Impaired Tissue Content of Iron and Zinc in Mice with Growing Hepatoma 22A and Its Correction with Zinc Sulfate Supplementation

Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI:10.1134/s0022093024040240

E. A. Zelenskyi, K. V. Rutto, A. S. Trulioff, D. N. Magazenkova, A. V. Sokolov, E. P. Kisseleva

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Abstract

The growth of many tumors is known to induce iron and zinc deficiency in the body. Here, we studied the tissue content of iron and zinc, as well as the specific activity of two antioxidant metalloenzymes, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), in three distant organs (thymus, liver and spleen) of mice bearing transplantable hepatoma 22a. The revealed alterations in the metal content were compared to changes in organ weights. On day 21 of tumor growth, the non-heme iron content was decreased in all three organs, while that of zinc in the thymus only, as compared to controls. CAT and SOD specific activities were increased in the thymus, while SOD activity was decreased in the liver. At the same time point, thymic involution and splenomegaly were observed to develop. In an attempt to normalize metal content, hepatoma 22a-bearing mice were supplemented with zinc sulfate (22 µg/mL in drinking water) for 3 weeks. Zinc sulfate supplementation partly compensated for zinc deficiency in the thymus, increased zinc content in the liver, and restored iron content in all three organs. It also normalized SOD activity in the liver, while having no effect on both enzymes in other organs. Zinc supplementation did not influence splenic and hepatic weights, but prevented the development of thymic involution. At the same time, the deficiency of both metals in the thymus was restored, while the activity of antioxidant enzymes remained unchanged. It was concluded that thymic involution during hepatoma 22a growth in mice was due to iron and zinc deficiency in this organ, but not to the activity of antioxidant enzymes, whereas splenomegaly was not associated with either. Thus, zinc sulphate exerts a positive effect on metabolism of two vital trace elements, zinc and iron, in mice bearing hepatoma 22a, preserving the thymus as a central immune organ and, at the same time, improving the antioxidant system of the liver.

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生长型肝瘤 22A 小鼠组织中铁和锌含量受损及补充硫酸锌后的纠正效果

摘要众所周知，许多肿瘤的生长会诱发体内铁和锌的缺乏。在这里，我们研究了移植性肝癌 22a 小鼠的三个远处器官（胸腺、肝脏和脾脏）中铁和锌的组织含量，以及两种抗氧化金属酶--过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的特异性活性。所显示的金属含量变化与器官重量变化进行了比较。与对照组相比，在肿瘤生长的第 21 天，所有三个器官中的非血红素铁含量都有所下降，而胸腺中的锌含量则有所下降。胸腺中的 CAT 和 SOD 活性增加，而肝脏中的 SOD 活性降低。在同一时间点，观察到胸腺萎缩和脾脏肿大。为了使金属含量趋于正常，22a 型肝癌小鼠连续 3 周补充硫酸锌（饮用水中浓度为 22µg/mL ）。补充硫酸锌部分弥补了胸腺缺锌，增加了肝脏中的锌含量，并恢复了所有三个器官中的铁含量。它还使肝脏中的 SOD 活性恢复正常，但对其他器官中的这两种酶没有影响。补锌不会影响脾脏和肝脏的重量，但能防止胸腺萎缩的发生。同时，胸腺中两种金属的缺乏得到了恢复，而抗氧化酶的活性保持不变。结论是，小鼠肝癌 22a 生长过程中的胸腺退化是由于该器官缺铁和缺锌造成的，与抗氧化酶的活性无关，而脾肿大与这两种金属都没有关系。因此，硫酸锌对 22a 型肝癌小鼠体内锌和铁这两种重要微量元素的新陈代谢具有积极作用，从而保护了胸腺这一核心免疫器官，同时改善了肝脏的抗氧化系统。

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