Journal of food protection最新文献

{"title":"Washing Chicken Carcasses With Water Proves Unreliable as a Means of Reducing Bacterial Contamination in Unhygienic Market Conditions in Burkina Faso","authors":"Michel Dione ,&nbsp;Guy Ilboudo ,&nbsp;Adama Paré ,&nbsp;Laurencia T. Songré-Ouattara ,&nbsp;Michelle D. Danyluk ,&nbsp;Claudia Ganser ,&nbsp;Theodore J.D. Knight-Jones ,&nbsp;Arie H. Havelaar","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poultry meat is a major contributor to the burden of foodborne disease in sub-Saharan Africa, with <em>Salmonella</em> and <em>Campylobacter</em> among the most common causative agents. In Burkina Faso, most chicken meat is processed and sold in informal markets where hygiene conditions are poor, and postevisceration washing is used to clean carcasses and potentially reduce microbial contamination. This study evaluated the impact of carcass washing on the prevalence and concentration of <em>Salmonella enterica</em> and thermotolerant <em>Campylobacter</em> spp. on chicken carcasses in Ouagadougou. Paired skin samples were collected before and after washing from 53 vendors, and bacterial counts were analyzed using censored statistical models that accounted for values below the Limit of Detection (LOD). Washing reduced the mean concentration of <em>Salmonella</em> by 0.6 log₁₀ (cfu/g) but did not change the concentration of <em>Campylobacter</em>. Concentrations of both pathogens after washing were significantly correlated with concentrations before washing. Regression coefficients for both pathogens were significantly different from 1 (0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.03–0.71; and 0.32, 0.15–0.50, respectively), suggesting cross-contamination. The number of birds slaughtered per batch of fresh water varied between 2 and 150, with a median of 50 birds, and was significantly correlated with the concentration after washing for <em>Salmonella</em>; regression coefficient 0.81; 0.08–1.55 log₁₀ (birds/batch), but not for <em>Campylobacter</em> (0.32, −0.17 to 0.81). These findings suggest that under current market practices, carcass washing offers limited benefits and may contribute to microbial dispersion. Improved hygiene protocols and revised water management practices are needed to reduce contamination risks and improve food safety in informal poultry markets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 10","pages":"Article 100598"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144847116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salmonella spp. Inactivation During Hot Air Drying of Apples: Influence of Temperature, Bed Depth, and Air Velocity","authors":"Xiyang Liu ,&nbsp;Elizabeth M. Grasso-Kelley ,&nbsp;Alvin Lee ,&nbsp;Lilybell Warda ,&nbsp;Nathan M. Anderson","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dried fruit has been linked to recalls and outbreaks due to microbiological hazards. While most drying processes are optimized for product quality, microbiological safety may not always be prioritized. The food industry is required to validate process preventive controls to ensure they significantly minimize or prevent microbial hazards. This study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of temperature, drying bed depth, and air velocity on the inactivation of <em>Salmonella</em> on apple cubes. A cocktail of six <em>Salmonella</em> serovars was inoculated onto fresh Gala apple cubes (∼0.256 cm³). A single layer of <em>Salmonella</em>-inoculated apple cubes was dyed red and placed atop un-inoculated cubes in a drying chamber to achieve final bed depths of 5.1, 8.9, or 12.7 cm. Apple cubes were dried at 88, 104, or 120 °C with air velocities of 2.10, 2.95, or 3.82 m/s. At multiple time points (<em>n</em> ≥ 5), samples were collected from the inoculated, dyed apple cubes on the top layer for water activity measurement and <em>Salmonella</em> enumeration. Across all drying conditions, an initial stable stage of apple <em>a_w</em> and <em>Salmonella</em> populations was observed with varying durations followed by a rapid decrease in both. The overall effect of drying temperature, bed depth, and air velocity on microbial inactivation followed a consistent pattern: Higher temperature reduced the drying time required to achieve comparable <em>Salmonella</em> reductions as elevated product temperature enhanced microbial inactivation. Similarly, lower bed depth allowed the thinner apple layers to reach higher temperatures more rapidly, accelerating microbial reduction. Increased air velocity shortened the constant-rate drying period, promoted a faster temperature increase in the apple cubes, and resulted in higher lethality within a shorter drying period. Although a 5-log reduction of <em>Salmonella</em> was achieved at the end of drying under all but one condition, the reductions were reached at varying endpoint water activity levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 10","pages":"Article 100597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144847107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Recommendations for the Development of Artificial Intelligence Applications for the Retail Level” [J. Food Protect. 88(1) (2025) 100398]","authors":"Jim Hartman","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100586","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 9","pages":"Article 100586"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Spore Purification and Quality Assessment in Paenibacillus Species","authors":"Souichirou Kawai,&nbsp;Miyo Nakano","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the consistency and quality of <em>Paenibacillus</em> spore preparations used in food safety research, we examined two widely adopted purification methods—lysozyme treatment and HistDenz gradient centrifugation—under different sporulation conditions (solid agar and liquid media). Spores from four <em>Paenibacillus</em> strains (<em>P. odorifer</em> JCM 21743^T and JCM 13339, <em>P. terrae</em> JCM 11466^T, and <em>P. polymyxa</em> JCM 2507^T) were purified and evaluated for metabolic activity using 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) staining and for germination capacity through growth curve analysis. CTC staining verified the complete absence of metabolically active vegetative cells in all purified samples. Growth assays demonstrated that lysozyme treatment reduced spore viability in certain strains, whereas HistDenz purification more reliably preserved germination potential. Additionally, spores generated on solid medium displayed improved growth performance—evidenced by higher peak turbidity and shorter doubling times—compared to those produced in liquid medium for selected strains. These results demonstrate that both the purification technique and sporulation environment have a significant impact on the physiological quality of <em>Paenibacillus</em> spores. Therefore, selecting strain-specific preparation protocols is essential for accurately assessing spore viability and ensuring their effective application in downstream detection or safety assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 10","pages":"Article 100595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Visual Inspection, ATP, and Microbial Analysis in Evaluating Cleaning and Sanitizing of Surfaces in an Avocado Packing Plant","authors":"J.A. Muñiz-Flores ,&nbsp;J.A. Pérez-Montaño ,&nbsp;M.A. Pineda-Macias ,&nbsp;A. Castillo ,&nbsp;O. Rodriguez-García","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective cleaning and sanitizing (C&amp;S) of food contact surfaces (FCSs) is critical for minimizing microbial contamination risks in fresh produce environments. This study evaluated the performance of visual inspection, ATP bioluminescence, and microbial analysis as verification tools for C&amp;S procedures in an avocado packing plant, based on surface conditions before and after sanitation. Cleanliness was classified using a four-level visual scale, from 1 (cleanest) to 4 (dirtiest). ATP levels were measured via bioluminescence. Microbial analysis included the quantification of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>, and yeasts and molds, as well as the qualitative detection of <em>Listeria</em> spp.</div><div>Surface temperatures ranged from 17 °C to 30.9 °C, and relative humidity from 54.3% to 97.0%. Brushes and receiving crates showed the highest visual scores after C&amp;S; however, receiving crates exhibited minimal improvement compared to pre-C&amp;S levels. ATP levels ranged from 2.6 ± 0.7 to 3.8 ± 1.0 log₁₀ relative light units (RLU)/100 cm², with no significant reductions observed. Microbial counts showed inconsistent decreases, and no surface achieved the expected 3-log reduction. <em>Listeria</em> spp. was detected on 14% and 13% of FCS before and after C&amp;S, respectively. Noncontact surfaces, especially drains, also remained contaminated.</div><div>Notably, the verification tools often produced contradictory results. In some surfaces, visual inspection and microbial indicators suggested effective C&amp;S, while ATP readings showed no significant change. In others, only visual improvements were detected, with no corroborating reduction in ATP or microbial levels. These inconsistencies underscore the limitations of relying on a single method and highlight the importance of using complementary tools in a sequential verification approach. A decision tree (Fig. 4) is proposed to guide the integration of these tools and improve hygiene monitoring strategies in produce packing environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 10","pages":"Article 100593"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance Profiling of Hemolytic Shewanella Species in Oysters and Seawater from the Mid-Atlantic Region","authors":"Tahirah Johnson ,&nbsp;Trenton Collins ,&nbsp;Gary P. Richards ,&nbsp;Salina Parveen","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Shewanella</em> species are opportunistic pathogens and food spoilage bacteria that can be transmitted through contaminated seawater and seafood. Immunocompromised individuals are at greater risk when consuming raw fish and shellfish or when open wounds are exposed to contaminated marine environments. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has raised concerns over public health and animal health globally. Infections involving resistant hemolytic bacteria can be life-threatening due to limited treatment options. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance profiles of hemolytic <em>Shewanella</em> species against 21 antibiotics commonly used to treat Gram-negative bacterial infections. A total of 166 hemolytic isolates recovered from oyster (<em>n</em> = 107) and seawater (<em>n</em> = 59) samples obtained from the Mid-Atlantic sampling sites between 2019 and 2021 were tested using Sensititre GNX2F antimicrobial susceptibility plates. Overall, 16.27% of oyster isolates and 18.94% of seawater isolates were resistant to one or more antibiotics. Only Ertapenem showed a statistically significant difference in resistance between alpha and beta hemolytic groups. Resistance levels varied across species. <em>Shewanella algae</em> and <em>S. khirikhana</em> exhibited the highest resistance to 10 and 14 antibiotics, respectively, followed by <em>S. marisflavi</em> (11 antibiotics) and <em>S. indica</em> (9 antibiotics)<em>.</em> Doxycycline, Levofloxacin, Minocycline, and Tigecycline were the most effective antibiotics, with low or no resistance observed among <em>Shewanella</em> isolates from both seawater and oysters. This is the first study to provide detailed insights into the antibiotic resistance profiles of hemolytic <em>Shewanella</em> species in the Chesapeake Bay and the Maryland Coastal Bays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 10","pages":"Article 100596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistence of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens on Microgreens and Soil Irrigated With Contaminated Water","authors":"Aishwarya Pradeep Rao ,&nbsp;Abani K. Pradhan ,&nbsp;Jitendra Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microgreens, like leafy greens, are susceptible to contamination at the preharvest stage, posing food safety concerns, particularly as their consumption rises due to their recognized bioactive benefits. Recalls associated with microgreens have further underscored these concerns. This study aimed to investigate the potential transfer of enteric pathogens to microgreens irrigated with contaminated water. Municipal water (MW) and rainwater (RW) inoculated with low and high concentrations of <em>Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli</em> O157:H7, or <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> were used to irrigate daikon, red cabbage, broccoli, and mustard microgreens cultivated on soil beds. Microgreen and soil samples were collected on days 7 and 14 and analyzed using most probable number (MPN) enumeration or spiral plating on selective media. Significant variations in pathogen recovery were observed across days 7 and 14, irrespective of microgreen variety or water source. When irrigated with water at 5 Log CFU/mL contamination level, all pathogens were significantly reduced by ∼2.5–4.7 Log CFU/g on 14th day, irrespective of microgreens or source of irrigation water. A similar trend was observed with pathogens at low inoculation (3 Log CFU/mL); however, the reduction on day 14 was not significant (1.9–3 Log MPN/g) except for broccoli and daikon microgreens inoculated with <em>Salmonella</em>. At low and high levels of inoculums, <em>L. monocytogenes</em> persisted in lower numbers (2–2.5 Log MPN/g and 3.9–4.1 Log CFU/g) on microgreens compared to <em>Salmonella</em> (3.2–3.8 Log MPN/g and 4.2–4.5 Log CFU/g) and <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 (2.8–3.4 Log MPN/g and 4.5–4.7 Log CFU/g), respectively, throughout the sampling period. The source of irrigation water affected the persistence of pathogens; <em>Salmonella</em> and <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 persisted in lower numbers (2.2–2.7 and 2.1–2.5 Log MPN/g, respectively) for low inoculum on microgreens irrigated with RW. Recovery of <em>L. monocytogenes</em> from microgreens irrigated with MW at low inoculum was significantly lower compared to that of <em>E. coli</em> O157:H7 at 7 days. These findings highlight the potential for transfer of enteric pathogens from contaminated irrigation water to the edible portions of microgreens, emphasizing the importance of rigorous microbial quality control of irrigation water in controlled environmental agriculture (CEA) to mitigate contamination risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 10","pages":"Article 100594"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Outbreak—Oregon, United States, 2024","authors":"Rosalie T. Trevejo ,&nbsp;Matthew Hunter ,&nbsp;Terran Gilbreath ,&nbsp;Madison Walton ,&nbsp;June E. Bancroft ,&nbsp;Emilio E. DeBess ,&nbsp;Dat Tran ,&nbsp;Paul R. Cieslak","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In May 2024, the Oregon Poison Center notified the Oregon Health Authority of multiple people with suspected paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) who had consumed self-harvested mussels. Two days before this report, part of the Oregon Coast was closed to mussel harvesting after detection of paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) above the closure threshold (≥80 µg PST/100 g shellfish tissue) in mussels at one site. Following these illness reports, the closure was expanded northward to the Oregon-Washington border to include harvest areas reported by ill persons. An outbreak investigation was initiated to describe the clinical characteristics and exposures, identify unreported cases, and prevent additional illnesses. Forty-two cases were identified (had paresthesia onset within 5 h of consuming shellfish), with illness onset dates during May 23–June 6, 2024, leading to 7 hospitalizations and no deaths. Persons with PSP reported exposure to mussels (35 [83%]), clams (7 [17%]), and oysters (1 [2%]) harvested from the Oregon Coast. One week after the initial PST detection, marked increases in PST levels were detected in multiple sites and shellfish types, prompting closure of the entire Oregon Coast to mussel harvesting and partial closures for clams and oysters. Leftover mussels were obtained from 3 persons with PSP; all had PST levels above the closure threshold, with one yielding the highest level (5,500 µg/100 g shellfish tissue) ever detected in Oregon shellfish. This was Oregon’s largest recorded PSP outbreak. A rapid increase in PST levels over a short time presented challenges for the timely detection and closure of harvest areas. Rapid PST detection methods to supplement routine shellfish biotoxin monitoring could increase the timeliness of risk detection. Collaboration among public health officials, poison control centers, health care professionals, and shellfish program staff is essential to illness prevention and outbreak response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 10","pages":"Article 100590"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Market Meats from Guangzhou, China: Age-Specific Dietary Exposure and Threshold Exceedance Risks","authors":"Yuting Qin ,&nbsp;Yuhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongfeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yan Li ,&nbsp;Zhijun Bai ,&nbsp;Yanyan Wang ,&nbsp;Lili Huang ,&nbsp;Weiwei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), known for their environmental persistence and adverse health effects, pose an elevated risk to vulnerable populations through dietary exposure. Yet, there is limited research on PFAS concentrations in market basket meats and offal from Guangzhou, China. We examined the distribution of 16 PFAS in 166 market basket samples (beef, pork, and offal (pork liver)) from Guangzhou. Age-specific dietary exposure and related health risk were assessed for 3–6-year-old children, 7–17-year-old adolescents, adults, and seniors, integrating local food consumption data and probabilistic risk models. The results demonstrated a variable distribution of PFAS based on food species, with offal exhibiting the highest level of contamination (mean Ʃ₁₆PFAS: 6.209 ng·g⁻¹). Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) were identified as the most predominant compounds contributing to dietary exposure of total PFAS. For the estimated weekly intake (EWI) of Ʃ₄PFAS [PFOA, PFOS, Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS)] from meats and offal, the average EWI ranged from 3.252 to 5.710 ng·kg⁻¹ body weight (bw) per week in four age groups. The probability of exceeding tolerable weekly intake (4.4 ng·kg⁻¹ bw per week) is 51% in children, 45% in adolescents, and 39% in both adults and seniors. Offal was identified as the predominant source of the total PFAS exposure. This study provides the first insights into the age-specific health risk of PFAS from market meats and offal from Guangzhou, highlighting the urgent need for further research to establish safety benchmarks or consumption advisory values for these compounds in the Chinese diet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 10","pages":"Article 100592"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144764978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Milk and Tissue Residue Depletion of Two Intramammary Dry Cow Antimicrobials in Dairy Goats","authors":"Michelle P. Buckley ,&nbsp;Kristen P. Hayman ,&nbsp;Paul J. Plummer ,&nbsp;Patrick J. Gorden","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The goal of this project was to provide residue depletion data for two common dry cow antimicrobial treatments – cloxacillin benzathine (CLOX) and cephapirin benzathine (CEPH) to assist in establishing meat and milk withdrawal intervals. In each portion of this study, does were treated with a full tube of their assigned treatment in each half of the udder. Samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy. Twenty-six animals were treated with CLOX at dry-off and sacrificed at 3, 7, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 days posttreatment. Cloxacillin was present in kidney and liver through 35 days posttreatment but was not found in muscle at any time point. The highest concentration of CLOX was 0.438 μg/g in liver and 0.342 μg/g in kidney, both at three days posttreatment. Thirty-two does received CEPH at dry-off, and animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, 6, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 days posttreatment. Cephapirin was not detected in any tissue at any timepoint.</div><div>To complete the milk residue depletion study, 22 does were randomly assigned to CLOX treatment at dry-off and 22 additional does were treated with CEPH. One CLOX doe was unenrolled from the study at 144 h postkidding for prolonged residue production with a final reading of 57.3 ng/g. Only three CEPH-treated does shed detectable residues after kidding, and no residues were detected after 60 h postkidding. The highest concentration of CLOX was 413.0 ng/g at the first milking while the highest concentration of CEPH was 14.0 ng/g at the first milking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 10","pages":"Article 100591"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144764977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}