one likely barrier. Thus, we took three previously published datasets, which we further cleaned and annotated, and made them publicly available in a repository called Cornell Food Safety ML Repository. The selected datasets include (i) presence or absence of <em>Listeria</em> spp. in soil samples collected across the U.S. with paired metadata for soil properties, geolocation, climate, and surrounding land use, (ii) presence or absence of <em>Salmonella</em> and <em>Campylobacter</em> in young chicken carcasses tested in processing facilities with associated meteorological and temporal metadata, and (iii) presence or absence of fecal contamination as well as <em>E. coli</em> concentration in New York watersheds with associated metadata for land use, water attributes, and meteorological factors. These datasets can serve as benchmark datasets for developing ML models. To demonstrate the utility of the repository, we developed customizable scripts as well as LazyPredict (a quick screening method) scripts for training different types of ML models using the shared datasets. While this repository provides an important starting point that will allow for the development and testing of ML models to predict foodborne pathogens contamination in different sources, the inclusion of further datasets is clearly needed to advance this field. This paper thus includes a call to action for the deposit of well-curated datasets that can be used for further development of predictive models in food safety. This paper will also discuss the benefits of such public databases, including the assessment of data-sharing scenarios using existing privacy-preserving techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 3","pages":"Article 100463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Lies Behind Mycotoxin Presence in Animal Feed? A Case Study☆","authors":"Maria-Eleni Dimitrakopoulou ,&nbsp;George Marinos ,&nbsp;Manos Karvounis ,&nbsp;Giannis Stoitsis ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Manouselis ,&nbsp;Charalampos Thanopoulos ,&nbsp;Chris Elliott","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates seasonal trends and correlations among different mycotoxins in animal feed, employing time series analysis and Seasonal-Trend Decomposition using LOESS (STL) to uncover patterns and relationships. Data collected from Food Fortress, covering 2014–2024, include feed for ruminants, pigs, and poultry. The analysis reveals that seasonality accounts for less than 15% of the variability in mycotoxin levels, suggesting a limited seasonal influence. High deoxynivalenol (DON) concentrations in ram feed were attributed to specific management practices, while persistent DON levels in pig and poultry feed highlight the need for enhanced interventions. A strong correlation between DON and zearalenone (ZEN) was identified in pig and poultry feed. Over the study period, aflatoxin levels exhibited a slight increase, potentially linked to evolving climatic conditions, whereas DON and ZEN levels showed a slight decline. Furthermore, an inverse correlation between aflatoxin and ochratoxin levels suggests competitive interactions among fungal species, such as <em>Aspergillus</em> and <em>Penicillium</em>. These findings provide valuable insights into the intricate interactions of seasonal factors, management practices, and fungal ecology shaping mycotoxin contamination in animal feed. The study emphasizes the need for advanced mitigation strategies, including predictive modeling and artificial intelligence, to monitor and manage mycotoxin risks effectively at the regional level, ensuring feed safety and quality in the face of evolving environmental and management challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 4","pages":"Article 100464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Concentration of Aflatoxin M1 in Mother Milk: A Meta-analysis, Meta-regression, and Infants’ Health Risk Assessment","authors":"Yadolah Fakhri ,&nbsp;Vahid Ranaei ,&nbsp;Zahra Pilevar ,&nbsp;Maryam Sarkhosh ,&nbsp;Mansour Sarafraz ,&nbsp;Zohreh Abdi-Moghadam ,&nbsp;Reihane Javid","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast milk is a complete and nutritious food for newborns and infants, but it may be contaminated with Aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁), which endangers consumers’ health. Several studies from various regions have determined the concentration and prevalence of AFM₁ in mother milk. In this study, an attempt was made to meta-analyze the concentration and prevalence of AFM₁ and estimate the health risk of infants. The concentration and prevalence of AFM₁ in the countries subgroup were meta-analyzed in the random effects model (REM), and also the effect over time on the prevalence of AFM₁ was determined by meta-regression. Finally, the human risk in infants was estimated via the margin of exposure (MOE_S) in different countries. The five countries with the highest prevalence of AFM₁ in mother milk were observed in Jordan (100.00), Tanzania (100.00), Mexico (97.00%), Lebanon (93.69%), and Colombia (90.00%). The pooled prevalence of AFM₁ in mother milk was 54.48%, 95% CI (42.99–65.73). The five countries with the highest concentration of AFM₁ in mother milk were observed: Egypt (570 µg/l), Sudan (413 µg/l), Cameroon (315.00 µg/l), Serbia (175 µg/l), and Tanzania (70 µg/l). The pooled prevalence of AFM₁ in mother milk was 6.00, 95% CI (5.80–6.90(. Except for Egypt, infants in other countries are at an acceptable health risk (MOEs &gt; 10,000). Considering the unacceptable risk due to the consumption of milk containing AFM₁ in Egypt, it is suggested that programs be carried out to control the quality of mother milk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 3","pages":"Article 100462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143365073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella Species on U.S. Swine Sites as Part of the NAHMS 2021 Swine Enteric Study","authors":"Stephanie C. Hempstead ,&nbsp;Catherine A. Gensler ,&nbsp;Charles A. Haley ,&nbsp;Alyson M. Wiedenheft ,&nbsp;James B. Robertson ,&nbsp;Paula J. Fedorka-Cray ,&nbsp;Megan E. Jacob","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salmonella</em> species are an important cause of systemic and gastrointestinal disease in animals and humans worldwide; they are also increasingly resistant to multiple classes of antimicrobials which may aid in their treatment and control. <em>Salmonella</em> can also be shed asymptomatically. The aim of this study was to survey the U.S. swine industry to determine and update estimates of <em>Salmonella</em> prevalence, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), replicon distribution, and biofilm potential as part of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) 2021 Swine Study. A total of 1,043 fecal samples were collected from finishing swine 20 weeks and older on 39 sites, from November 2021 through April 2022. <em>Salmonella</em> detection was culture-based and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution; replicon typing was completed by PCR. Biofilm potential was assessed using a crystal violet assay and normalized to a positive control strain. Overall, the prevalence of <em>Salmonella</em> in swine feces was low (3.9%; 41 of 1,043) and comprised of a broad range of serotypes including <em>S.</em> Derby (34.1%) and <em>S</em>. I 4,[5],12:i:- (22.0%), also found previously. Resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent was detected in 61.0% of isolates with the most prevalent resistance to tetracycline (53.7%). Multidrug resistance (≥3 antimicrobial classes) was found in 26.8% of isolates. The most prevalent replicon types detected were IncHI2 (24.4%) and IncA/C (24.4%), both of which have previously been associated with <em>Salmonella</em> isolated from swine. The majority (85.4%) of isolates formed some biofilm <em>in vitro</em>, characterized as weak (36.6%), moderate (39.0%), or strong (9.8%), with no major associations among common serotype or AMR pattern. Surveillance programs updating the prevalence and characteristics of <em>Salmonella</em> in the U.S. swine population will inform ongoing farm-level and public health efforts to mitigate animal and human health risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 2","pages":"Article 100435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-contamination Risks in Dry Produce Packinghouses: Efficacy of Alcohol-based Sanitizers to Reduce Salmonella and Potential Surrogates on Relevant Surface Materials","authors":"Alexandra Nerney ,&nbsp;Stuart Reitz ,&nbsp;Jovana Kovacevic ,&nbsp;Joy Waite-Cusic","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 2020 <em>Salmonella</em> outbreak was epidemiologically linked to red onions; however, insufficient cleaning and sanitation in the packinghouse expanded the recall to include all onions handled by the packing house in the preceding 3 months. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of dry sanitizers to reduce cross-contamination risk on food contact surfaces (FCSs) found in postharvest packing areas. Transfer of <em>Salmonella</em> and potential surrogates (<em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Enterococcus faecium</em>) to and from onions to FCS materials (high-density polypropylene, polyester-nylon conveyor belts, plywood) was quantified. Transfer rates from inoculated onions to FCS were highly variable, but did not differ by surface, averaging −1.19 log %. Transfer rates from contaminated FCS to uninoculated onions averaged 0.2 log %, with 40% (31/81) of onions having no detectable transfer. Onion variety, surface type, and species did not influence the transfer rate (<em>p &gt;</em> 0.05). Commercial sanitizers and alcohol solutions were tested for efficacy of reducing targeted bacteria on FCS. Reductions were quantified after 30 s and after drying (15 min). High alcohol sanitizers (∼60%) achieved a 5-log reduction on HDPE after drying. Lower alcohol (&lt;30%) products were ineffective (&lt;2-log reduction). <em>E. coli</em> and <em>Salmonella</em> were comparable in sensitivity to sanitizers, but <em>E. faecium</em> was more sensitive (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Transfer and sanitizer evaluation was scaled to investigate cross-contamination in postharvest storage bins (plastic and wood). With no sanitation, inoculated plastic bin contact resulted in contamination of 49–71% of onions. Use of ∼60% alcohol solutions reduced contamination to &lt;4% of onions (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Low-alcohol product significantly increased cross-contamination to 86–100% of onions (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). These findings highlight the importance of validating sanitizer efficacy to quantify microbial reduction and cross-contamination risk on produce contact surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 2","pages":"Article 100443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142903246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}