Journal of food protection最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of UVC-Assisted Fenton Reaction Wash-Based System to Inactivate Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes on Cherry Tomatoes","authors":"Xuetong Fan ,&nbsp;Joshua B. Gurtler ,&nbsp;Jessica Baik ,&nbsp;Christina M. Garner ,&nbsp;Bryan T. Vinyard","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Fenton reaction results when hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) interacts with the ferrous ion, producing highly antimicrobial hydroxyl free radicals (^<img>OH). In this study, a UVC-assisted Fenton reaction was tested against cocktails of <em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium, <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7, and <em>Listeria monocytogenes,</em> inoculated onto cherry tomatoes. Inoculated cherry tomatoes were subjected to 2% H₂O₂ wash, 1 mM Fe³⁺ wash, or exposed to UVC during washing, and simultaneously in the following combinations: H₂O₂ + Fe³⁺, H₂O₂ + UVC, or H₂O₂ + Fe³⁺ + UVC for 2 min at ambient temperature (∼20 °C). In addition, ^<img>OH were measured using the methylene blue dye test, after combining Fenton reaction components in water. Results revealed that H₂O₂ alone, or in combination, reduced significantly higher populations of the three bacterial pathogens, when compared with water wash alone. The H₂O₂ + Fe³⁺ + UVC treatment inactivated 5.24 ± 1.17 log CFU <em>Salmonella</em>/fruit, which was significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) greater than those reduced by Fe³⁺ or UVC alone. However, the reduction was not statistically significant when compared to H₂O₂, H₂O₂ + Fe^3+, or H₂O₂ + UVC. Similarly, the combinations did not inactivate significantly (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) more <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 and <em>L. monocytogenes</em> than individual H₂O₂ or UVC treatments, with reductions of 2.31–3.20 and 1.96–3.17 log CFU/fruit, respectively, although ^<img>OH were produced in water during the H₂O₂ + Fe³⁺ + UVC treatments. Overall, our results demonstrate that UVC-assisted Fenton washing does not consistently exhibit advantages over individual H₂O₂ or UVC treatments during cherry tomato washing to inactivate foodborne pathogens, presumably due to the inability of short-lived hydroxyl radicals to reach the bacteria on tomatoes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 8","pages":"Article 100555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Test for the Real-time Fluorescence RNA Targeted Isothermal Amplification to Quickly Identify Cronobacter Species in Powdered Infant Formula","authors":"Ning Ding ,&nbsp;Xiaona Tang ,&nbsp;Fang Chen ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Liang ,&nbsp;Li Ling ,&nbsp;Song Cheng ,&nbsp;Lidan Ma ,&nbsp;Yan Lu ,&nbsp;Muyun Yuan ,&nbsp;Jingwen Liu ,&nbsp;Qing Liu ,&nbsp;Wenrui Chen ,&nbsp;Shan Huang ,&nbsp;Furong Yang ,&nbsp;Riqin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foodborne bacteria such as <em>Cronobacter</em> are opportunistic and have been connected to potentially fatal infections. The current work created a fast and sensitive RNA targeting amplification and detection system for <em>Cronobacter</em> spp., including enrichment, RNA isolation, and detection by real-time RNA isothermal amplification, capable of detecting viable <em>Cronobacter</em> spp. in powdered infant formula (PIF) and other food products. Total RNA was extracted to optimize Simultaneous Amplification and Testing (SAT) reaction conditions including concentrations of primers, molecular beacon, Mg²⁺, dNTP, and NTP. The optimized SAT assay targeting 16s/23s rRNA was used to demonstrate the specificity, sensitivity of the detection assay. Seven <em>Cronobacter sakazakii</em> strains and 24 control strains were examined in comparison to that of real-time PCR (<span><span>SN/T 1632.3</span></span>) and ISO 22964. The SAT assay showed sensitivity with a detection limit of 2 log10 CFU/ml without preenrichment, 2 log CFU/10 ml with 4 h enrichment, and 2 log CFU/1,000 ml with 7 h preenrichment (The sensitivity of real-time PCR are 3 log CFU/ml without preenrichment, log CFU/ml with 4 h preenrichment, and 2 log CFU/10 ml with 8 h preenrichment) The newly developed assay could provide results in 4 h including enrichment, which has been significantly shortened compare with real−time PCR method with overnight enrichment. Moreover, the SAT assay did not give false positive results when detecting dead <em>C. sakazakii</em> (7-2 log CFU/ml). In contrast, the real-time PCR assay exhibited a detection limit equivalent to that for detecting viable bacteria. The developed SAT assay, combined with enrichment, provides a rapid, sensitive, and simple approach, and has great potential in the detection of <em>Cronobacter</em> species in baby formula and other food goods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 8","pages":"Article 100554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Study of Environmental Factors Influencing Microbial Contamination in Alabama Ponds: Implications for Qualitative Risk Assessment","authors":"Zoila Chevez ,&nbsp;Elisa Tobar ,&nbsp;Daniel Weller ,&nbsp;Camila Rodrigues","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural water can be a source of microbial contamination for preharvest produce that has been linked to outbreaks and recalls. Over a two-year period, seven agricultural ponds were evaluated bimonthly. A total of 347 samples were tested for EHEC and <em>Salmonella</em> presence using PCR screening. Generic <em>E. coli</em> was quantified and ranged from 1.00 to 4.00 log₁₀ MPN/100 mL. <em>Salmonella</em> was detected in 6% of samples (21/347), and Kentucky was the most frequently isolated serotype. Public health concern serotypes, such as Newport and Hartford, were also isolated. EHEC biomarkers were detected in 83% (289/347) samples, with gene prevalence as follows: <em>hly</em> 68%, <em>fliC</em> 40%, <em>eaeA</em> 19%, <em>rfbE</em> 12%, <em>stx2</em> 10%, and <em>stx1</em> 4%. Microbial water quality and environmental factors were evaluated using conditional forest and regression analyses. Generic <em>E. coli</em> was negatively associated with the amount of developed land within 365 m of the sampling site and dissolved oxygen and positively associated with total rainfall during the 7 days preceding sampling and turbidity. <em>Salmonella</em> detection was positively associated with the amount of pasture within 30 m of the sampling site and total rainfall during the 7 days preceding sampling and negatively associated with rainfall 24 h prior to sampling. EHEC detection was positively associated with percentages of forest and wetland within a 304 m buffer from the sampling site, rainfall 48 h prior to sampling, and solar radiation, while negatively associated with percentages of developed land within a 91 m buffer from the sampling sites. This study provides baseline, longitudinal data on microbial hazards in Alabama agricultural ponds and informs growers on qualitative risk assessment of agricultural waterways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 7","pages":"Article 100552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Camel Hide Gelatin in Donkey Hide Gelatin Based on Enzymatic Digestion by Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Qiangsheng Xie ,&nbsp;Weijian Wang ,&nbsp;Tianyang Gao ,&nbsp;Feiyan Diao ,&nbsp;Wenyue Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyun Wu ,&nbsp;Silong Li ,&nbsp;Feng Shi ,&nbsp;Liping Gong ,&nbsp;Qiyan Li ,&nbsp;Guangxi Zhai","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The commercial value and diversified applications of donkey hide gelatin (DHG) have precipitated sophisticated adulteration practices, particularly with camel-hide gelatin substitutes. We present a mass spectrometry-based strategy to authenticate species-specific collagen peptides in commercial DHG. A new qualitative and quantitative methodology is constructed for camel hide gelatin(CHG) material analysis in DHG. It consists of enzyme-mediated digestion, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with multireaction monitoring (MRM) mode. In brief, the samples were digested with trypsin and subjected to efficient and quick separation by UHPLC, and MS/MS performed CHG identification and determination analysis. Two peptides (Camel peptide A, CPA, and Camel peptide B, CPB) were identified as CHG-specific peptides. A specificity test was then used to verify these two peptides. The method performance showed that these two peptides could distinguish CHG from other animal hide gelatins. The CPA and CPB detection limits were 5 μg/kg and 3 μg/kg, respectively. LC-MS/MS analysis detected CPA and CPB in 4.5% of market-collected DHG samples (<em>n</em> = 157), confirming the prevalence of this emerging adulteration practice. Thus, the present protocol is a sensitive, accurate, quick, and suitable application of species-specific peptide biomarkers, ensuring the quality of DHG products and making them authentic and traceable to protect consumers from potential health risks and food frauds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 7","pages":"Article 100553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profile of Salmonella Isolates in Bullfrog Production: PFGE, MLST, and Antimicrobial Resistance","authors":"Evelyn Cristine Silva ,&nbsp;Sthéfany da Cunha Dias ,&nbsp;Priscila Cristina Costa ,&nbsp;Monique Ribeiro Tiba Casas ,&nbsp;Ricardo Seiti Yamatogi ,&nbsp;João Pessoa Araújo Junior ,&nbsp;Marcus Vinícius Coutinho Cossi ,&nbsp;Fábio Sossai Possebon","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The continued development of bullfrog farming holds great potential for expansion. However, these animals serve as reservoirs for various pathogens, including <em>Salmonella</em>, posing a risk to food safety and public health. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to identify potential sources of <em>Salmonella</em> contamination in a bullfrog production facility in Minas Gerais, Brazil, by characterizing isolates through Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), and antimicrobial resistance profiling. A total of eight <em>Salmonella</em> isolates were analyzed, comprising six isolates from bullfrog carcasses and two from breeding tanks. PFGE characterization revealed four distinct profiles, with a clonal relationship among isolates belonging to the same serovar, except for <em>S.</em> Newport, where the profile of the breeding tank isolate differed from that of the carcass isolates. MLST analysis identified three sequence types (STs): ST 32, ST 614, and ST 6855, corresponding to <em>S.</em> Infantis, <em>S.</em> Newport, and <em>S.</em> 6,8:i:-, respectively. Regarding antimicrobial resistance, one isolate was resistant to azithromycin, two were resistant to neomycin, and three were resistant to ciprofloxacin. All isolates were susceptible to cephalexin, meropenem, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, tobramycin, and cephalothin. The presence of distinct PFGE profiles among isolates of the same serovar suggests multiple sources of pathogen contamination within the production chain, raising significant sanitary concerns. The identified sequence types (STs) are of public health relevance, highlighting the pathogenic potential of these isolates. While most isolates were susceptible to the tested antimicrobials, the detection of azithromycin resistance is particularly concerning. The combined PFGE and MLST data indicate potential cross-contamination within the production chain, emphasizing the need for stringent control measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 8","pages":"Article 100550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Pathogenic Microorganisms in Fresh Produce Production: Lessons Learned When Plant Science Meets Food Safety","authors":"Xingchen Zhao ,&nbsp;Leo Van Overbeek ,&nbsp;Catherine M. Burgess ,&nbsp;Nicola Holden ,&nbsp;Fiona Brennan ,&nbsp;Gro S. Johannessen ,&nbsp;Ana Allende ,&nbsp;Monica Höfte ,&nbsp;Bart Cottyn ,&nbsp;Joël F. Pothier ,&nbsp;Adam Schikora ,&nbsp;Mieke Uyttendaele","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance control of human pathogenic microorganisms in plant production systems, an EU COST Action (HUPLANTcontrol CA16110) was initiated, bringing together microbiologists in food, environmental, and plant microbial ecology. This article summarizes the outcomes of multiple workshops and the four main lessons learned: (i) many terminologies need further explanation to facilitate multidisciplinary communication on the behavior of human pathogens from preharvest plant production to postharvest food storage, (ii) the complexity of bacterial taxonomy pushes microbial hazard identification for greater resolution of characterization (to subspecies, or even strain level) needing a multimethod approach, (iii) hazard characterization should consider a range of factors to evaluate the weight of evidence for adverse health effects in humans, including strain pathogenicity, host susceptibility, and the impact of the plant, food, or human gut microbiome, (iv) a wide diversity of microorganisms in varying numbers and behaviors coexist in the plant microbiome, including good (beneficial for plant or human health), bad (established human or plant pathogens), or ugly (causing spoilage or opportunistic disease). In conclusion, active listening in communication and a multiperspective approach are the foundation for every successful conversation when plant science meets food safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 7","pages":"Article 100551"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen Sulfide Negative Salmonella and their Implication for Standard Culture-based Identification","authors":"Kingsley E. Bentum ,&nbsp;Rejoice Nyarku ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Kuufire ,&nbsp;Temesgen Samuel ,&nbsp;Charlene R. Jackson ,&nbsp;Woubit Abebe","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salmonella</em> typically produces hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) gas, which appears as a black precipitate on most selective culture media and serves as a key diagnostic feature in many laboratories. However, the emergence of H₂S-negative <em>Salmonella</em> serovars raises concerns about their potential to evade conventional isolation protocols. This review explores the phenotypic variability in H₂S production among <em>Salmonella</em> and summarizes recent global reports of H₂S-negative serovars. Additionally, it discusses the limitations of current H₂S-dependent isolation methods and proposes improved strategies for effectively detecting these atypical strains.</div><div>We identified several factors, including media composition and incubation duration, that can influence H₂S production in <em>Salmonella</em>. By analyzing various methods employed in recent years to isolate H₂S-negative strains, we advocate for the early integration of non-H₂S-dependent detection techniques to guide isolation workflows and prevent the unintentional exclusion of viable H₂S-negative serovars. Specifically, we recommend parallel plating of suspect <em>Salmonella</em> cultures on both H₂S-indicating media and non-H₂S-based media, such as chromogenic agars, followed by the confirmation of both black and nonblack colonies.</div><div>In conclusion, this review underscores the continued occurrence of H₂S-negative <em>Salmonella</em> serovars and offers practical recommendations to enhance their detection, thereby supporting more comprehensive and accurate pathogen identification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 7","pages":"Article 100549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Hygiene Control Strategies in Food Manufacturing: Technologies, Regulations, and Socioeconomic Impacts","authors":"Nisansala Chandimali ,&nbsp;Jaehoon Bae ,&nbsp;Ji Young Hwang ,&nbsp;Seon Gyeong Bak ,&nbsp;Sun Hee Cheong ,&nbsp;Seung Jae Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the food manufacturing sector, maintaining industry standards and ensuring consumer health rely fundamentally on the quality and safety of the products. To achieve these objectives, hygiene and environmental control procedures are essential for preserving product integrity and minimizing the risk of contamination. Hygiene practices encompass strict sanitation guidelines, such as regular and thorough hand washing, meticulous equipment sterilization, and stringent requirements for the personal cleanliness of food handlers. Similarly, environmental control measures, such as effective pest management and precise regulation of temperature and air quality, are critical in creating and maintaining optimal conditions for the production of safe food. This article underscores the pivotal role of both hygiene and environmental control in the food manufacturing process for ensuring quality and safety. Drawing from extensive research and industry insights, it explores the best practices and recommended procedures for managing environmental factors and maintaining high hygiene standards. Furthermore, it delves into the impact of technological advancements on the food production landscape, examining how innovations have enhanced the ability to control and improve hygiene and environmental conditions. By addressing these key aspects, the article provides a comprehensive overview of the importance of hygiene and environmental control in modern food manufacturing, highlighting their significance in safeguarding public health and maintaining industry standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 7","pages":"Article 100547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal, Seasonal, and Patient Demographic Trends Among Culture-Confirmed Human Salmonellosis Cases Identify Regional Differences in Salmonella Serotypes Reported in Virginia, USA From 2012 through 2022","authors":"Caroline R. Yates ,&nbsp;Daniel L. Weller ,&nbsp;Monica A. Ponder ,&nbsp;Jingqiu Liao ,&nbsp;Kelsey Holloman ,&nbsp;Rachel A. Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The U.S. federal government established a national goal of reducing the salmonellosis incidence to ≤11.5 cases/100,000 persons by 2030. To assess progress toward this goal in Virginia, we used data from culture-confirmed salmonellosis cases reported to the Virginia Department of Health during 2012–2022 (<em>N</em> = 11,411). A Bayesian negative binomial splines model was implemented to estimate changes in incidence/100,000 persons during 2012–2022 statewide and for specific localities (for example: county or independent city). Incidence varied substantially by locality and over time. Output from modeled incidence suggests limited progress toward federal salmonellosis reduction goals in Virginia. During 2012–2022, statewide modeled incidence ranged between 11.6 (in 2022) and 12.9 (in 2018). From 2018 to 2022, there was a consistent decrease in the modeled incidence of culture-confirmed salmonellosis in Virginia. In contrast to FoodNet trends, the inclusion of culture-independent diagnostic tests in the case definition did not significantly reduce the number of culture-confirmed cases, suggesting a high rate of reflex culturing among patients in Virginia. Among 187 <em>Salmonella</em> serotypes reported, 64.2% of culture-confirmed infections were attributed to six serotypes: Typhimurium (including the monophasic variant, I 4,[5],12:i:-; 20.3%), Enteritidis (18.0%), Newport (10.7%), Javiana (7.7%), Bareilly (3.9%), and Braenderup (3.6%). Trends in salmonellosis attributable to specific serotypes varied substantially; modeled incidence of infections caused by some serotypes decreased substantially (e.g., <em>S.</em> Typhimurium/I 4,[5],12:i:-) and others increased (e.g., <em>S.</em> Braenderup). This may indicate that serotype-specific trends may be masking changes in salmonellosis epidemiology and contributing to the apparent overall stability in salmonellosis incidence in Virginia; efforts to meet federal goals may need to be tailored to reduce the incidence of specific serotypes that are increasing in incidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 7","pages":"Article 100548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of Antibacterial Compounds From Bacillus velezensis BP1 Against Foodborne Pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica Typhimurium Using Metabolomic and Genomic Approaches","authors":"Tsania Taskia Nabila ,&nbsp;Ema Damayanti ,&nbsp;Jaka Widada","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food contamination by pathogenic microorganisms has become a significant issue. This study investigated the antibacterial compounds of a <em>Bacillus</em> isolate from stingless bee bread, <em>Bacillus velezensis</em> BP1, against foodborne pathogens <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> ATCC 25923 and <em>Salmonella enterica</em> Typhimurium ATCC 14028 using the one strain many compounds (OSMAC), metabolomic, and genomic approaches. The culture media used were Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB), TSB with Chitosan (TSB-Chi), several synthetic broths composed of Mineral Salts with Glucose (MG) and Glucose-Fructose (MGF), Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC), and Starch Nitrate (SNB), to analyze diverse antibacterial compounds. Twelve extracts from the supernatant (S) and pellet (P) were screened using the microdilution method. P-TSB and S-TSB-Chi demonstrated the highest antibacterial effects, with inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of 253.5 ppm and 740.28 ppm, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis identified an amide I group contributing to extract clustering. Untargeted liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) revealed six compounds significantly contributing to extract clustering. Enrichment analysis showed that chitosan was associated with the metabolic processes of pyrimidine and nucleotide metabolisms. Growth curve assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the extracts’ efficacy. The <em>Bacillus</em> isolate showed an average nucleotide identity (ANI) of 98.08% to <em>Bacillus velezensis</em> NRRL B-41580. Genome mining revealed twelve biosynthetic gene clusters, six 100% similar to known clusters. Molecular docking demonstrated that genome mining-derived bacillibactin and LC-HRMS-derived bis(4-ethylbenzylidene)sorbitol and cyclo(phenylalanyl-prolyl) exhibited the strongest binding affinities against four pathogen-associated proteins, outperforming ampicillin. This study highlights <em>Bacillus velezensis</em> BP1’s potential as a source of diverse antibacterial compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 7","pages":"Article 100546"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}