Journal of food protection最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance, and Control of Pathogenic Shewanella in Seafoods.","authors":"Tahirah Johnson, Gary P Richards, Salina Parveen","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Some Shewanella spp. have been classified as emerging pathogens and are a concern for food safety. Species such as Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens are known to cause soft tissue necrosis and invasive infections from marine exposure. Seafood consumption has been linked to Shewanella illnesses, raising concerns about public health risks. Seafood consumption has been on the rise in recent years due to its reported benefits and overall positive health and nutritional perception of consumers. However, an emerging seafood pathogen, Shewanella spp. threatens the safety of these products. This review synthesizes existing data on: i) the prevalence of potentially pathogenic Shewanella spp. in oysters and seawater from locations around the world, ii) the antibiotic resistance profiles of isolates from diverse geographic regions, and iii) processing treatments to reduce Shewanella in seafoods. Findings suggest that Shewanella spp. are widespread in seafood and marine environments. Studies have also shown that over time Shewanella spp. have become more resistant to β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin, ampicillin, and vancomycin. This growing antibiotic resistance is largely attributed to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in aquaculture and agriculture, contributing to the emergence of multiple-antibiotic resistant (MAR) bacteria in seafood. The presence of MAR bacteria limits treatment options in the event of infection by Shewanella and other pathogenic bacteria underscoring the need for better control measures in seafood production to ensure public health safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":" ","pages":"100570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Hot Water Reconstitution Instructions and Labeling of Powdered Infant Formula to Ensure Cronobacter spp. Reduction.","authors":"Maria Amalia Beary, Sarah E Daly, Jakob Baker, Abigail B Snyder","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cronobacter spp. contamination in powdered infant formula (PIF) can cause infections in high-risk infants. Public health guidelines for caregivers of high-risk infants advise reconstitution of PIF using water heated to at least 70°C (158°F) for microbial inactivation. This study evaluated changes to water temperature under different heating and cooling scenarios during formula preparation, aiming to identify which conditions best ensure a minimum treatment temperature of 158°F (70°C). Vessel type, lid usage, vessel removal from the heat source, and water volume were tested for their effects on heat retention. The \"hot shot\" method which uses a small volume of hot water followed by a larger volume of cooled water was also evaluated. In many scenarios, water temperatures fell below 158°F (70°C) during the steps prior to PIF reconstitution. The water temperature prior to transfer to the bottle, bottle material, and capacity, and volume of transferred water significantly impacted temperature (p<0.001). The temperature of formula immediately following shaking was as high as 179.5±1.6°F (81.9±0.9°C) and as low as 138.0±1.3°F (58.9±0.7°C), depending on the preparation conditions. Bottle material and capacity, water volume, and initial water temperature significantly impacted the temperature of reconstituted PIF. Small volumes (2 fl. oz) of water in small glass bottles cooled the quickest. The hotshot method yielded temperatures well below 158°F (70°C). Measuring the temperature of hot water in the bottle and adding PIF when it cooled to 165°F (73.8°C) resulted in formula temperatures at or above 158°F (70°C) in almost all cases achieving a >5 log CFU/mL C. sakazakii reduction. However, 30 s of passive cooling was required to ensure pathogen lethality. PIF labels were reviewed, and lacked detailed information about how caregivers of high-risk infants should use hot water to reconstitute PIF. Our findings can help shape guidelines that improve PIF reconstitution practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":" ","pages":"100571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Staphylococcus Enterotoxin sea and seb in Milk Samples by Duplex Droplet Digital PCR.","authors":"Xiaoyue Wei, Wenzhou Wang, Tong Wang, Yuhua Yang, Yahui Guo, Lijin Long, Jiaming Fan, Fanliang Meng, Wentao Liu, Wanting Wang, Yakun Zhao, Jianling Chen, Fei Zhao, Jianzhong Zhang, Xiaomei Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study sought to develop a method to accurately and quantitatively measure the staphylococcal enterotoxin genes sea and seb in milk samples using duplex droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). Specific primers and probes were designed for sea and seb. By optimizing the concentrations of primers and probes and the annealing temperature, a duplex ddPCR detection system was established, and the specificity and sensitivity of the method were evaluated. Standard curves were generated using plasmid DNA, pure cultures, and milk samples spiked with Staphylococcus aureus, and a high correlation coefficient (R² = 0.99) was achieved within the ranges of 1 × 10¹-1 × 10⁵ copies/μL, 2 × 10³-2 × 10⁷ cfu/mL, and 2 × 10³-2 × 10⁷ cfu/mL, respectively, for these samples. Using the gradient dilution method with pure cultures and milk samples spiked with S. aureus, the limit of detection (LOD) was 2 × 10³ cfu/mL using primers targeting both enterotoxin genes. The test results exhibited good accuracy and repeatability, with three parallel repetitions revealing intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient of variations of <10% and <20%, respectively. When milk samples were spiked with S. aureus at concentrations of 2 × 10¹ and 2 × 10² cfu/mL, both sea and seb could be detected during the fourth and fifth hours of pre-enrichment, respectively. This study successfully established a duplex ddPCR detection system with high sensitivity and specificity for the quantitative detection of sea and seb in milk samples, thereby permitting the accurate detection of S. aureus directly in milk specimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":" ","pages":"100569"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized Molecular Detection of Cryptosporidium within the Water-Soil-Plant-Food Nexus: Advancing Surveillance in Agricultural Systems.","authors":"Robyn Marijn Schipper, Loandi Richter-Mouton, Lise Korsten","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryptosporidium, a protozoan parasite causing severe diarrheal illness in humans and animals, poses detection challenges due to low parasite concentrations, inhibitors, and inefficient DNA extraction. This study optimized DNA extraction and detection of Cryptosporidium in environmental samples and evaluated their practical use in agriculture. After evaluating 11 DNA extraction methods from spiked phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) samples, three methods for molecular detection of Cryptosporidium in water, soil, and fresh produce were selected and further tested using real-time PCR. A total of 188 artificially contaminated samples were prepared, consisting of distilled water (n=36), environmental water (n=44), soil (n=36), and fresh produce (lettuce and spinach; n=72). Each sample was inoculated with serial dilutions of 12500 to 5 Cryptosporidium oocysts and tested using real-time PCR and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to evaluate detection sensitivity. Results demonstrated that extraction performance varied by matrix, with two spin-column kits excelling for water and another for soil and produce. DNA from as few as five oocysts was occasionally detectable, with ddPCR being less prone to be affected by PCR inhibitors than real-time PCR. These methods were then applied to detect Cryptosporidium in 210 environmental samples (water, soil, produce) from South African small-scale farms. None of the samples tested positive with real-time PCR, while ddPCR detected Cryptosporidium in 13.6% of water, 23.3% of soil, and 34.7% of fresh produce samples. Surface water showed the highest contamination at 28.6%. Soil amended with both fertilizer and manure had a 45% contamination rate. Among vegetables, roots were most affected (46.7%), followed by fruiting (40%) and leafy greens (30.15%). These findings highlight the health risks of Cryptosporidium in food systems and the need for improved detection methods to enhance surveillance and inform future outbreak prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":" ","pages":"100568"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Characterization of Campylobacter Species Isolated from U.S. Swine: 2021 NAHMS Enteric Study.","authors":"Catherine A Gensler, Mabel K Aworh, Nigatu Atlaw, Stephanie C Hempstead, Charles A Haley, Alyson M Wiedenheft, Katherine L Marshall, Paula J Fedorka-Cray, Megan E Jacob","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While Campylobacter species are often considered normal gastrointestinal commensal bacteria in many food animals, some species may cause gastrointestinal or reproductive diseases in swine. The U.S. swine industry lacks recent Campylobacter species prevalence estimates, which are useful in animal and public health management recommendations. This study describes the prevalence and characteristics, including antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Campylobacter species as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) Swine 2021 study. Campylobacter species were isolated using culture-based methods, and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect common AMR genes in isolates resistant to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid. The Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) was used to assess clonality. A total of 1,043 fecal samples were collected from 39 swine operations. Campylobacter species were detected in 321/1,043 samples (30.8%) and on 32 of 39 operations (82%); two different species were recovered from one sample, yielding 322 isolates. Campylobacter species included C. coli (309/322; 96%) and C. hyointestinalis (13/322; 4%). Six isolates failed to remain viable after storage, yielding 316 for AMR testing. Regardless of species, resistance was most often observed to tetracycline 282/316 (89.2%). Multidrug resistance (MDR to ≥3 drug classes) was observed in 110/316 isolates (51.9%). The tetO gene, determined from isolates prior to storage, was commonly seen (285/322; 88.5%) across all isolates. The ERIC-PCR indicated some clonality by swine operation site but overall lacked the sensitivity to broadly described the population structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":" ","pages":"100567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motivations and Barriers to Implementing Produce Food Safety Practices","authors":"Gregory Astill ,&nbsp;D. Adeline Yeh ,&nbsp;Donna Clements ,&nbsp;Gretchen Wall ,&nbsp;Suzanne Thornsbury ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Newbold ,&nbsp;Travis Minor ,&nbsp;Christopher Callahan ,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Bihn","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study utilizes a unique set of primary data collected from produce growers who sell to U.S. markets. The research assesses the implementation of on-farm produce safety practices, identifies the biggest challenges faced by growers to date, and explores barriers to further adoption of new practices. The majority of survey respondents reported implementing produce safety practices on their farms. Key challenges identified include recordkeeping, wildlife and domesticated animals, worker health and hygiene training, and job-specific produce safety worker training. Motivators for adopting produce safety practices include regulatory compliance, personal commitment to produce safety, maintaining market access, and reducing liability. Time and financial constraints were the most commonly reported barriers across all food safety practices, with the impact varying depending on the specific practice. The findings highlight the importance of outreach and support for growers who continue to face difficulties in implementing produce safety practices. Providing evidence-based education that simplifies the adoption of risk-reducing tools and techniques supports enhancing produce safety and public health. Additionally, targeted research focusing on vulnerabilities, behavioral change factors, and cost-effective mitigation strategies can assist growers in effectively identifying risks and implementing safety practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 8","pages":"Article 100562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Evaluation of Potential Sources of Toxic Metals in the Poultry Industry in Bangladesh: Dietary Exposure and Toxicological Implications","authors":"Tasrina Rabia Choudhury ,&nbsp;Faria Jahan ,&nbsp;M. Nur E. Alam ,&nbsp;L.N. Lutfa ,&nbsp;Tanzina Iveen Chowdhury ,&nbsp;M. Safiur Rahman ,&nbsp;Shafi Mohammad Tareq","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ongoing industrial development, coupled with rising concerns about the quality of poultry products, highlights an urgent need for careful monitoring of vital sectors, especially the poultry industry, which serves as an important source of protein for many families. In our study, we analyzed 45 real samples from five zones in the heavily industrialized area around Dhaka. We utilized advanced techniques such as graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS), hydride generation (HG)-AAS, and flame (F)-AAS methods to assess the presence of toxic heavy metals (HMs), including Pb, Cd, Cr, As, and Ni, as well as essential trace elements such as Mn, Cu, and Zn, which may become harmful when present at elevated levels. The concentration ranges in poultry meat and egg samples were as follows (mg/kg-fw): Pb (1.215–5.66), Cd (0.01–0.019), Cr (0.199–14.58), As (0.01–0.2), Ni (1.69–10.55), and Mn (0.22–6.47). Furthermore, the poultry feed samples presented varying concentrations (mg/kg): Pb (4.53–6.14), Cd (0.17–0.2), Cr (20.4–516.62), As (0.27–0.39), Ni (35.17–66.06), Mn (11.65–84.39), Cu (2.43–7.09), and Zn (17.38–56.38). Some components (Cr, Ni, and Pb) were found in similar ratios in chicken feed samples and poultry products, indicating that poultry feed is a potential source of such elements in poultry products. Newly identified higher levels of Ni demand further investigation into this sector and how it incorporates the studied components. The mean concentrations of most elements in foods exceeded the maximum allowable concentration (MAC), which indicates that some other sources were involved. Furthermore, the dietary and toxicological assessment highlighted concerns related to Cr, Pb, and Ni exposure, indicating a possible serious toxicological impact (CR index for Cr: 0.0014) on human health. Therefore, it is imperative to acknowledge the potential health risks posed to consumers through chemical exposure to chicken meat and eggs. These issues must be addressed to ensure food safety and protect public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 8","pages":"Article 100565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation and Evaluation of the Healthy Risk of Heavy Metal Contents in Astragalus membranaceus of Shaanxi Province","authors":"Cai-xia Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Liu ,&nbsp;Yongbing Cheng ,&nbsp;Lei Cao ,&nbsp;Hua Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Astragalus membranaceus</em> is a widely used herbal medicine. This study was conducted to understand the heavy metal contents of <em>A. membranaceus</em> in Shaanxi Province of China and to evaluate the potential human health risks associated with its consumption. A total of 100 samples of <em>A. membranaceus</em> were collected during the harvest period in Shaanxi province. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to analyze cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), total chromium (Cr), total arsenic (As), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), selenium (Se), barium (Ba), molybdenum (Mo) in each sample, and the elements’ contents were evaluated. Total mercury(Hg) was measured using a direct mercury analyzer. The mean content of these elements in <em>A. membranaceus</em> was significantly different. All samples contained detectable concentrations of Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, As, Cu, Co, Ba, and Mo. The concentrations of Hg and Se in certain specimens of <em>A. membranaceus</em> were found to be below the limits of detection. The contents of each element in all samples were lower than the legal limit published by the World Health Organization. Additionally, the contents of Cu, As, Hg, Cd, and Pb all conformed to the standards of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020. In this study, the target hazard quotient (THQ) for each metal and the hazard index (HI) through consumption of <em>A. membranaceus</em> were less than 1, indicating no significant noncarcinogenic risk associated with the consumption of <em>A. membranaceus</em> from the Shaanxi areas of China. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of each carcinogenic metal and the total carcinogenic risk (TCR) of all carcinogenic metals from <em>A. membranaceus</em> consumption for both adults and children were lower than the acceptable limit (ILCR and TCR = 10⁻⁴). This study used the total amount of elements for evaluation and did not consider the different forms of the elements in <em>A. membranaceus</em>. It also did not take into account the dissolution rate of heavy metals from <em>A. membranaceus</em> or the bioavailability of the elements. So this study employed a conservative evaluation method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 8","pages":"Article 100563"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Consumer Willingness to Pay for Food Safety in Produce: A Focus on Small vs. Large Farms.","authors":"Autumn Stoll, Maria I Marshall, Renee Wiatt, Yaohua Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple studies have investigated consumers' willingness to pay premium prices for produce grown under conditions that are more regulated and safer than those of conventionally grown crops. However, little is known about whether the presence of food safety labels and farm size affects consumer willingness to pay for produce at premium prices. The purpose of this study was to identify consumer willingness to pay for produce with a food safety label from various farm sizes to determine consumer food safety preferences. An online survey was conducted with consumers (n= 914), which included a willingness to pay section with four scenarios to purchase produce. Each scenario included farm size, label, and inspection status. A significant majority of consumers expressed a willingness to pay premium price for produce with a food safety label from both small- sized farms (72%; p<0.001) and large-sized farms (69%; p<0.001). However, 36% said they were willing to pay a premium of no more than 10% for produce from small-sized farms. The findings of this study indicate an increased price to consumers may not be suitable motivation for farmers to adopt on-farm food safety practices, suggesting other on-farm food safety techniques should be investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":" ","pages":"100564"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of Multistate Outbreak Investigations of Salmonella Infections Linked to Fish and Fishery Products, United States – 2012–2021","authors":"Stelios Viazis ,&nbsp;Meredith Lindsay ,&nbsp;Jennifer Cripe ,&nbsp;Spencer Carran ,&nbsp;Tiffany Greenlee ,&nbsp;Sharon Seelman Federman ,&nbsp;Colin Schwensohn ,&nbsp;Thai-An Nguyen ,&nbsp;Cary Chen Parker","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salmonella</em> infections linked to seafood consumption have the potential to cause serious illness, with reported incidence of foodborne illness associated with contaminated seafood increasing in the past decade. While technological advancements over the last decade have made significant progress in the detection, reporting, and determining the source of illness from bacterial pathogens including <em>Salmonella</em>, prevention of these illnesses remains the same, basic sanitation control. We examined data from <em>Salmonella</em> outbreaks linked to fish and fishery products (excluding raw molluscan shellfish) during the period 2012–2021. In that time, there were five confirmed multistate <em>Salmonella</em> outbreaks, including 633 illnesses and 92 hospitalizations associated with fish and fishery products, and four additional multistate outbreaks with 88 illnesses and 12 hospitalizations where fish and fishery products were a suspect vehicle. We summarize common findings and challenges in the traceback investigations related to these outbreaks, particularly considering traceback challenges involving imported seafood, and discuss sanitary practices and regulatory approaches to prevent <em>Salmonella</em> outbreaks linked to fish and fishery products. Some of the most frequent insanitary observations included the safety of the water used in manufacturing food and ice; using water hoses to create overspray that may cross-contaminate food and food contact surfaces in the processing areas; and inadequate cleaning and sanitizing. Environmental contamination (e.g. from bird feces and insects) and improperly sanitized surfaces and cutting tools were also observed in some inspections. Sanitation controls are especially critical for raw ready-to-eat seafood and controls ensuring proper cooking and sanitary conditions and practices after cooking are critical for cooked products. These sanitation controls prevent foodborne outbreaks and recalls, safeguard consumers, and maintain trust in the food supply chain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 8","pages":"Article 100566"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}