Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Metabolic Consequences of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Their Impact on Hepatic Function in High Fat Diet-Fed Rats: Potential Role of Moderate Intensity Exercise","authors":"G. M. Hamed, D. A. Abou-Bakr, N. K. M. Saleh, M. I. M. Elshishiny, W. E. Morsy","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040124","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with a heightened\u0000risk for various metabolic comorbidities, including glucose intolerance,\u0000type II diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome, hepatic\u0000steatosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Objectives:\u0000the current study aims to elucidate the metabolic consequences of\u0000PCOS, with a particular focus on insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia,\u0000and their impact on hepatic function, with or without high fat diet\u0000feeding, and to investigate the potential therapeutic role of moderate-intensity\u0000exercise in mitigating these PCOS-associated metabolic and hepatic\u0000complications. For this, 55 adult female Wistar albino rats were\u0000divided into 5 equal groups: Control group, polycystic ovary syndrome\u0000group (PCO), high fat diet fed polycystic ovary syndrome group (HF-PCO),\u0000exercise-treated polycystic ovary syndrome group (PCO-EX), and high\u0000fat diet fed exercise-treated polycystic ovary syndrome group (HF-PCO-EX).\u0000At the end of the study period (8 weeks), anthropometric measures\u0000were taken. Insulin resistance, lipid profile and liver enzymes\u0000activity were also assessed and serum estradiol, testosterone, luteinizing\u0000hormone (LH), resistin and adiponectin levels were measured. Histopathological\u0000examination of ovarian and hepatic tissues was also performed. The\u0000results obtained demonstrated that glycaemic parameters significantly\u0000implied insulin resistance which was associated with a significant\u0000increase in serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low\u0000density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and atherogenic index (AI).\u0000On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in high density\u0000lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in the PCO and HF-PCO compared\u0000to the control group. Also, the activity levels of serum alanine\u0000aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma\u0000glutamyl transferase (GGT) as well as serum concentration of testosterone,\u0000LH and resistin were all significantly increased while serum concentration of\u0000estradiol, adiponectin and adiponectin/resistin ratio (A/R) were\u0000significantly decreased. Swimming exercise was able to reduce serum\u0000testosterone and LH concentration levels and to elevate serum estradiol\u0000concentration and to improve all the metabolic parameters compared\u0000to their corresponding non-exercised groups through reduction of\u0000the proinflammatory cytokine resistin and elevation of adiponectin\u0000and A/R ratio. Histopathological analysis corroborated these findings\u0000revealing minimal inflammatory infiltration, apoptosis, and steatosis\u0000in the livers of exercised animals. These data allowed us to conclude\u0000that moderate intensity exercise notably improved insulin resistance\u0000and lipid metabolism, and mitigated hepatic effects through reducing\u0000the activity of liver enzymes and the levels of inflammatory cytokines,\u0000potentially preventing the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver\u0000disease (NAFLD) in PCOS rats, reg","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Genetic Markers of Neuroglia in Traumatic Brain Injury and Their Use for the Functional Assessment of Sportsmen","authors":"A. V. Cherepanova, Yu. R. Bravy, A. V. Karabelsky, M. M. Kotova, A. S. Shcherbakova, K. V. Apukhtin, V. S. Nikitin, M. Yu. Bobrov, A. V. Kalueff","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040185","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Neuroglia performs multiple important physiological functions,\u0000including maintenance of brain homeostasis and metabolism, neuroprotection\u0000and modulation of neurotransmission. Studying the role of neuroglia\u0000is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative\u0000diseases, as well as nervous tissue repair in inflammation or traumatic\u0000brain injuries, not infrequent in sports. However, it is difficult\u0000to analyze the processes occurring in neuroglial cells because of\u0000their high heterogeneity and no system of biomarkers allowing unambiguous\u0000assessment of the nervous system’s functional state as a whole.\u0000Here we analyze the data on clinically and biologically significant\u0000molecular genetic markers of different types of neuroglia and discuss\u0000the prospects for their use in sports physiology, including the functional\u0000assessment of athletes with TBI of varying severity and other types\u0000of sports-related traumas.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micropreparative Cell Lysate Fractionation in Studying the Effect of Natural Killer Cells on Phenotype, Migration and Apoptosis of Trophoblast Cells in vitro","authors":"A. V. Korenevsky, Yu. P. Milyutina, S. K. Bochkovsky, A. A. Oshkolova, O. N. Bespalova, S. A. Selkov, D. I. Sokolov","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040100","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Natural killer (NK) cells are a population of innate immune\u0000cells that have cytotoxic functions and are involved in protecting\u0000the body from viruses and transformed cells. Placental development\u0000is largely determined by the interaction of decidual NK cells and\u0000trophoblast cells. During pregnancy, NK cells accumulate around\u0000trophoblast cells, while regulating trophoblast proliferation, migration\u0000and invasion through the secretion of cytokines and growth factors.\u0000The trophoblast, in turn, secretes chemokines and expresses ligands\u0000for NK cell adhesion receptors. Thus, functional regulation of trophoblast\u0000and NK cells is reciprocal. Despite intensive research, the role\u0000of NK cells and methods for correcting their functional activity\u0000in reproduction remain controversial. The aim of this study was\u0000to assess the effect of NK cell lysate protein fractions on the\u0000phenotype, migration and apoptosis of trophoblast cells in an in\u0000vitro model experiment, using a new methodological approach. Chromatographic\u0000separation yielded six fractions with different protein cargoes.\u0000It was found that CD105 (endoglin) expression on the surface of JEG-3\u0000trophoblast cells after their cultivation in the presence of high-\u0000(&lt; 250 kDa) or low-molecular-weight (&lt; 45 kDa) fractions of\u0000NK-92 whole-cell lysate was reduced compared to spontaneous expression,\u0000with the relative count of trophoblast cells with a CD105+ phenotype\u0000being also lowered. In addition, one of the low-molecular-weight\u0000fractions decreased TRAIL-R2 receptor expression by trophoblast\u0000cells. The high-molecular-weight fractions did not enable trophoblast\u0000cells to migrate completely through a semi-permeable membrane, with\u0000the area occupied by the migrated cells not exceeding the baseline\u0000control area. Moreover, the high-molecular-weight fraction containing\u0000the TGFβ dimer increased p-SMAD2/3 level in trophoblast cells 1\u0000h after co-culture, followed by a decrease in the level of this\u0000phosphorylated form after 2 or more hours, and also elevated procaspase-3\u0000level one day after co-culture. The data obtained hypothetically\u0000reflect the possible behavior of chorion cells under the influence\u0000of collapsing NK cells in the event of their death under both normal\u0000and pathological conditions caused by viral and bacterial infections,\u0000as well as other stress factors leading to reproductive pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Correlations between Behavioral Parameters in the Elevated Plus Maze and the Levels of Interleukin-1beta in Blood Plasma in Rats","authors":"N. P. Komysheva, G. T. Shishkina, A. I. Mukhamadeeva, N. N. Dygalo","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040227","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Peripheral cytokines may influence psychoemotional behavior,\u0000but the role of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in altering anxiety\u0000and motor activity in response to inflammatory activation remains\u0000unclear. To clarify this issue, correlations between behavioral\u0000parameters in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test and plasma levels\u0000of IL-1beta after administration of the proinflammatory stimulus\u0000lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in different modes were analyzed in adult\u0000male rats. LPS in doses of 0.5 or 5 mg/kg, as well as physiological\u0000solution (control), were administered to rats intraperitoneally.\u0000The most pronounced behavioral effect 24 hours after a single injection\u0000was an endotoxin dose-dependent inhibition of the animals’ motor\u0000activity. Twenty four hours after the 5 mg/kg, an increased anxiety\u0000behavior was also observed. The behavioral changes caused by the\u0000high dose of endotoxin were completely normalized after a week.\u0000The behavior of the animals one day after the end of repeated injections\u0000of LPS at a lower dose for a week (0.5 mg/kg; once every two days)\u0000also did not differ from the control. The inhibition of motor activity\u0000after LPS could be due to an increase in the level of IL-1beta in\u0000the blood plasma, as indicated by the identified significant negative\u0000correlations between IL-1beta and the corresponding behavioral parameters.\u0000No significant correlation was found between the peripheral level\u0000of IL-1beta and such a classic indicator of anxiety as the percentage\u0000of entries into the open arms of the maze. In general, the obtained\u0000results allow us to conclude that IL-1beta is an undoubted participant\u0000in the mechanism of the transient inhibitory effect of LPS on motor\u0000activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Forced Swimming on the Performance of the “Water Escape Test”","authors":"M. A. Tur, I. V. Belozertseva","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040318","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Housing conditions and prior life experiences are known to\u0000affect animal behavior and brain regions that regulate important\u0000neural and physiological functions, such as memory and stress responses. Stressors\u0000of low to moderate intensity can provide an enriched environment\u0000and promote cognitive functions. In contrast, exposures of excessive\u0000severity and/or duration can lead to maladaptation and distress,\u0000altering cognitive functions. Such excessive stressors can thus\u0000be used to model pathological conditions and test diverse therapeutic\u0000approaches. In this study, we addressed whether inescapable exposure\u0000of rats to aversive water environment of the “forced swim test”\u0000would interfere with their cognitive performance on the subsequent\u0000“water escape” test. The data show that a single exposure to a 15-min\u0000forced swim session interferes significantly with the ability to\u0000escape the water environment. This is manifested by a significant\u0000increase in the latency of diving under the cylinder and a reduction\u0000in the proportion of rats capable of completing the test task during\u0000the initial session. Additionally, there is a lack of development\u0000in diving skills during repeated sessions at 15-minute intervals.\u0000These negative effects can persist for at least 2 weeks. The use\u0000of the “forced swim” procedure prior to the “water escape” test\u0000may, therefore, provide a novel experimental approach to modeling\u0000stress-induced cognitive dysfunctions and evaluating the effects\u0000of pharmacological agents with potential antidepressant and procognitive\u0000properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tryptophan Signaling Molecules in Children with Different Developmental Dynamics of Obesity","authors":"O. P. Shatova, I. M. Kolesnikova, E. M. Yagodkina, S. S. Kaydoshko, A. M. Gaponov, S. A. Roumiantsev, A. V. Shestopalov","doi":"10.1134/s002209302404001x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s002209302404001x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The high incidence of childhood obesity is a big healthcare\u0000challenge worldwide, which is fraught with the development of not\u0000only numerous somatic comorbidities but also children’s social maladaptation. Searching\u0000for early biochemical markers of obesity stabilization and its progression\u0000at an older age is very important for identifying risk groups and\u0000preventing the development of obesity and its complications. Our\u0000study showed that the child’ sex, which is often disregarded in\u0000these situations, should necessarily be considered when assessing\u0000the developmental dynamics of obesity. Whereas in girls, a decrease\u0000in serum serotonin concentrations may serve as a marker of obesity\u0000stabilization/progression, in boys, this tendency can be predicted\u0000by reduced serum indole-3-acrylate levels. In both sexes, elevated\u0000fecal indole-3-carboxaldehyde levels can be indicative of obesity\u0000stabilization/progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility across Vertebrate Taxa","authors":"B. A. Gerda, E. A. Skverchinskaya, A. Yu. Andreeva, A. A. Volkova, S. Gambaryan, I. V. Mindukshev","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040094","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The osmotic fragility of erythrocytes is a parameter that\u0000reflects the ability of cells to endure variations in the osmotic\u0000environment. The impairment of this ability is often associated\u0000with a variety of pathologies, encompassing hemolytic anemias, malignant\u0000tumors, and cardiovascular dysfunctions. Osmotic fragility exhibits\u0000variability across different animal taxa and is closely related\u0000with ecosystems. We developed the method for assessing osmotic fragility\u0000using a laser particle size analyzer, which facilitates real-time\u0000kinetic monitoring of cell concentration changes under controlled\u0000temperature conditions. The species examined included <i>Homo sapiens</i>, <i>Rattus\u0000norvegicus domestica</i>, <i>Coturnix japonica\u0000domestica</i>, <i>Rana ridibunda</i>, <i>Carassius carassius</i>, and <i>Lampetra fluviatilis</i>. The methodology\u0000was presented in two variants: (1) manual water additions and (2)\u0000automated medium dilution. The key parameters characterizing osmotic\u0000fragility included <i>H</i>\u0000₅₀ (the\u0000osmolality that lysed half of lysis-susceptible cells), <i>H</i>\u0000₉₀ (90% cell\u0000lysis), and <i>W</i> (population heterogeneity\u0000by the degree of lysis resistance). In terms of <i>H</i>\u0000₅₀ and <i>W</i>, the results obtained via this\u0000method did not differ significantly from those obtained by spectrophotometry\u0000and flow cytometry. No significant differences were also observed between\u0000the outcomes of automated and manual variants of the method. Erythrocytes\u0000of aquatic and semiaquatic animals exhibited significantly higher\u0000resistance to hypotonic lysis. Among all species examined, amphibian\u0000(<i>Rana ridibunda</i>) and lamprey\u0000(<i>Lampetra fluviatilis</i>) erythrocytes\u0000demonstrated the lowest osmotic fragility. The most pronounced variability\u0000in the degree of lysis resistance was detected among amphibians,\u0000with an almost twofold difference compared to other taxa examined.\u0000While mammalian (human and rat) erythrocytes exhibited similar fragility\u0000levels, they were more variable in their resistance profiles. Avian\u0000erythrocytes demonstrated a half-lysis occurrence at higher osmolality levels\u0000compared to mammalian erythrocytes, although in the domestic quail\u0000(<i>Coturnix japonica domestica</i>),\u0000erythrocytes lysed over a considerably wider osmotic range and contained\u0000a subset of cells resistant to hypotonic lysis. These findings indicate\u0000that erythrocytes of lower vertebrates share a lower osmotic fragility\u0000compared to those of higher vertebrates, a phenomenon most likely\u0000attributable to embryonic characteristics, ecto-/endothermy, and\u0000habitat considerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Phenanthrene on Electrical Activity of Ventricular Cardiomyocytes in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)","authors":"T. S. Filatova, A. V. Shamshura, D. V. Abramochkin","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040033","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Oil production in the Arctic shelf and its shipping via the\u0000Northern Sea Route increase risks of pollution of Arctic ecosystems\u0000with oil and its products. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons are known to\u0000be the most toxic oil components, with phenanthrene being the most\u0000abundant among them and causing the most robust effects. Phenanthrene\u0000is known for its high toxicity for developing fish hearts, with\u0000its cardiotoxic effects being species-specific. Meanwhile, the effects\u0000of phenanthrene on cardiac function in Arctic fish, including commercially\u0000important fish species, are still poorly understood. Here, we studied the\u0000effects of phenanthrene on electrical activity and ionic currents\u0000in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes of the Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>) using the patch clamp\u0000technique. The major ionic currents in cod myocardium were I_Kr,\u0000I_K1, I_Na and I_Ca.\u0000Phenanthrene at a concentration of 1 µM (1) had no effect on the\u0000duration of action potentials (APs), (2) suppressed rapid delayed\u0000rectifier K⁺ current I_Kr by\u000061.33 ± 3.94%, thus decreasing the repolarization reserve in cardiomyocytes,\u0000(3) had no effect on either the resting potential level or background\u0000inward rectifier K⁺ current (I_K1),\u0000(4) decreased AP upstroke velocity due to suppression of fast Na⁺ current\u0000(I_Na), (5) insignificantly reduced the amplitude\u0000of Ca²⁺ current (I_Ca)\u0000and accelerated its inactivation, which overall led to a decrease\u0000in I_Ca total cumulative charge transfer.\u0000Thus, the effects of phenanthrene on cod myocardium at a cellular\u0000level can be characterized as potentially proarrhythmic, which makes\u0000cod populations in the Arctic seas vulnerable to pollution of the\u0000aquatic environment with toxic oil components during oil spills\u0000in the event of man-made disasters.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concentration and Composition of Circulating Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Patients with Colonic Polyps and Colorectal Cancer","authors":"N. V. Yunusova, D. A. Svarovsky, E. S. Kolegova, O. V. Cheremisina, D. N. Kostromitsky, I. V. Kondakova, E. A. Sidenko, A. Yu. Dobrodeev, A. E. Grigor’eva","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040069","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous population\u0000of membrane-bound nanoparticles (&lt; 1 µm in size) secreted by\u0000various cell types. Most of EVs circulating in human blood are derived\u0000from platelets, leukocytes, erythrocytes, and endotheliocytes. The\u0000composition of circulating adipocyte-derived EVs under various pathological\u0000conditions has been virtually unknown. Small EVs were isolated by\u0000ultrafiltration and double ultracentrifugation from blood plasma\u0000of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and colonic polyps with\u0000obesity or metabolic syndrome. The composition of adipocyte-derived EVs\u0000was analyzed by immunoprecipitation combined with Western blotting\u0000and flow cytometry. EVs fractions (FABP4- and CD11b-immunoprecipitated\u0000EVs, as well as EVs contained in the supernatant after removal of\u0000CD11b-positive EVs) contained a complex of adipocyte markers (FABP4,\u0000PPAR-γ, perilipin 1). In CRC patients without obesity, monocyte/macrophage-derived\u0000EVs precipitated on CD11b-coated particles were characterized by\u0000a combined overexpression of FABP4 and perilipin 1, while such an\u0000overexpression was not typical for CRC patients with metabolic syndrome\u0000or obesity. The fraction of true adipocyte-derived EVs (supernatant\u0000after removal of CD11b-positive EVs) was characterized by the presence\u0000of a complex of adipocyte markers with a predominant expression\u0000of FABP4 in all patients both with metabolic syndrome/metabolically\u0000healthy obesity and without metabolic disorders. To correctly characterize\u0000circulating EVs in patients without obesity, it is necessary first\u0000to remove the fraction of CD11b-positive monocyte/macrophage-derived\u0000EVs from EV preparations by immunoprecipitation or similar methods,\u0000and then, after removal/sorption of precipitated EVs, to analyze\u0000the composition of adipocyte-derived EVs in the supernatant using\u0000a set of above-mentioned adipocyte markers. Moreover, in patients\u0000with metabolic disorders, given the insignificant FABP4 expression\u0000in CD11b-immunoprecipitated EVs, the pre-depletion of EV preparations\u0000does not appear to be that necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Apamin on the Extracellularly Recorded Action Potentials Profiles of Subepicardial Cardiomyocytes of the Rat Heart in Myocardial Infarction","authors":"A. V. Stepanov, M. G. Dobretsov, Yu. A. Filippov, I. V. Kubasov","doi":"10.1134/s0022093024040057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0022093024040057","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The role of small-conductance Ca²⁺-activated\u0000K⁺-channels (SK channels) in the pathogenesis\u0000of cardiomyopathies of various etiologies remains poorly understood.\u0000The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of the blocker\u0000of SK channels, apamin, on the extracellularly recorded action potentials\u0000(eAPs) of subepicardial myocytes in the left ventricles of sham-operated\u0000rats and rats with myocardial infarction caused by ischemia-reperfusion.\u0000It was found that local delivery of the SK channel blocker apamin\u0000at a concentration of 500 nM to the eAP recording area did not affect\u0000the eAP profiles in the group of sham-operated rats but caused a\u0000significant slowdown in the repolarization time and a decrease in\u0000the afterhyperpolarization phase of eAPs in the group of rats with\u0000myocardial infarction. These data suggest that changes in the waveform\u0000of eAPs after infarction are associated with increased expression\u0000and/or activity of SK channels in subepicardial myocytes. The possible\u0000role of these channels in the structural and functional remodeling\u0000of the myocardium of the left ventricle of the heart after ischemia-reperfusion\u0000is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}