Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella Species on U.S. Swine Sites as Part of the NAHMS 2021 Swine Enteric Study

IF 2.1 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI:10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100435

Stephanie C. Hempstead , Catherine A. Gensler , Charles A. Haley , Alyson M. Wiedenheft , James B. Robertson , Paula J. Fedorka-Cray , Megan E. Jacob

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Salmonella species are an important cause of systemic and gastrointestinal disease in animals and humans worldwide; they are also increasingly resistant to multiple classes of antimicrobials which may aid in their treatment and control. Salmonella can also be shed asymptomatically. The aim of this study was to survey the U.S. swine industry to determine and update estimates of Salmonella prevalence, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), replicon distribution, and biofilm potential as part of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) 2021 Swine Study. A total of 1,043 fecal samples were collected from finishing swine 20 weeks and older on 39 sites, from November 2021 through April 2022. Salmonella detection was culture-based and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution; replicon typing was completed by PCR. Biofilm potential was assessed using a crystal violet assay and normalized to a positive control strain. Overall, the prevalence of Salmonella in swine feces was low (3.9%; 41 of 1,043) and comprised of a broad range of serotypes including S. Derby (34.1%) and S. I 4,[5],12:i:- (22.0%), also found previously. Resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent was detected in 61.0% of isolates with the most prevalent resistance to tetracycline (53.7%). Multidrug resistance (≥3 antimicrobial classes) was found in 26.8% of isolates. The most prevalent replicon types detected were IncHI2 (24.4%) and IncA/C (24.4%), both of which have previously been associated with Salmonella isolated from swine. The majority (85.4%) of isolates formed some biofilm in vitro, characterized as weak (36.6%), moderate (39.0%), or strong (9.8%), with no major associations among common serotype or AMR pattern. Surveillance programs updating the prevalence and characteristics of Salmonella in the U.S. swine population will inform ongoing farm-level and public health efforts to mitigate animal and human health risks.

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作为 NAHMS 2021 年猪肠道研究的一部分，美国养猪场沙门氏菌的流行情况和特征。

沙门氏菌是导致全球动物和人类全身性疾病和胃肠道疾病的一个重要原因；它们对多种抗菌药的耐药性也越来越强，这可能有助于它们的治疗和控制。沙门氏菌还可以无症状地传播。作为美国农业部（USDA）国家动物健康监测系统（NAHMS）2021 年猪研究的一部分，本研究旨在调查美国养猪业，以确定和更新沙门氏菌流行率、抗菌药耐药性（AMR）、复制子分布和生物膜潜力的估计值。从 2021 年 11 月到 2022 年 4 月，共在 39 个地点收集了 1043 份 20 周及以上育成猪的粪便样本。沙门氏菌检测以培养为基础，抗菌药敏感性通过肉汤微量稀释法确定；复制子分型通过 PCR 完成。生物膜潜力采用水晶紫检测法进行评估，并与阳性对照菌株进行归一化。总体而言，猪粪便中沙门氏菌的流行率较低（3.9%；1,043 头中有 41 头），并由多种血清型组成，包括 S. Derby（34.1%）和 S. I 4,[5],12:i:-（22.0%），这在以前也曾发现过。61.0%的分离株对至少一种抗菌药产生耐药性，其中对四环素的耐药性最为普遍（53.7%）。在 26.8%的分离株中发现了多重耐药性（≥3 种抗菌药物）。检测到的最普遍的复制子类型是 IncHI2（24.4%）和 IncA/C（24.4%），这两种类型以前都与从猪体内分离出的沙门氏菌有关。大多数（85.4%）分离菌株在体外形成了一些生物膜，其特征为弱（36.6%）、中（39.0%）或强（9.8%），常见血清型或 AMR 模式之间没有重大关联。更新美国猪群中沙门氏菌流行率和特征的监测计划将为正在进行的农场和公共卫生工作提供信息，以降低动物和人类健康风险。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of food protection 工程技术-生物工程与应用微生物

CiteScore

4.20

自引率

5.00%

发文量

296

审稿时长

2.5 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Food Protection® (JFP) is an international, monthly scientific journal in the English language published by the International Association for Food Protection (IAFP). JFP publishes research and review articles on all aspects of food protection and safety. Major emphases of JFP are placed on studies dealing with: Tracking, detecting (including traditional, molecular, and real-time), inactivating, and controlling food-related hazards, including microorganisms (including antibiotic resistance), microbial (mycotoxins, seafood toxins) and non-microbial toxins (heavy metals, pesticides, veterinary drug residues, migrants from food packaging, and processing contaminants), allergens and pests (insects, rodents) in human food, pet food and animal feed throughout the food chain; Microbiological food quality and traditional/novel methods to assay microbiological food quality; Prevention of food-related hazards and food spoilage through food preservatives and thermal/non-thermal processes, including process validation; Food fermentations and food-related probiotics; Safe food handling practices during pre-harvest, harvest, post-harvest, distribution and consumption, including food safety education for retailers, foodservice, and consumers; Risk assessments for food-related hazards; Economic impact of food-related hazards, foodborne illness, food loss, food spoilage, and adulterated foods; Food fraud, food authentication, food defense, and foodborne disease outbreak investigations.