Journal of food protection最新文献

{"title":"Produce Safety Behaviors, Motivators, Barriers, and Beliefs in Pediatric Cancer Patient Caretakers","authors":"Carly B. Gomez ,&nbsp;Tyler J. Stump ,&nbsp;Monique M. Turner ,&nbsp;Jade Mitchell ,&nbsp;Bradley P. Marks","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer patients, who face increased foodborne illness susceptibility and severity, are often placed on neutropenic diets (NDs), which eliminate the consumption of fresh produce, among other foods perceived as high-risk. Such diets are clinically disputed because they have never been proven effective in reducing foodborne illness, leading to unstandardized dietary guideline content, format, and delivery methods. To inform a strategic communication approach, this study explored the produce safety handling behavior, barriers, motivators, and beliefs of pediatric cancer patient caretakers using a mixed methods convergent parallel design. A quantitative survey revealed high frequencies (&gt;60%) for generally recommended produce safety behaviors, such as rinsing produce and washing cutting boards, and more mixed responses for restrictive produce safety behaviors, such as peeling produce and avoiding precut, self-serve, and school cafeteria produce. Total produce safety frequency scores were not significantly affected by demographic factors or Child Vulnerability Scale (CVS) scores. Qualitative interviews established a wide domain of caretaker produce safety experiences and beliefs, finding that eight of seventeen interview participants from different hospitals received produce restrictions typical of the ND. Ultimately, five caretaker archetypes were identified, with common motivators and barriers linked to materials received, child’s health and perceived susceptibility, and self-efficacy beliefs. Finally, response-driven communication strategy improvements were recommended. Although sample sizes in this work were small, and further validation is advised, this work highlights the inconsistent use of the restrictive ND, advances understanding of the drivers of produce safety behaviors in cancer patient caretakers, and supports future endeavors to streamline communication strategy interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"87 12","pages":"Article 100400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Efficacy of Ɛ-poly-lysine, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Lauric Arginate to Inhibit Listeria monocytogenes Biofilm Formation and Inactivate Mature Biofilms","authors":"Stephanie R.B. Brown ,&nbsp;Catherine A. Gensler,&nbsp;Lang Sun ,&nbsp;Dennis J. D’Amico","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preventing the introduction of <em>Listeria monocytogenes,</em> subsequent biofilm formation, and persistence in food processing environments is important for reducing the risk of cross-contamination of ready-to-eat foods. This study determined the effect of Ɛ-poly-lysine (EPL), hydrogen peroxide (HP), and lauric arginate (LAE) on <em>L. monocytogenes</em> biofilm formation and the inactivation of mature biofilms. For inhibition studies, biofilms of <em>L. monocytogenes</em> Scott A (serotype 4b) and 2014L-6025 (serotype 1/2b) were developed separately at 37 °C for 48 h in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations (SIC) of either EPL (10 ppm), HP (2 ppm), or LAE (1.5 ppm) on polystyrene plates and stainless-steel rounds. Inactivation was determined by exposing mature biofilms on each surface to each antimicrobial at their minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), 10xMBC, or 100xMBC for 24 h at 37 °C. The presence of these antimicrobials at SIC did not inhibit biofilm formation on either surface and their effect on mature biofilms varied by strain and surface. Application of EPL at 1xMBC (100 ppm) for 24 h resulted in greater reductions in counts of both strains on polystyrene than HP (40 ppm) and LAE (5 ppm) under the same conditions at 1xMBC (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.0243). Exposure of mature biofilms to LAE at 10xMBC (50 ppm) for 1 h was more effective in reducing counts on polystyrene than HP at 10xMBC (400 ppm) for the same duration (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.0136), and both HP and LAE applied at 100xMBC (4,000 and 500 ppm, respectively) for 24 h more effectively inactivated mature biofilms of <em>L. monocytogenes</em> Scott A on polystyrene compared to EPL (10,000 ppm) (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.0307). Application of LAE at 10xMBC for 24 h was more effective at inactivating strain Scott A on stainless steel compared to 10xMBC of EPL (1,000 ppm) or HP (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.0430). Future studies are needed to determine the efficacy of these and other antimicrobials on additional strains and serotypes of <em>L. monocytogenes</em> at temperatures relevant to food production and storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"87 12","pages":"Article 100399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traceback and Testing of Food Epidemiologically Linked to a Norovirus Outbreak at a Wedding Reception","authors":"Efstathia Papafragkou ,&nbsp;Amanda Kita-Yarbro ,&nbsp;Zihui Yang ,&nbsp;Preeti Chhabra ,&nbsp;Timothy Davis ,&nbsp;James Blackmore ,&nbsp;Courtney Ziemer ,&nbsp;Rachel Klos ,&nbsp;Aron J. Hall ,&nbsp;Jan Vinjé","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated a suspected norovirus outbreak associated with a wedding reception in Wisconsin in May 2015. Fifty-six of 106 (53%) wedding attendees were interviewed, and 23 (41%) reported symptoms consistent with norovirus infection. A retrospective cohort study identified fruit salad as the likely vehicle of infection (risk ratio 3.2, 95% confidence interval 1.1––8.3). Norovirus was detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in stool specimens collected from four attendees and one food handler and in 12 leftover fruit salad samples from both an opened and a sealed container. Norovirus-positive clinical samples (<em>n</em> = 4) were genotyped as GII.4 Sydney and norovirus-positive fruit salad samples (<em>n</em> = 2) confirmed the presence of GII.4 norovirus by Sanger sequencing with 98% nucleotide (<em>n</em> = 236) similarity in 5′ end of ORF2 between fruit salad and clinical specimens. In conclusion, this comprehensive norovirus outbreak investigation combined epidemiologic, virologic, and environmental findings to traceback the contaminated food as the source of the outbreak.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 1","pages":"Article 100395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Apple Detection Method Based on Multidimensional Feature Extraction Network Model and Transformer Module.","authors":"Wei Ji, Kelong Zhai, Bo Xu, Jiawen Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To enhance the fast and accurate detection of pollution-free green apples for food safety, this paper uses the DETR network as a framework to propose a new method for pollution-free green apple detection based on a multidimensional feature extraction network and Transformer module. Firstly, an improved DETR network main feature extraction module adopts the ResNet18 network and replaces some residual layers with deformable convolutions (DCNv2), enabling the model to better adapt to pollution-free fruit changes at different scales and angles, while eliminating the impact of microbial contamination on fruit testing; Subsequently, the extended spatial pyramid pooling model (DSPP) and multiscale residual aggregation module (FRAM) are integrated, which help reduce feature noise and minimize the loss of underlying features during the feature extraction process. The fusion of the two modules enhances the model's ability to detect objects of different scales, thereby improving the accuracy of near-color fruit detection. At the same time, in order to solve the problems of slow convergence speed and large calculation amount of the basic network model, the convergence speed of the overall network model is improved by replacing the attention mechanism of Transformer. Experimental results show that compared with the original DETR model, the proposed algorithm has improved in AP, AP50, and AP75 indicators, especially in the AP50 indicator, which has the most obvious improvement reaching a detection accuracy of 97.12%. In the meantime, the trained network model is deployed on the picking robot. Compared with the original DETR network model, its average detection accuracy is as high as 96.58%, and the detection speed is increased by about 51%. Mixed sample detection tests were carried out before and after the model deployment, and the detection rate of the proposed method for nonpolluted fruits reached more than 0.95. enabling the picking robot to efficiently complete the task of picking green apples. The test results show that the algorithm proposed in this article exhibits great potential in the task of detecting pollution-free near-color fruits by the picking robot. It ensures pollution-free fruit picking and the application of AI in food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":" ","pages":"100397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Commercially Available Sanitizers Efficacy to Control Salmonella (Sessile and Biofilm Forms) on Harvesting Bins and Picking Bags","authors":"Colton Ivers ,&nbsp;Samhitha Chalamalasetti ,&nbsp;Blanca Ruiz-Llacsahuanga ,&nbsp;Faith Critzer ,&nbsp;Manreet Bhullar ,&nbsp;Londa Nwadike ,&nbsp;Umut Yucel ,&nbsp;Valentina Trinetta","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the efficacy of five commercially available sanitizers to reduce <em>Salmonella</em> (sessile and biofilm forms) count on experimentally inoculated materials representative of harvesting bins and picking bags in the fresh produce industry. Sessile <em>Salmonella</em> cells were grown onto tryptic soy agar to create a bacterial lawn, while multistrain <em>Salmonella</em> biofilms were grown in a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reactor at 22 ± 2 °C for 96 h. Samples were exposed to 500 ppm free chlorine, 500 ppm peroxyacetic acid (PAA), 75 psi steam, and 5% silver dihydrogen citrate (SDC) for 30 sec, 1, or 2 min or 100 ppm chlorine dioxide gas for 24 h. Sanitizer, surface type, and application time significantly affected the viability of <em>Salmonella</em> in both sessile and biofilm forms (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). All treatments resulted in a significant reduction of <em>Salmonella</em> when compared to the control (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Chlorine dioxide gas was the most effective treatment in both sessile and biofilm forms regardless of the type of surface, and it achieved a 5-log reduction. PAA at 500 ppm applied for 2 min was the only liquid sanitizer that resulted in a greater than 3-log reduction in all surfaces. Scanning electronic microscopy demonstrated the porous surface nature of nylon and wood, compared to HDPE, impacted sanitizer antimicrobial activity. Understanding the efficacy of sanitizers to control <em>Salmonella</em> on harvesting bins and picking bags may improve the safety of fresh produce by increasing available sanitizing treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"87 12","pages":"Article 100394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of an Extended Bleed-to-evisceration Interval on the Microbiological Quality of On-farm Slaughtered Cattle Carcasses","authors":"A. Maldague ,&nbsp;G. Daube ,&nbsp;L. Martinelle ,&nbsp;C. Lagamme ,&nbsp;S. Crèvecoeur ,&nbsp;M. Vandenheede ,&nbsp;N. Korsak","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The uncertainties surrounding the microbiological risks of an extended exsanguination-to-evisceration interval have limited the implementation of on-farm slaughter in Europe. On-farm slaughter is increasingly advocated by farmers, consumers, and policymakers as a humane alternative to traditional slaughterhouse operations. However, concerns about hygiene and food safety, particularly bacterial contamination, have led to stringent time limits imposed by Member States on the interval between bleeding and evisceration. Microbiological standards for bovine carcasses in the European Union are governed by Commission Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005, which sets process hygiene criteria for aerobic colony count and <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>. To investigate whether extending the bleed-to-evisceration interval compromises meat safety, five Holstein dairy cattle were slaughtered on-farm, with samples collected from the internal paralumbar area in contact with the intestines for up to 4 h postmortem. The samples were analyzed for <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>, aerobic colony count, and <em>Escherichia coli</em>. None of the samples exceeded the established thresholds of 1.5 and 3.5 log CFU/cm² for aerobic colony count and <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>, respectively, as defined by Belgian health authorities for the nondestructive sampling method. These preliminary findings suggest that on-farm slaughter with evisceration occurring up to 4 h post-mortem does not pose increased microbiological risks to human health. However, further research is necessary, particularly under warmer environmental conditions and with a larger sample size, to confirm these results and to explore additional factors that may influence bacterial translocation and digestive tract wall integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"87 12","pages":"Article 100392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Flexible Produce Supply Chain Food Safety Risk Model: Comparing Tradeoffs Between Improved Process Controls and Additional Product Testing for Leafy Greens as a Test Case.","authors":"Gabriella Pinto, Gustavo A Reyes, Cecil Barnett-Neefs, YeonJin Jung, Chenhao Qian, Martin Wiedmann, Matthew J Stasiewicz","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The produce industry needs a tool to evaluate food safety interventions and prioritize investments and future research. A model was developed in R for a generic produce supply chain and made accessible via Shiny. Microbial contamination events, increases, reductions, and testing can be modeled. The output for each lot was the risk of one, 300-gram sample testing positive, described by two industry-relevant risk metrics, the overall risk of a positive test (proxy for recall risk) and the number of lots with the highest risk (>1 in 10 chance) of testing positive (proxy for public health risk). A leafy green supply chain contaminated with Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli was modeled with a mean of 1 pathogen cell per pound (µ = 1 CFU/lb or -2.65 Log(CFU/g)) under high (σ = 0.8 Log(CFU/g)) and low (σ = 0.2 Log(CFU/g)) variability. Baseline risk of a positive test in the low-variability scenario (1 in 20,000) was lower than for high-variability (1 in 4,500), showing rare high-level contamination drives risk. To evaluate tradeoffs, we modeled two well-studied, frequently used interventions: additional product testing (8 of 375-gram tests/lot) and improved process controls (additional -0.87 ± 0.32 Log(CFU/g) reduction). Improved process controls better-reduced recall risk (to 1 in 115,000 and 1 in 26,000 for low- and high-variability, respectively), compared to additional product testing (to 1 in 21,000 and 1 in 11,000 for low- and high-variability, respectively). For low variability contamination, no highest-risk lots existed. Under high variability contamination, both interventions removed all highest-risk lots (about 0.05% of total). Yet, additional product testing rejected more lower-risk lots (about 1% of total), suggesting meaningful food waste tradeoffs. This model evaluates tradeoffs between interventions using industry-relevant risk metrics to support decision-making and can be adapted to assess other commodities, process stages, and less-studied interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":" ","pages":"100393"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Monitoring of Nebraska Ready-to-eat Meat Processing Establishments Resulted in the Isolation of Listeria Alongside Pseudomonas Highly Resistant to Quaternary Ammonia Sanitizer","authors":"Samuel C. Watson ,&nbsp;Alison C. Neujahr ,&nbsp;Byron D. Chaves ,&nbsp;Samodha C. Fernando ,&nbsp;Gary A. Sullivan","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Robust environmental monitoring for <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> often may not be feasible for small and very small meat processors in the United States due to the limitations in finances, staffing, or expertise. Three small/very small processors in Nebraska were sampled using sponge applicators in nonfood contact surface areas to determine if biofilm and sanitizer resistance behaviors of <em>Pseudomonas</em> could relate to the prevalence of <em>L. monocytogenes</em> and <em>Listeria</em> spp. in ready-to-eat meat processing environments. Samples were 3.3% (3/90) positive for <em>L. monocytogenes,</em> and 12.2% (11/90) of samples were positive for <em>Listeria</em> spp. <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp. were also isolated. When <em>Listeria</em> spp. and <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp. were assayed for biofilm production and resistance to a quaternary ammonia sanitizer, multiple isolates belonging to both genera capable of forming biofilms were identified. Four <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp. isolates resisted the 200 ppm manufacturer-recommended sanitizer concentration for food contact surface sanitation, and one <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp. isolated from a drain sample that was also positive for <em>L. monocytogenes</em> demonstrated a sanitizer minimum bactericidal concentration of 1000 ppm. These findings further support the need for monitoring of small and very small meat processors for <em>L. monocytogenes</em> as well as highlight the need to identify other bacteria in these processing environments, like <em>Pseudomonas,</em> that are resistant to environmental stressors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"87 12","pages":"Article 100391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Food Safety Hazards in Pigs and Broilers from Intensive and Extensive Production Systems: A Literature Review","authors":"Rosa A. Safitri,&nbsp;Esther D. van Asselt","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Consumer demand for meat from extensive production (e.g., organic, free-range, and antimicrobial-free) is increasing, partly due to consumers’ perception that these types are safer than conventional meats. This review compared food safety hazards (namely, zoonotic parasites, bacterial pathogens, antimicrobial resistance, and chemical hazards) from pigs and broilers raised in intensive and extensive systems in Northern and Western European countries and the United States. Our findings showed that hazard occurrence between livestock production systems varied depending on the hazard. Pigs and broilers from extensive systems showed a higher prevalence of <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>. Pathogen prevalence in pigs did not appear to be affected by production systems, while no clear conclusion could be drawn for broilers due to conflicting findings. Higher antimicrobial resistance (AMR) prevalence was common in pig and broiler samples from intensive farming, although samples from extensive farming were not free of AMR either. Studies on chemical hazards were limited, showing generally low contaminant levels in both production systems, including persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, mycotoxins, pesticide residues, and antimicrobial residues. Therefore, more studies on chemical hazards are recommended to fill this data gap. Various factors associated with specific production systems could influence hazard prevalence, e.g., indoor confinement, outdoor access, antimicrobial policy, and slaughtering age. Regardless of the production system, other factors, such as seasonal variation and biosecurity levels, were also important.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"87 12","pages":"Article 100389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informative Value of a Sample Investigation with a Predefined Sample Size using the Example of Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety","authors":"Cara Förster ,&nbsp;Katja Nordhoff ,&nbsp;Jörg Fritzemeier ,&nbsp;Fritjof Freise ,&nbsp;Lothar Kreienbrock","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foodborne diseases, especially those caused by zoonotic agents, pose a significant threat to human health. Food business operators are therefore responsible for producing safe food. To do this, they must regularly carry out appropriate sample investigations to detect zoonotic agents in their food before it leaves the factory. Depending on the issue investigated, there may be legal requirements for food business operators, usually specifying minimum sample sizes, such as Commission Regulation (EU) No 2073/2005. However, in most cases, there is no information on the precision, and therefore, on the significance of the results for these sample sizes.</div><div>Regulatory veterinary authorities have a control function and, as a result, they are required to regularly evaluate the available investigations and their results. In addition, in certain crisis situations (e.g., foodborne outbreaks or suspected food contamination), authorities may guide food business operators in their investigations and conduct their own investigations to assess food safety measures. In such cases, as there are no legally defined sample sizes to be taken, the appropriate sample sizes must be determined by the authorities. This can lead to a conflict between the need for feasibility and the need for conclusiveness of the investigation potentially being a challenge for the regulatory authority in charge.</div><div>This paper highlights the importance of thoughtful study design and the critical communication of available results by veterinary authorities on the background of a use case involving <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> findings in a crisis situation. Using the minimum sample size, <em>n</em> = 5, required by Commission Regulation (EU) No 2073/2005 for the pathogen <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> as a guide, the uncertainties associated with small sample sizes are highlighted. It also aims to facilitate the evaluation of studies performed and the assessment of further sample sizes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"87 12","pages":"Article 100388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}