Journal of food protection最新文献

{"title":"Preparation Methods and Perceived Risk of Foodborne Illness Among Consumers of Prepackaged Frozen Vegetables - United States, September 2022.","authors":"Michelle Canning, Michael Ablan, Tamara N Crawford, Amanda Conrad, Alexandra Busbee, Misha Robyn, Katherine E Marshall","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis, a serious infection, with a high mortality rate for persons at higher risk for listeriosis. The first Listeria outbreak linked to frozen vegetables occurred in 2016 and resulted in three deaths. Many frozen vegetables are intended to be consumed after cooking. However, data on consumer behavior are sparse. We characterized consumers' perceptions of contamination of prepackaged frozen vegetables, and preparation methods of prepackaged frozen vegetables to help inform prevention strategies. During September 1-24, 2022, Porter Novelli Public Services conducted the FallStyles survey using the Ipsos KnowledgePanel. Data were weighted to be representative of the U.S. population. Point estimates and 95% CIs were calculated and differences between respondents were determined using Wald chi square tests. Among 3,008 respondents reporting a preparation and consumption method for frozen vegetables, 8.7% (95% CI = 7.4%-10.0%) reported ever consuming the product raw. Respondents who reported having children <18 years old were more likely to report ever consuming frozen vegetables raw compared with respondents who did not (12.5% vs. 7.4%, p<0.01). The most reported raw preparation method was adding them directly to a blender for smoothie or juice (5.6%; 95% CI = 4.6%-6.7%). Among respondents who reported eating frozen vegetables, 59.6% (95% CI = 57.6%-61.6%) reported following package instructions. A third (34.1% [95% CI = 32.2%-35.9%]) of respondents agreed that frozen vegetables can be contaminated with germs (like Salmonella, E. coli, and Listeria), with a greater proportion of people with cancer disagreeing compared to those without cancer (32.5% vs 23.4%, p=0.041). These findings show that some consumers may not be cooking frozen vegetables before eating them. Second, consumers might not be reading instructions on packaging. Both findings highlight the critical importance of preventive controls in the production of frozen vegetables prior to reaching the consumer.</p>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":" ","pages":"100440"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Heat-treated Poultry Pellets and Composted Poultry Litter on E. coli Survival in Southeastern US Soils: Florida and Georgia.","authors":"Karuna Kharel, Cameron A Bardsley, Charles Bency Appolon, Laurel L Dunn, Govindaraj Dev Kumar, Krishna Prabha, Manan Sharma, Michelle D Danyluk, Keith R Schneider","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biological soil amendments of animal origin (BSAAO) are a source of foodborne pathogens that can contaminate fresh produce. This study evaluated the survival of E. coli over 140 d in agricultural soils amended with composted poultry litter (PL), heat-treated poultry pellets (HTPP), or unamended (UN) in Florida (FL) and Georgia (GA). Raised-bed plots (1 x 3 m²; n=3) were either left unamended (UN) or amended with PL or HTPP (680 g/plot). Each plot was spray-inoculated with 1 L of rifampicin-resistant E.coli (7-8 log CFU/mL) and hand-tilled into the soil (∼5.9 and 4.5 log CFU/g for FL and GA, respectively). Soil samples were enumerated using a spread plate or most probable number technique at 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, 84, 112, and 140 d. Weather-related parameters were collected to assess their impact on E. coli survival. A mixed-model analysis was used to evaluate factors influencing E. coli survival, a biphasic model was used for the E. coli die-off rate, and Spearman correlations were used to understand the associations between environmental factors and survival. Time, amendment type and location*treatment*time influenced (P < 0.05) the survival of E. coli in soil. In FL, HTPP-amended soils supported higher levels of E. coli compared to PL-amended soils; in Georgia, similar survival was observed between PL- and HTPP-amended soils, both of which were higher (P < 0.05) than in UN soils. In both locations, E. coli levels fell to the limit of detection (-0.24 log MPN/g) by 112 d in UN plots; however, they persisted at levels between 0.30-1.57 log CFU/g in HTTP- and PL-amended soils until 140 d. Weak to moderate correlations were observed for rainfall and soil moisture and their effect on E. coli survival; no other weather factors were impactful. The use of BSAAO in soils can prolong the survival of E. coli (>140 d) irrespective of the factors intrinsic to the locations and have implications regarding the safe use of BSAAOs during fruit and vegetable production.</p>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":" ","pages":"100439"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Dairy Manure Compost with Alkaline Walnut Hull Biochar.","authors":"Joshua B Gurtler, Charles A Mullen","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biochar has been used to accelerate heating profiles during composting by increasing oxygenation, which could also reduce microbial pathogens. However, the antimicrobial inactivation of foodborne pathogens in compost, by amending with biochar without increased heating profiles, has not been evaluated. In this study, we examined the ability of biochar to inactivate E. coli O157:H7 (EC) in fresh dairy manure compost by amending with one of four types of biochar. Two slow pyrolysis biochars (high temperature walnut hull biochar [HTWHB], and walnut hull cyclone biochar [WHCB]), and two fast pyrolysis biochars were examined. Compost with 8.1 log CFU/g of EC + 10% amended biochar was held at 22°C and analyzed for EC weekly. The control treatment sustained ca. 8.7 log CFU of EC through week 7; however, the bacterium was not detected by direct plating in WHCB compost (below the detection limit) by day 7, through the entire 49 days (which may be attributed to increased compost alkalinity [i.e., pH 10.76]). Populations of EC in compost supplemented with 10% of the three other biochars sustained EC populations ≥ 9.2 log through the balance of the study. The four biochars were further tested in soil at 17% moisture to determine if concentrations as low as 3.5% could inactivate EC. When 3.5% HTWHB was added to soil, populations were 5.1 log CFU lower than when 10% of the same biochar was amended into dairy compost by week 3. This may indicate that alkaline biochar, amended into lower moisture, soil may be more biocidal than when alkaline biochar is added to high moisture manure compost. The current study demonstrates that highly alkaline walnut hull cyclone biochar is capable of reducing up to 8 log of EC in high moisture fresh compost in only 7 days, while as little as 3.5% alkaline WHCB in 17% moisture soil can reduce 6.7 log of EC in only 14 days. These results may assist farmers in amending compost, manure, cattle feedlots, or soil with biochar to reduce EC, and potentially other pathogens (e.g., Salmonella enterica, Campylobacter jejuni, and Listeria monocytogenes), with the goal of reducing the dissemination of human bacterial pathogens to meat, poultry, and fresh produce.</p>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":" ","pages":"100438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella species on U.S. swine sites as part of the NAHMS 2021 swine enteric study.","authors":"Stephanie C Hempstead, Catherine A Gensler, Charles A Haley, Alyson M Wiedenheft, James B Robertson, Paula J Fedorka-Cray, Megan E Jacob","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salmonella species are an important cause of systemic and gastrointestinal disease in animals and humans worldwide; they are also increasingly resistant to multiple classes of antimicrobials which may aid in their treatment and control. Salmonella can also be shed asymptomatically. The aim of this study was to survey the U.S. swine industry to determine and update estimates of Salmonella prevalence, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), replicon distribution, and biofilm potential as part of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) 2021 Swine Study. A total of 1,043 fecal samples were collected from finishing swine 20 weeks and older on 39 sites, from November 2021 through April 2022. Salmonella detection was culture-based and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution; replicon typing was completed by PCR. Biofilm potential was assessed using a crystal violet assay and normalized to a positive control strain. Overall, the prevalence of Salmonella in swine feces was low (3.9%; 41 of 1,043) and comprised of a broad range of serotypes including S. Derby (34.1%) and S. I 4,[5],12:i:- (22.0%), also found previously. Resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent was detected in 61.0% of isolates with the most prevalent resistance to tetracycline (53.7%). Multidrug resistance (≥3 antimicrobial classes) was found in 26.8% of isolates. The most prevalent replicon types detected were IncHI2 (24.4%) and IncA/C (24.4%), both of which have previously been associated with Salmonella isolated from swine. The majority (85.4%) of isolates formed some biofilm in vitro, characterized as weak (36.6%), moderate (39.0%), or strong (9.8%), with no major associations among common serotype or AMR pattern. Surveillance programs updating prevalence and characteristics of Salmonella in the U.S. swine population will inform ongoing farm-level and public health efforts to mitigate animal and human health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":" ","pages":"100435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of air and oxygen micro-nano bubble waters against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and impacts on postharvest quality of 'Fan Retief' guava fruit.","authors":"Harold K Malahlela, Zinash A Belay, Rebogile R Mphahlele, Oluwafemi James Caleb","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study focused on the application of micro-nano bubbles (MNB) water generated using air or oxygen (O₂), as an alternative to chlorine-based wash for fruits. For the in vitro and in vivo investigation, 10⁶ spore or conidia/mL Colletotrichum gloeosporioides suspension was used, and treated with solutions of air- or O₂-MNB for 30- or 60-min, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and untreated (as control). In the second experiment, freshly harvested guava fruits were washed with tap water (control), NaOCl (standard practice), air- or O₂-MNB (for 15- or 30-min). All samples were packaged, stored for 21 days at 13°C, and monitored for changes in natural microbial population and quality attributes. Based on the confocal laser and transmission electron microscopy results, exposure of C. gloeosporioides to air-MNB for 60 min resulted in the lowest viable cell count (%) compared to control and other treatments (O₂-MNB and NaOCl). Air- and O₂-MNB treatments damaged cellular structures, disrupted cell membrane integrity, and deformed hyphal morphology. Washing 'Fan Retief' guava (Psidium guajava L.) in air- or O₂-MNB (for 15 and/or 30 min), better retained tissue strength, delayed changes in colour and total soluble solid (TSS) content. Notably, MNB treatments were as effective as NaOCl washing and significantly reduced microbial load on fruit surface by ≥ 2 Log (p < 0.05). Micro-nano bubble water treatment offers a new paradigm for decontamination and preservation of guava fruit quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":" ","pages":"100437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of improved sanitation standard operation procedures on microbial populations at three tree fruit packing facilities.","authors":"M Laura Rolon, Marysabel Mendez Acevedo, Priscilla Sinclair, Dumitru Macarisin, Luke F LaBorde, Jasna Kovac","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cleaning and sanitizing are of vital importance to control Listeria monocytogenes in food processing facilities. Here, we evaluated the effect of four cleaning and sanitation standard operating procedures (SSOPs; T1, T2, T3, T4) on the reduction of total aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, the occurrence of L. monocytogenes, and the microbiota composition in three tree fruit packing facilities (F1, F2, F3) over two packing seasons (Y1, Y2). Environmental samples were collected from non-food contact surfaces before and after the application of SSOPs. Total aerobic bacteria were quantified using a standard plate count method, and Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes concentration was quantified using a Most Probable Number method. Amplicon sequencing was used to determine bacterial and fungal microbiota composition, and Nanopore sequencing was used to detect functional elements in the microbiota that could promote survival and persistence of L. monocytogenes in the studied environments. Use of SSOPs reduced total bacterial load by 0.27 to 2.48 log₁₀ CFU/swab (p ≤ 0.001). Among the treatments tested, inclusion of a biofilm remover in T4 was most effective in significantly reducing the total Listeria spp. concentration by 1.57 to 1.27 log₁₀ MPN/swab (p < 0.02) and the frequency of L. monocytogenes, although the latter was not statistically significant. We observed inconsistent changes in the bacterial and fungal microbiota composition due to the application of cleaning and sanitizing SSOPs, which may be due to the presence of dead DNA after the treatment. Using Nanopore sequencing, we detected functional elements related to biofilm formation and stress resistance in the microbiomes of the studied environments. Overall, our study shows that the implementation of SSOPs improved the sanitation outcomes in tree fruit packing facilities. There is a need for the future work to focus on optimizing and validating the standard operating procedures, especially in the areas in which SSOPs were less effective, such as those covered with wax residues.</p>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":" ","pages":"100436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of 16s Long Read Metabarcoding for Characterizing the Microbiome and Salmonella Contamination of Retail Poultry Meat.","authors":"Zachary Tobar, Katie Y Lee, Megan E Gaa, Bryshal P Moore, Xunde Li, Maurice E Pitesky","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The traditional gold standard for detection of Salmonella in meat products is bacterial culture with enrichment. While this method is highly sensitive, it is slow and provides an incomplete assessment of isolate taxonomy in positive samples. This study presents a novel PCR based detection assay which amplifies the 16s-ITS-23s region which is an approximately 2500 base pair region of the larger ribosomal rrn operon. Intra-assay variation was assessed by splitting each biological sample into 3 technical replicates. Limits of detection (LOD) were assessed by utilizing a serial dilution of a pure culture of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg spiked into either sterile 1× PBS or 1× PBS rinsate of a Salmonella culture-negative chicken meat sample. Results indicate the 16s metabarcoding assay evaluated here could not be reliably used for the detection of Salmonella in adulterated retail meat samples as the LOD observed, 4.70 log colony forming units (CFU)/ml, is above the expected concentration of Salmonella in retail poultry meat samples which previous studies have shown range from under 1 to 2 log CFU/ml. However, due to greater taxonomic resolution afforded by using 16s long reads, the assay allowed alpha diversity assessment of the microbiome of raw poultry meat with the ability to assign taxonomy to the species and strain level for some amplicon sequence variants (ASV). This indicates this process may have value characterizing biodiversity and pathogen contamination of poultry samples in earlier steps of the poultry meat production process where bacterial contamination concentrations are likely to be higher.</p>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":" ","pages":"100434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of antimicrobial biopolymer film incorporated with a mixture of Sodium Lactate and Diacetate and studying its efficacy against Listeria monocytogenes and microbiological spoilage in deli meat over 12-weeks of storage.","authors":"Katherine Sierra, Luis Guzman, Vianca Tashiguano, Telah Black, Payten Leeds, Jakob Doster, Laura Garner, Sungeun Cho, Yucheng Peng, Amit Morey","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food packaging is a major contributor to environmental pollution and is a concern among customers who are pushing the food industry towards innovative, sustainable, and biodegradable plastic-alternative packaging materials. The integration of biomolecules derived from agricultural waste has the potential to enhance the mechanical properties of these novel packaging materials. Additionally, incorporating antimicrobial agents can improve food safety and extend shelf life, thereby increasing the market acceptance of these environmentally friendly packaging solutions. Research was conducted to (1) develop and evaluate mechanical properties of plastic-alternative films with chicken skin gelatin and antimicrobials (a mixture of sodium lactate and sodium diacetate (LD)) ; and (2) evaluate the efficacy of the antimicrobial films against Listeria monocytogenes and microbiological spoilage of fully cooked, beef bologna. Through the 12-week storage, the LD biopolymer film initially exhibited bacteriostatic effects, followed by bactericidal (decrease of ∼2 log CFU/g), and again bacteriostatic effect on the pathogen during weeks 0-4, 5-6, and 7-12, respectively. The biopolymer film with antimicrobial reduced the spoilage microorganism's growth by 0.6 log CFU/g over the 12-weeks of storage. Our research demonstrates that biopolymer films can be incorporated with antimicrobials and can be highly effective in controlling Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products during storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":" ","pages":"100433"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hurdle Approach to Simulate Corn Wet Milling Inactivation of Undesirable Microorganisms: A Pilot Scale Microbial Challenge Study Using Salmonella Surrogate Enterococcus faecium.","authors":"Erin Kealey, Madeline Shick, Minho Kim, Ruben Chavez, Gordon Shetley, David Stenger, Kirk A Perreau, Allison Cooke, Cecil Barnett-Neefs, Matthew J Stasiewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Corn wet milling (CWM) and corn starch flash drying processing conditions reduce undesirable microorganisms, such as Salmonella.Finished products are historically safe, with intrinsic properties such as low water activity inhibiting microbial growth. Corn processors could use quantified levels of reduction in this study of Salmonella surrogate Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) to update their food safety plans. Industry-relevant conditions for CWM processes were recreated at pilot or lab scale for 3 unit operations: (1) steeping treatment in sulfur dioxide (SO₂) with low (750 ppm SO₂, 20 hours, 43.3°C), medium (1,500 ppm SO₂, 30 hours, 48.9°C), and high (2,200 ppm SO₂, 40 hours, 53.3°C) treatment conditions; (2) hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) treatment tested on bench scale with a factorial design (pH 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5), H₂O₂ concentrations (0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% (w/w)), and temperatures (32, 38, and 46°C) for 3 and 6 hours; (3) flash drying treatment at 4 different temperatures (149, 177, 204, and 232°C) with 2 different inoculation methods. E. faecium was reduced during each of these unit operations. By the end of each steeping treatment E. faecium was consistently below the limit of quantitation (LOQ), meaning > 6.5 log CFU/mL reduction in steep water, and > 3.7 log CFU/g reduction in ground corn. The peroxide step had a reduction range from 0.03 log CFU/mL in the control group (0% H₂O₂ added) to >6 log CFU/mL observed in the high-intensity treatment of corn starch slurry. Flash drying had a reduction range from 1.7 to 2.7 log CFU/g. There was also no biologically meaningful change (<1 log CFU/g reduction) of E. faecium counts during an 8-week survival study of the dried final product. This hurdle approach study shows that existing CWM conditions are effective for Salmonella surrogate reduction through processing into finished starch and provides quantified E. faecium reductions for use in of food safety plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":" ","pages":"100432"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Viable but Nonculturable E. coli Induced by Low-Level Antimicrobials Using AI-Enabled Hyperspectral Microscopy.","authors":"MeiLi Papa, Aarham Wasit, Justin Pecora, Teresa M Bergholz, Jiyoon Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid detection of bacterial pathogens is essential for food safety and public health, yet bacteria can evade detection by entering a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state under sublethal stress, such as antimicrobial residues. These bacteria remain active but undetectable by standard culture-based methods without extensive enrichment, necessitating advanced detection methods. This study developed an AI-enabled hyperspectral microscope imaging (HMI) framework for rapid VBNC detection under low-level antimicrobials. The objectives were to (i) induce the VBNC state in Escherichia coli K-12 by exposure to selected antimicrobial stressors, (ii) obtain HMI data capturing physiological changes in VBNC cells, and (iii) automate the classification of normal and VBNC cells using deep learning image classification. The VBNC state was induced by low-level oxidative (0.01% hydrogen peroxide) and acidic (0.001% peracetic acid) stressors for 3 days, confirmed by live-dead staining and plate counting. HMI provided spatial and spectral data, extracted into pseudo-RGB images using three characteristic spectral wavelengths. An EfficientNetV2-based convolutional neural network architecture was trained on these pseudo-RGB images, achieving 97.1% accuracy of VBNC classification (n = 200), outperforming the model trained on RGB images at 83.3%. The results highlight the potential for rapid, automated VBNC detection using AI-enabled hyperspectral microscopy, contributing to timely intervention to prevent foodborne illnesses and outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":" ","pages":"100430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}