Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"The Relationship of Hemorheological Blood Values and Blood Velocity of Microcirculatory Bloodstream in Rats’ Skin Vessels","authors":"N. N. Petrishchev, M. A. Skedina, T. G. Grishacheva, S. G. Chefu, A. A. Kovaleva, A. M. Nosovskij","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040252","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Non-invasive study of blood rheology is relevant, but quite\u0000complex issue. When systemic blood viscosity and hematocrit levels\u0000deviate, blood flow indicators in different parts of microvasculature change.\u0000Purpose of the study—research of blood flow characteristics in skin\u0000microcirculatory bloodstream of rats obtained by high-frequency\u0000Doppler ultrasound (HFDU) with given changes in rheological blood\u0000indicators. The studies were carried out on pubescent male Wistar\u0000rats. 3 experimental groups were formed. Group 1 (<i>n</i> = 21) “Hemodilution”—viscosity\u00001.99 ± 0.02 mPa*s, hematocrit 31.48 ± 0.31%. Group 2 (<i>n</i> = 32) “Norma”—animals with unchanged\u0000blood levels—viscosity 2.84 ± 0.03 mPa*s, hematocrit 41.60 ± 0.3%.\u0000Group 3 (<i>n</i> = 32) “Erythrocytosis”—viscosity\u00003.95 ± 0.04 mPa*s, hematocrit 54.56 ± 0.23%. Dynamic blood viscosity\u0000in vitro studies were carried out on oscillatory viscometer. In\u0000order to evaluate hematocrit level heparinized whole blood was centrifuged\u0000in glass capillaries using; hematocrit values were assessed taking\u0000into account sedimentation of formed elements column using a hematocrit\u0000reader card. Blood flow in skin microcirculatory bloodstream of\u0000rats` left thigh area was estimated by HFDU method using Minimax-Doppler-K\u0000hardware and software system, with ultrasound transducer (frequency\u000020 MHz). Statistical analysis showed the models are correct. Blood\u0000indicators of the animals in three experimental groups differed\u0000statistically and significantly in terms of blood viscosity and\u0000hematocrit. Discriminant analysis was used to determine the relations between\u0000rheological blood parameters and characteristics of blood velocity\u0000in microcirculatory bloodstream which made it possible to identify\u0000the most significant characteristics of blood flow that tend to\u0000change depending on altered blood composition. These include: mean\u0000systolic velocity <i>Vas</i> (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), mean velocity <i>Vam</i> (<i>p</i> &lt;\u00000.001), mean volume velocity <i>Qam</i> (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), vascular resistance\u0000index <i>RI</i> (<i>p</i> &lt;\u00000.01) and the percentage of blood cells moving in low-speed <i>H</i>’ (<i>p</i> =\u00000.03). The reliability of selected characteristics was checked with\u0000one-way ANOVA; and their significance in determining membership\u0000in “Hemodilution”, “Norma” or “Erythrocytosis” groups according\u0000to HFDU data was confirmed. Based on this analysis classification\u0000functions were generated for non-invasive dynamic blood viscosity determination\u0000according to Doppler ultrasound data.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of Single-Photon Miniature Fluorescence Microscopy and Electrophysiological Recording Methods for in vivo Studying Hippocampal Neuronal Activity","authors":"A. I. Erofeev, E. K. Vinokurov, I. E. Antifeev, O. L. Vlasova, I. B. Bezprozvanny","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040264","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The miniature single-photon fluorescent microscope (miniscope)\u0000enables the visualization of calcium activity in vivo in freely\u0000moving laboratory animals, providing the capability to track cellular\u0000activity during the investigation of memory formation, learning,\u0000sleep, and social interactions. However, the use of calcium sensors\u0000for in vivo imaging is limited by their relatively slow (millisecond-scale)\u0000kinetics, which complicates the recording of high-frequency spike\u0000activity. The integration of methods from single-photon miniature\u0000fluorescent microscopy with electrophysiological recording, which\u0000possesses microsecond resolution, represents a potential solution\u0000to this issue. Such a combination of techniques allows for the simultaneous\u0000recording of optical and electrophysiological activity in a single\u0000animal in vivo. In this study, a flexible polyimide microelectrode\u0000was developed and integrated with the gradient lens of the miniscope.\u0000The in vivo tests conducted in this research confirmed that the\u0000microelectrode combined with the gradient lens facilitates simultaneous\u0000single-photon calcium imaging and local field potential recording\u0000in the hippocampus of an adult mouse.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunization of Male BALB/c and C57BL/6 Mice Alters the Composition of Their Urine and the Response of Females to Its Odor","authors":"A. S. Khotskina, Yu. V. Patrushev, D. I. Yusupova, L. A. Gerlinskaya, D. V. Petrovskii, M. P. Moshkin, E. L. Zavjalov","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040070","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Odors play a key role in animal communication and mate choice.\u0000Male urinary odor becomes less attractive to mature females when\u0000males get infected or have their immune system activated. The development\u0000of the immune response at early stages is related to the production\u0000of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. To explore the chemical\u0000basis of the observed differences and analyze the effects of female\u0000interactions with the urinary odor of antigen-stimulated males,\u0000the males of inbred BALB/c (Th1) and C57BL/6 (Th2) mice were immunized\u0000with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The odor of male urine collected\u00003 days after immunization proved to be less attractive to females\u0000of both strains compared to the odor of control males. Herewith,\u0000BALB/c females sniffed the urine of immunized males less frequently,\u0000while C57BL/6 females demonstrated a shorter duration of grooming\u0000in olfactory tests with urine of immunized males. The altered response\u0000of females to the odor of male urine collected on day 3 after KLH\u0000immunization matched antigen-induced modulation of relative levels\u0000of volatile organic compounds detected in urine samples by gas chromatography/mass\u0000spectroscopy (GC-MS). Males of both strains, after KLH immunization,\u0000exhibited an increase in the content of nonanal, benzothiazole, 2-<i>sec</i>-butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole, and\u0000[1,4,5]-oxadithiepane. At the same time, no compounds were found,\u0000whose content changed multidirectionally in the urine of males after\u0000immunization in a strain-dependent manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired Tissue Content of Iron and Zinc in Mice with Growing Hepatoma 22A and Its Correction with Zinc Sulfate Supplementation","authors":"E. A. Zelenskyi, K. V. Rutto, A. S. Trulioff, D. N. Magazenkova, A. V. Sokolov, E. P. Kisseleva","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040240","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The growth of many tumors is known to induce iron and zinc\u0000deficiency in the body. Here, we studied the tissue content of iron\u0000and zinc, as well as the specific activity of two antioxidant metalloenzymes, catalase\u0000(CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), in three distant organs (thymus,\u0000liver and spleen) of mice bearing transplantable hepatoma 22a. The\u0000revealed alterations in the metal content were compared to changes\u0000in organ weights. On day 21 of tumor growth, the non-heme iron content\u0000was decreased in all three organs, while that of zinc in the thymus\u0000only, as compared to controls. CAT and SOD specific activities were\u0000increased in the thymus, while SOD activity was decreased in the\u0000liver. At the same time point, thymic involution and splenomegaly\u0000were observed to develop. In an attempt to normalize metal content,\u0000hepatoma 22a-bearing mice were supplemented with zinc sulfate (22\u0000µg/mL in drinking water) for 3 weeks. Zinc sulfate supplementation\u0000partly compensated for zinc deficiency in the thymus, increased\u0000zinc content in the liver, and restored iron content in all three\u0000organs. It also normalized SOD activity in the liver, while having\u0000no effect on both enzymes in other organs. Zinc supplementation\u0000did not influence splenic and hepatic weights, but prevented the\u0000development of thymic involution. At the same time, the deficiency\u0000of both metals in the thymus was restored, while the activity of\u0000antioxidant enzymes remained unchanged. It was concluded that thymic\u0000involution during hepatoma 22a growth in mice was due to iron and\u0000zinc deficiency in this organ, but not to the activity of antioxidant\u0000enzymes, whereas splenomegaly was not associated with either. Thus,\u0000zinc sulphate exerts a positive effect on metabolism of two vital\u0000trace elements, zinc and iron, in mice bearing hepatoma 22a, preserving\u0000the thymus as a central immune organ and, at the same time, improving\u0000the antioxidant system of the liver.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactoferrin Application for the Prevention and Restoration of Bone Tissue Alterations during Hindlimb Unloading in Rats","authors":"K. V. Gordienko, N. A. Lukicheva, A. I. Akhmetzyanova, A. K. Kolupaev, O. A. Sachenkov, T. V. Baltina, E. R. Sadchikova, G. Yu. Vassilieva","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040306","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The effect of gravitational unloading (antiorthostatic hindlimb\u0000suspension) and subsequent recovery on the mineral density and mechanical\u0000properties of the femoral and tibial bones in Wistar rats was studied\u0000during oral administration of a human lactoferrin (LF) biotechnological\u0000analog (200 mg/kg) derived from the milk of producer goats. Bone\u0000mineral density was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry,\u0000while bone strength and stiffness were assessed via the three-point\u0000bending test. It was shown that 21-day gravitational unloading led\u0000to a decrease in the mineral density of the tibia and femur. Oral\u0000LF administration had no significant effect on the mineral density\u0000and projected area of the bones. There were no statistically significant\u0000differences in mechanical stiffness between the experimental groups,\u0000although after readaptation, the ultimate strength was significantly\u0000higher in LF-administered groups. Thus, the results may indicate\u0000the potential of LF preparations as prophylactic agents for maintaining\u0000bone strength. At the same time, the maintaining of bone mineral\u0000density under deficit-stimulating conditions requires a consideration\u0000of alternative dosages and drug delivery methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the Nucleus Raphe Magnus Stimulation on Nociceptive Neurons of the Rat Caudal Ventrolateral Medulla in Normal Conditions and after Intestinal Inflammation","authors":"B. M. Sushkevich, I. B. Sivachenko, O. A. Lyubashina","doi":"10.1134/s002209302404015x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s002209302404015x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The nucleus raphe magnus (RMg) is a key structure of the endogenous\u0000antinociceptive system, the activity of which is regulated by serotonin\u00005-HT1A receptors. A recipient of the RMg descending projections\u0000is the caudal ventrolateral medulla (cVLM)—the first supraspinal\u0000center for processing visceral and somatic pain signals. Intestinal\u0000pathology is known to cause persistent functional alterations in\u0000the RMg, which are associated with the development of visceral and\u0000somatic hyperalgesia. Presumably, a consequence of the alterations\u0000may be changes in the RMg modulating effects on cVLM nociceptive\u0000activity. However, the specific neuronal and molecular mechanisms\u0000underlying such influence in normal conditions, as well as their\u0000changes in pathology remain unexplored. The aim of our neurophysiological\u0000experiments performed in anesthetized adult male Wistar rats was\u0000to compare the effects of RMg electrical stimulation on the activity\u0000of cVLM neurons evoked by visceral (colorectal distension, CRD)\u0000and somatic (tail squeezing) pain stimulations that occur in normal\u0000conditions and after intestinal inflammation (colitis), with an\u0000assessment of the contribution to these processes of the supraspinal\u00005-HT1A receptor activation with intracerebroventricular buspirone.\u0000It has been shown that RMg can exert an inhibitory effect on both\u0000non-selective and differential responses of the cVLM neurons to\u0000diverse pain stimuli, causing a weakening of excitatory neuronal\u0000reactions and an increase in inhibitory responses to CRD while inhibiting\u0000both types of reactions to tail squeezing. The RMg-evoked suppression\u0000of nociceptive excitation in the caudal medullary neurons is enhanced\u0000under activation of supraspinal 5-HT1A receptors by buspirone. It\u0000has been established that in postcolitis period the RMg inhibitory\u0000action on different populations of cVLM neurons are significantly\u0000diminished, indicating an impairment of the nucleus’ antinociceptive\u0000function. In these conditions, the RMg descending influence loses\u0000its 5-HT1A receptor-dependent component. The changes described may\u0000contribute to the supraspinal mechanisms underlying pathogenesis\u0000of post-inflammatory abdominal pain and comorbid somatic hyperalgesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"163 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active Avoidance Learning in Rats with Different Audiogenic Epilepsy Proneness","authors":"N. M. Surina, I. B. Fedotova, I. I. Poletaeva","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040239","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Learning difficulties are a fairly common comorbid complication\u0000in patients diagnosed with epilepsy. The relationship between the\u0000predisposition to epilepsy and the ability to learn is an important\u0000problem. The aim of the study was to analyze how the learning capacity\u0000differs in rats with different predispositions to reflex audiogenic\u0000epilepsy (AE). The success of active avoidance (AAC) conditioning\u0000in the shuttle box in rats of 3 strains was evaluated. These were\u0000rats predisposed to audiogenic epilepsy—the Krushinsky–Molodkina\u0000strain (KM), strain “4” (selected from a population of F2 hybrids\u0000of the KM strain and AE non-prone Wistars) and rats of “0” strain,\u0000selected for the absence of AE from the same population (i.e. these\u0000strains differ radically in AE-proneness, but have a similar genetic\u0000background). The training was conducted continuously for 5 days\u0000(20 presentations per day). Experiments have shown significantly\u0000more successful acquisition of this skill in rats of the “0” strain:\u0000in total, 75% of animals reached the learning criteria for 5 days\u0000of AAC training (70% AAC per day). The “4” strain rats indices were\u0000intermediate—41.7%, and only 1 from the 12 rats of the KM strain\u0000(8.3%) acquired the task according to this protocol. Thus, it was\u0000possible to identify more successful learning in rats, selected\u0000for the absence of AE seizures (strain “0”) compared to rats of\u0000the KM and “4” strains (expressing tonic seizures of maximum intensity\u0000in response to sound exposure). The weakest acquisition was revealed\u0000in the KM strain, in which the selection process duration for AE\u0000proneness was significantly longer than in the rats of the “4” strain.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intranasal Administration of GRP78 Protein (HSPA5) Counteracts the Neurodegeneration in the Locus Coeruleus in a Model of Chronic Sleep Restriction in Rats","authors":"M. B. Pazi, I. V. Ekimova","doi":"10.1134/s002209302404029x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s002209302404029x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Chronic sleep restriction (SR) (sleep less than 6 hours per\u0000day) due to the workload and a decrease in sleep quality is an endemic\u0000disease in modern society. Chronic sleep deprivation causes serious neuropsychiatric\u0000disfunctions associated with irreversible neurodegenerative changes\u0000in the brain. The search for pharmacological agents that can reduce\u0000the risk of neurodegeneration as a result of chronic sleep loss\u0000is a pressing issue for biomedicine. Intranasal administration of\u0000glucose-regulated 78 kDa heat shock protein (GRP78) has a neuroprotective\u0000effect in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The neuroprotective\u0000potential of intranasally administered GRP78 in chronic SR has not\u0000been previously studied. The aim of the present study was to find\u0000out whether preventive intranasal administration of GRP78 is able\u0000to weaken and/or stop the process of neurodegeneration in the locus\u0000coeruleus in the rat model of chronic SR. The study was conducted\u0000on 6 months old male Wistar rats. For SR, a validated method of\u0000a oscillating platform was used: 3 hours of sleep deprivation and\u00001 hour of rest continuously for 5 days. Recombinant human protein\u0000GRP78 was administered intranasally two days before the start of\u0000SR and during 5 days of SR. Cellular and molecular changes in the\u0000locus coeruleus during SR and during the administration of GRP78\u0000were studied using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. It was\u0000shown that chronic SR leads to the degeneration of 31% of noradrenergic\u0000neurons in the locus coeruleus, that is associated with an increase\u0000in the levels of activated caspases-3 and -9. This indicates the\u0000development of apoptosis along the mitochondrial pathway. No signs\u0000of reactive microgliosis were found in the model of chronic SR in\u0000rats. We have demonstrated that intranasally administered GRP78 penetrates\u0000and accumulates in the neurons of the locus coeruleus, GRP78 counteracts\u0000the death of neurons via the apoptosis pathway. The data obtained\u0000allows to consider GRP78 as a potential neuroprotective agent for\u0000the prevention of pathological consequences of chronic SR.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breeding of the Cairo Spiny Mouse (Acomys cahirinus) in Laboratory Conditions","authors":"P. Yu. Shkorbatova, A. A. Veshchitskii, A. A. Mikhalkin, N. I. Nikitina, A. V. Belyaev, N. S. Merkulyeva","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040082","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The Cairo spiny mouse (<i>Acomys cahirinus</i>)\u0000is a unique animal model for studying ontogenesis and regeneration.\u0000Meanwhile, some peculiarities of its biology, specifically, low\u0000fecundity and hence the small litter size, significantly complicate\u0000experimental research. This work was aimed to study <i>A. cahirinus</i> behavior and reproduction\u0000and to create a breeding colony in laboratory conditions. Here, we\u0000describe the specific features of <i>A. cahirinus</i> colony\u0000maintenance and management, including some handling and experimental\u0000techniques, methods of nutritional and housing optimization, as\u0000well as of animal marking for individual identification. Some reproductive\u0000indices of <i>A. cahirinus</i> colony\u0000are also provided. We modified the animal diet by supplementing\u0000it with dried arthropods, an important component of the <i>A. cahirinus</i> natural diet, and created\u0000environmental enrichment conditions by placing running wheels, tunnels\u0000and huts into each cage. Our efforts yielded more than a 50% increase\u0000in <i>A. cahirinus</i> population\u0000over 9 months and a 98% overall survival rate of its offspring.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Augmented Cortisol and Antiglucocorticoid Therapy in Mood Disorders: the Hippocampus as a Potential Drug Target","authors":"N. V. Gulyaeva","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040203","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The pathophysiology of many mood disorders is closely related\u0000to abnormal stress response associated with the dysfunction of the\u0000hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and cortisol overproduction. The\u0000hippocampus, a key structure of the limbic system responsible for\u0000both cognitive and emotional spheres, is selectively vulnerable\u0000to excess of glucocorticoids (GCs) inducing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.\u0000The antiGC therapy of psychiatric diseases, in particular depressive\u0000disorders, may be a useful additional treatment. Among other approaches,\u0000targeting glucocorticoid receptors, abounded in the hippocampus,\u0000is regarded as highly promising. However, though the preclinical\u0000data provide fairly firm evidence to the concept of antiGC therapy\u0000for stress-related diseases, clinical studies still are at the proof-of-concept\u0000stage. Noteworthy, chronic GC excess is associated not only with\u0000mood diseases, but also with cognitive decline, metabolic disorders,\u0000diabetes. Potentially, antiGC (HPA axis modifying) therapy may alleviate\u0000affective symptoms, cognitive disturbances, GC and insulin resistance\u0000and adverse side effects of conventional drugs through beneficial\u0000effects on the hippocampus mitigating its dysfunction and neurodegeneration,\u0000neuroinflammation, and impairment of neurogenesis. Since stress/GC-associated\u0000neuroinflammation-mediated pathology of the limbic system and, specifically,\u0000the hippocampus, is a general feature typical for many brain diseases,\u0000the concept of antiGC therapy may be extended, tested and validated\u0000in a wider spectrum of cerebral pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}