Journal of food protection最新文献

{"title":"An Evaluation of Potential Sources of Toxic Metals in the Poultry Industry in Bangladesh: Dietary Exposure and Toxicological Implications","authors":"Tasrina Rabia Choudhury ,&nbsp;Faria Jahan ,&nbsp;M. Nur E. Alam ,&nbsp;L.N. Lutfa ,&nbsp;Tanzina Iveen Chowdhury ,&nbsp;M. Safiur Rahman ,&nbsp;Shafi Mohammad Tareq","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ongoing industrial development, coupled with rising concerns about the quality of poultry products, highlights an urgent need for careful monitoring of vital sectors, especially the poultry industry, which serves as an important source of protein for many families. In our study, we analyzed 45 real samples from five zones in the heavily industrialized area around Dhaka. We utilized advanced techniques such as graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS), hydride generation (HG)-AAS, and flame (F)-AAS methods to assess the presence of toxic heavy metals (HMs), including Pb, Cd, Cr, As, and Ni, as well as essential trace elements such as Mn, Cu, and Zn, which may become harmful when present at elevated levels. The concentration ranges in poultry meat and egg samples were as follows (mg/kg-fw): Pb (1.215–5.66), Cd (0.01–0.019), Cr (0.199–14.58), As (0.01–0.2), Ni (1.69–10.55), and Mn (0.22–6.47). Furthermore, the poultry feed samples presented varying concentrations (mg/kg): Pb (4.53–6.14), Cd (0.17–0.2), Cr (20.4–516.62), As (0.27–0.39), Ni (35.17–66.06), Mn (11.65–84.39), Cu (2.43–7.09), and Zn (17.38–56.38). Some components (Cr, Ni, and Pb) were found in similar ratios in chicken feed samples and poultry products, indicating that poultry feed is a potential source of such elements in poultry products. Newly identified higher levels of Ni demand further investigation into this sector and how it incorporates the studied components. The mean concentrations of most elements in foods exceeded the maximum allowable concentration (MAC), which indicates that some other sources were involved. Furthermore, the dietary and toxicological assessment highlighted concerns related to Cr, Pb, and Ni exposure, indicating a possible serious toxicological impact (CR index for Cr: 0.0014) on human health. Therefore, it is imperative to acknowledge the potential health risks posed to consumers through chemical exposure to chicken meat and eggs. These issues must be addressed to ensure food safety and protect public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 8","pages":"Article 100565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation and Evaluation of the Healthy Risk of Heavy Metal Contents in Astragalus membranaceus of Shaanxi Province","authors":"Cai-xia Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Liu ,&nbsp;Yongbing Cheng ,&nbsp;Lei Cao ,&nbsp;Hua Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Astragalus membranaceus</em> is a widely used herbal medicine. This study was conducted to understand the heavy metal contents of <em>A. membranaceus</em> in Shaanxi Province of China and to evaluate the potential human health risks associated with its consumption. A total of 100 samples of <em>A. membranaceus</em> were collected during the harvest period in Shaanxi province. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to analyze cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), total chromium (Cr), total arsenic (As), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), selenium (Se), barium (Ba), molybdenum (Mo) in each sample, and the elements’ contents were evaluated. Total mercury(Hg) was measured using a direct mercury analyzer. The mean content of these elements in <em>A. membranaceus</em> was significantly different. All samples contained detectable concentrations of Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, As, Cu, Co, Ba, and Mo. The concentrations of Hg and Se in certain specimens of <em>A. membranaceus</em> were found to be below the limits of detection. The contents of each element in all samples were lower than the legal limit published by the World Health Organization. Additionally, the contents of Cu, As, Hg, Cd, and Pb all conformed to the standards of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020. In this study, the target hazard quotient (THQ) for each metal and the hazard index (HI) through consumption of <em>A. membranaceus</em> were less than 1, indicating no significant noncarcinogenic risk associated with the consumption of <em>A. membranaceus</em> from the Shaanxi areas of China. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of each carcinogenic metal and the total carcinogenic risk (TCR) of all carcinogenic metals from <em>A. membranaceus</em> consumption for both adults and children were lower than the acceptable limit (ILCR and TCR = 10⁻⁴). This study used the total amount of elements for evaluation and did not consider the different forms of the elements in <em>A. membranaceus</em>. It also did not take into account the dissolution rate of heavy metals from <em>A. membranaceus</em> or the bioavailability of the elements. So this study employed a conservative evaluation method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 8","pages":"Article 100563"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Consumer Willingness to Pay for Food Safety in Produce: A Focus on Small vs. Large Farms","authors":"Autumn Stoll ,&nbsp;Maria I. Marshall ,&nbsp;Renee Wiatt ,&nbsp;Yaohua Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiple studies have investigated consumers’ willingness to pay premium prices for produce grown under conditions that are more regulated and safer than those of conventionally grown crops. However, little is known about whether the presence of food safety labels and farm size affects consumer willingness to pay for produce at premium prices. The purpose of this study was to identify consumer willingness to pay for produce with a food safety label from various farm sizes to determine consumer food safety preferences. An online survey was conducted with consumers (<em>n</em> = 914), which included a willingness to pay section with four scenarios to purchase produce. Each scenario included farm size, label, and inspection status. A significant majority of consumers expressed a willingness to pay premium price for produce with a food safety label from both small- sized farms (72%; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and large-sized farms (69%; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). However, 36% said they were willing to pay a premium of no more than 10% for produce from small-sized farms. The findings of this study indicate an increased price to consumers may not be suitable motivation for farmers to adopt on-farm food safety practices, suggesting other on-farm food safety techniques should be investigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 8","pages":"Article 100564"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview of Multistate Outbreak Investigations of Salmonella Infections Linked to Fish and Fishery Products, United States – 2012–2021","authors":"Stelios Viazis ,&nbsp;Meredith Lindsay ,&nbsp;Jennifer Cripe ,&nbsp;Spencer Carran ,&nbsp;Tiffany Greenlee ,&nbsp;Sharon Seelman Federman ,&nbsp;Colin Schwensohn ,&nbsp;Thai-An Nguyen ,&nbsp;Cary Chen Parker","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salmonella</em> infections linked to seafood consumption have the potential to cause serious illness, with reported incidence of foodborne illness associated with contaminated seafood increasing in the past decade. While technological advancements over the last decade have made significant progress in the detection, reporting, and determining the source of illness from bacterial pathogens including <em>Salmonella</em>, prevention of these illnesses remains the same, basic sanitation control. We examined data from <em>Salmonella</em> outbreaks linked to fish and fishery products (excluding raw molluscan shellfish) during the period 2012–2021. In that time, there were five confirmed multistate <em>Salmonella</em> outbreaks, including 633 illnesses and 92 hospitalizations associated with fish and fishery products, and four additional multistate outbreaks with 88 illnesses and 12 hospitalizations where fish and fishery products were a suspect vehicle. We summarize common findings and challenges in the traceback investigations related to these outbreaks, particularly considering traceback challenges involving imported seafood, and discuss sanitary practices and regulatory approaches to prevent <em>Salmonella</em> outbreaks linked to fish and fishery products. Some of the most frequent insanitary observations included the safety of the water used in manufacturing food and ice; using water hoses to create overspray that may cross-contaminate food and food contact surfaces in the processing areas; and inadequate cleaning and sanitizing. Environmental contamination (e.g. from bird feces and insects) and improperly sanitized surfaces and cutting tools were also observed in some inspections. Sanitation controls are especially critical for raw ready-to-eat seafood and controls ensuring proper cooking and sanitary conditions and practices after cooking are critical for cooked products. These sanitation controls prevent foodborne outbreaks and recalls, safeguard consumers, and maintain trust in the food supply chain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 8","pages":"Article 100566"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conversations with state and local inspectors reveal ambiguity in the application of food safety regulations on small-scale produce drying operations","authors":"Autumn Stoll ,&nbsp;Megan Low ,&nbsp;Amanda J. Kinchla ,&nbsp;Nicole Richard ,&nbsp;Erin DiCaprio ,&nbsp;Yaohua Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small-scale produce-drying operations face many barriers to complying with food safety regulations. While studies have explored those obstacles from a broader viewpoint, the perspective from niche food processes have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to administer semi structured interviews with public health inspectors to identify (1) gaps in food safety regulation interpretations (2) food safety education needs for small-scale produce drying stakeholders. The study revealed discrepancies among inspectors in “what to inspect” and “what to follow,” and a lack of uniformity in which regulations or rules were followed. Additionally, inspectors reported complications in inspecting small-scale produce-drying operations. First, they expressed frustration with regulations related to drying because they said the language was vague or outdated. Second, inspectors expressed lack of confidence in clearly and effectively communicating the importance of certain food safety rules to operations. Third, inspectors complained about the lack of relevant educational resources, which hindered the development of food safety competency. The findings emphasize the importance of technical support to address these gaps, offering specialized training and resources that enhance both inspectors’ and operations’ understanding of food safety standards, ultimately promoting greater regulatory compliance and safer food production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 8","pages":"Article 100561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144325948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Toxic Element Accumulation in Iranian Wheat Cultivation","authors":"Ali Atamaleki ,&nbsp;Yadolah Fakhri ,&nbsp;Sepideh Sadeghi ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Amereh ,&nbsp;Masoumeh Rahmatinia ,&nbsp;Ali Paseban ,&nbsp;Mohammad Sadeghi","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The contamination of wheat with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) poses a significant public health concern, particularly in developing countries where industrial activities and unsustainable agricultural practices contribute to heavy metal accumulation. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated concentrations of inorganic arsenic (iAs), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in wheat cultivated across Iran. Forty-five papers with 383 data reports from 1983 to 2023 were included in our study. The highest concentrations were found in Isfahan (iAs: 916.743 μg/kg), Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari (Cd: 884.113 μg/kg), Hamedan (Hg: 84.452 μg/kg), Tehran (Ni: 24,000 μg/kg), and Kurdistan (Pb: 2,115.454 μg/kg), surpassing international safety standards. Using the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) indices, the study revealed significant noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, especially for children. The findings emphasize the need for urgent measures to reduce PTE contamination, including rigorous monitoring of soil, water, and crop quality, sustainable farming practices, and improved wastewater management. Public awareness campaigns and targeted interventions are also critical in mitigating health risks associated with heavy metal exposure. These strategies aim to safeguard public health and reduce the burden of PTE-related health risks, particularly among vulnerable populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 8","pages":"Article 100558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes on Spinach and Blueberries Treated With Aqueous Chlorine Dioxide and Muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia) Extract","authors":"Angelica Abdallah ,&nbsp;Juan L. Silva ,&nbsp;Wes Schilling ,&nbsp;Eric T. Stafne ,&nbsp;Shecoya B. White","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The antimicrobial effect of various concentrations of chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) and muscadine extract (ME) was investigated on <em>Escherichia coli</em> O157:H7 and <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> under <em>in vitro</em> conditions and on treated spinach and blueberries. Tryptic soy broth (TSB) and produce were inoculated with a 3-strain cocktail of each pathogen. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using either 96-well plates incubated in a microplate reader for ClO₂ or test tubes incubated in a conventional incubator at 37 °C for 24 h for the ME. Pathogen reduction on inoculated produce (inoculation levels were 5.6–7.0 log CFU/g for spinach and 4.5–5.1 log CFU/g for blueberries) was evaluated after exposure to various antimicrobial treatments for 10 min + 30–45 min dry time + storage at 8 °C for up to six days. Under <em>in vitro</em>, <em>L. monocytogenes</em> was more susceptible than <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 to ClO₂ and ME. On spinach, 300 mg/ml ME and 3 ppm ClO₂ + 300 mg/ml ME treatments resulted in the maximum reduction of <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 (4.6 log CFU/g reduction at day 1) and <em>L. monocytogenes</em> (5.6 log CFU/g reduction at day 2), respectively. On blueberries, all the treatments significantly decreased <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 counts (≤1.7 log CFU/g), and no differences (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) were detected from day 1 to day 6. The treatment 3 ppm ClO₂ + 300 mg/ml ME led to nondetectable (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05) <em>L. monocytogenes</em> levels on blueberries at days 1, 2, 4, and 6, leading to surface reductions &gt;4.1 log CFU/g. Based on the study, ME combined with ClO₂ could be a potential candidate as postharvest treatment to reduce the presence of <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 and <em>L. monocytogenes</em> on blueberries. Both pathogens were less susceptible to these combined treatments on spinach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 8","pages":"Article 100559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Ten-year Survey of Bacterial Pathogens in Fresh, Unprocessed Fruits and Vegetables Produced, Imported, or Traded in the Netherlands","authors":"Thomas De Bock,&nbsp;Liesbeth Jacxsens,&nbsp;Frank Devlieghere,&nbsp;Mieke Uyttendaele","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foodborne outbreaks have raised concern about the microbial safety of fresh produce. Comprehensive data on key bacterial pathogens in these products remain scarce. This study explores the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in unprocessed fruits and vegetables, focusing on the variability according to a temporal scale, the geographical origin, and the product type. A total of 12,808 fresh produce samples were collected over a period of ten years (2013–2022) and analyzed for <em>Salmonella</em> spp., Shiga-toxin−producing <em>E. coli</em> (STEC), <em>L. monocytogenes</em>, presumptive <em>B. cereus</em>, and coagulase-positive staphylococci. Overall, <em>L. monocytogenes</em> was the main pathogen detected (1.37%; 95% CI: 1.16–1.57%; <em>n</em> = 12,227), although only one sample exceeded the unsatisfactory threshold limit of 100 CFU/g. Enteric pathogens were less often detected, with a prevalence of 0.11% (95% CI: 0.05–0.17%; <em>n</em> = 11,538) and 0.02% (95% CI: 0.00–0.05%; <em>n</em> = 12,601) for STEC and <em>Salmonella</em> spp., respectively. Elevated levels (&gt;100,000 CFU/g) of presumptive <em>B. cereus</em> were found in 0.34% (95% CI: 0.18–0.51%; <em>n</em> = 4,954) of cases, while coagulase-positive staphylococci were detected (&gt;100 CFU/g) in 0.26% (95% CI: 0.11–0.42%; <em>n</em> = 4,169) of samples, with a maximum concentration of 190 CFU/g. The prevalence of <em>L. monocytogenes</em> fluctuated over time, varying from a minimum of 0.69% in 2022 to a maximum of 2.03% in 2017 and showing a seasonal effect, with an increased prevalence in June and from September to December. The major produce-pathogen combinations were <em>L. monocytogenes</em> and mushrooms (10.19%; 95% CI: 6.89–13.48%; <em>n</em> = 324) and head brassica (6.85%; 95% CI: 4.15–9.55%; <em>n</em> = 336); as well as STEC and legumes (0.47%; 95% CI: 0.00–1.39%; <em>n</em> = 213) and leafy brassica (0.40%; 95% CI: 0.00–1.17%; <em>n</em> = 252). This study provides valuable information for stakeholders, including farmers, distributors, retailers, and policymakers to be used in risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 8","pages":"Article 100560"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocontrol of Two Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strains and a Nonpathogenic Surrogate E. coli in Wheat Grains and Wheat Milling Operations Using a Lytic Bacteriophage Cocktail","authors":"Amit Vikram ,&nbsp;Kristen McCarty ,&nbsp;Mary T. Callahan ,&nbsp;Joanne Sullivan ,&nbsp;Alexander Sulakvelidze","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shiga toxin-producing <em>Escherichia coli</em> (STEC) contamination of wheat and flour has emerged as a significant public health risk and a major challenge for the milling industry. Several interventions such as chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone, lactic acid, etc. have been evaluated and are used with variable success. Phage biocontrol has emerged as an effective strategy for controlling foodborne pathogens in various foods. This study examined the efficacy of phage biocontrol in mitigating <em>Escherichia coli</em> O157:H7 contamination in soft wheat milling operations. The findings demonstrated the efficacy of phage applications in reducing <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 on wheat while maintaining flour quality and sensory attributes. Laboratory tests showed that the phage cocktail reduced <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 populations by up to 1.3 log CFU/g within 4 h on wheat grains, with reductions correlated to phage concentrations. In mill trials, tempering soft wheat with phage cocktail at three concentrations i.e. 1 × 10⁶ PFU/g, 2.5 × 10⁶ PFU/g, and 1 × 10⁷ PFU/g resulted in significant reductions in populations of a nonpathogenic <em>E. coli</em> O88 strain, ranging from 1.4 to 3.1 log CFU/g, in a dose-dependent manner. Tempering with phage reduced the <em>E. coli</em> populations throughout the milling operation. Two different tempering systems, the DAMPE system and the Bühler Turbolizer, were evaluated. Both systems achieved similar overall reductions, although the DAMPE system showed slightly higher efficacy than the Bühler Turbolizer after 6 h of tempering. Additionally, phage treatments reduced positive samples in straight-grade and patent flours by 15–29%. Importantly, solvent retention capacity and hydration performance of phage-treated flour were unaffected, and sensory tests indicated no changes in flavor, texture, or appearance of baked products, including cookies and pancakes. These findings confirm that phage applications effectively reduce foodborne pathogens on wheat without compromising product quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 8","pages":"Article 100557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Lead Levels in New York-Donated Venison","authors":"Peter E. Nye ,&nbsp;Samantha Totoni ,&nbsp;Karyn L. Bischoff","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead (Pb) hunting ammunition is known to fragment in target animals and result in Pb particles with small surface areas, which increase bioavailability and make detection more difficult. Dietary exposure to Pb presents significant human health risks to vulnerable groups, especially children and pregnant women. Each year, 34 tons of venison are donated to New York State food banks and pantries without oversight of the potential for Pb contamination. A project was launched in 2022 to sample donated venison and to determine if and at what concentration this meat might be contaminated with Pb. Tests for Pb were first conducted by medical radiography (X-ray) of 0.45 kg (1 lb) and 0.91 kg (2 lb) samples followed by subsampling for quantitative analysis using inductively coupled atomic plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Among venison packages, 19% (11/ 59) were confirmed to contain metal fragments via radiography and/or Pb via ICP-AES. This includes seven packages with observable metal fragments via X-ray, three packages with suspected metal fragments via X-ray and detected via ICP-AES and one package with no radiographic evidence of Pb, but detected via ICP-AES. Pb concentrations among package subsamples ranged from 0.38 to 135.7 mg/kg dry matter, representing a range from 1 to 617% of the FDA Interim Reference Level (IRL) of 2.2 µg Pb/day for children. Although some states routinely radiograph venison donated to food banks and pantries prior to distribution, New York State does not. Most New York State food pantries also do not postwarnings of the potential for Pb contamination in donated game meat. In conclusion, there is a high likelihood that people consuming donated hunted meat in NY will consume lead, and the FDA IRL may be exceeded in a single bite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 8","pages":"Article 100556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}