Journal of Functional Biomaterials最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength Between Monolithic Zirconia and Three Different Core Build-Up Materials.","authors":"Ayben Şentürk, Bora Akat, Fehmi Gönüldaş, Onur Alp Halaçlı, Selin Kartal, Mehmet Ali Kılıçarslan","doi":"10.3390/jfb16090355","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16090355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength (SBS) between monolithic zirconia (MZ) and different core build-up materials. Sixty cylindrical MZ specimens were fabricated and divided into three groups (<i>n</i> = 20) based on the type of core build-up material: nanohybrid composite resin (NHCR), glass ionomer cement (GIC), and zirconia-reinforced glass ionomer cement (zirconomer). All specimens were subjected to airborne-particle abrasion with aluminum oxide and bonded using a self-adhesive dual-cure resin cement. After 24 h of storage in distilled water at 37 °C, SBS testing was performed using a universal testing machine. Failure modes were examined under a stereomicroscope and classified as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed. The NHCR group exhibited the highest SBS values (48.32 ± 12.49 MPa), followed by the Zirkonomer group (14.19 ± 3.66 MPa), and the GIC group (10.37 ± 4.21 MPa). The SBS of NHCR was significantly higher than that of both Zirconomer and GIC (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Although no significant difference was found between Zirconomer and GIC, Zirconomer demonstrated higher mean bond strength. Within the limitations of this study, NHCR showed the highest bond strength to monolithic zirconia. Zirconomer performed better than conventional GIC; however, further investigations involving different surface treatments and long-term clinical conditions are recommended to enhance its bonding efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-Functional Nanomaterials for Enhanced Lung Cancer Therapy: The Synergistic Roles of Vitamins D and K.","authors":"Andreea Crintea, Camelia Munteanu, Tamás Ilyés, Ciprian N Silaghi, Alexandra M Crăciun","doi":"10.3390/jfb16090352","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16090352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, requiring the development of innovative and effective therapeutic strategies. Bio-functional nanomaterials, due to their unique physicochemical properties, offer a versatile platform for targeted drug delivery, controlled release, and multimodal therapies, thereby enhancing efficacy and reducing the systemic toxicity of conventional treatments. Independently, both vitamin D and vitamin K have demonstrated significant anti-cancer properties, including inhibition of proliferation, induction of apoptosis, modulation of angiogenesis, and attenuation of metastatic potential in various cancer cell lines and in vivo models. However, their clinical application is often limited by poor bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and potential for off-target effects. Specifically, by enhancing the solubility, stability, and targeted accumulation of fat-soluble vitamins D and K within tumoral tissues for improved lung cancer therapy, this review emphasizes the novel and cooperative role of bio-functional nanomaterials in overcoming these limitations. Future studies should focus on the logical development of sophisticated nanomaterial carriers for optimal co-delivery plans and thorough in vivo validation, aiming to convert these encouraging preclinical results into successful clinical treatments for patients with lung cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Antimicrobial Efficacy: Synthesis Methodologies, Mechanistic Perspectives, and Versatile Applications.","authors":"Zaixiang Zheng, Junnan Cui, Shutong Wu, Zhimin Cao, Pan Cao","doi":"10.3390/jfb16090353","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16090353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial contamination and the escalating crisis of antibiotic resistance represent pressing global public health threats, with approximately 4.95 million deaths linked to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in 2019 and projections estimating up to 10 million annual fatalities by 2050. As third-generation antimicrobial materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional agents, leveraging their unique attributes such as high specific surface areas, tunable porosity, and controlled metal ion release kinetics. This review provides a systematic analysis of the foundational principles and core antibacterial mechanisms of MOFs, which include the sustained release of metal ions (e.g., Ag⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺), the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and synergistic effects with encapsulated functional molecules. We highlight how these mechanisms underpin their efficacy across a range of applications. Rather than offering an exhaustive list of synthesis methods and metal compositions, this review focuses on clarifying structure-function relationships that enable MOF-based materials to outperform conventional antimicrobials. Their potential is particularly evident in several key areas: wound dressings and medical coatings that enhance tissue regeneration and prevent infections; targeted nanotherapeutics against drug-resistant bacteria; and functional coatings for food preservation and water disinfection. Despite existing challenges, including gaps in clinical translation, limited efficacy in complex multi-species infections, and incomplete mechanistic understanding, MOFs hold significant promise to revolutionize antimicrobial therapy. Through interdisciplinary optimization and advancements in translational research, MOFs are poised to drive a paradigm shift from \"passive defense\" to \"active ecological regulation\", offering a critical solution to mitigate the global AMR crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Efficacy of Clear Aligners in Class II Malocclusion: From Pediatric to Adult Cases-A Narrative Review.","authors":"Gianna Dipalma, Grazia Marinelli, Francesco Inchingolo, Marialuisa Longo, Maral Di Giulio Cesare, Sharon Di Serio, Andrea Palermo, Massimo Del Fabbro, Alessio Danilo Inchingolo, Angelo Michele Inchingolo","doi":"10.3390/jfb16090354","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16090354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Class II malocclusion is one of the most common and challenging orthodontic problems, often requiring complex, lengthy treatment and sometimes involving extractions or surgery. While conventional fixed appliances have been the gold standard, the increasing demand for aesthetic and comfortable treatment alternatives has made clear aligners a prevalent choice. Understanding the specific biomechanics, limitations, and successful clinical strategies for using aligners-especially in managing vertical dimension and achieving skeletal correction (mandibular advancement)-is crucial for expanding non-invasive treatment options and improving outcomes for a broad range of Class II patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this review is to examine the effectiveness and clinical approaches of clear aligners in Class II correction across different age groups, with particular attention to vertical control, mandibular advancement methods, and the predictability of tooth movements in both growing and fully mature patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This review narratively discusses the most relevant clinical findings and practical strategies for managing Class II malocclusions with clear aligners. Particular attention is given to the integration of auxiliary devices, such as elastics, attachments, and temporary anchorage devices (TADs), which can enhance biomechanical control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combination of aligners with mini-implants and attachments resulted in a consequent decrease in excessive overjet, improvement in facial profile, and long-term stability supported by fixed retention. In growing patients, correction benefited from mandibular advancement protocols and control of molar extrusion, allowing for preservation of the mandibular plane angle. Movement predictability showed higher reliability in anterior torque movements, whereas maxillary incisor intrusion remained less predictable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Clear aligners, especially when supported by auxiliary device, such as mini-implants and attachments, offer a reliable and aesthetic alternative to conventional orthodontic treatment for Class II malocclusions. However, certain tooth movements may still be less predictable, highlighting the need for careful planning, individualized biomechanics, and ongoing technological improvements.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-Driven Design and Additive Manufacturing of Patient-Specific Lattice Titanium Scaffolds for Mandibular Bone Reconstruction.","authors":"Nail Beisekenov, Bagdat Azamatov, Marzhan Sadenova, Dmitriy Dogadkin, Daniyar Kaliyev, Sergey Rudenko, Boris Syrnev","doi":"10.3390/jfb16090350","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16090350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The reconstruction of segmental bone defects requires patient-specific scaffolds that combine mechanical safety, biological functionality, and rapid manufacturing. We converted CT-derived mandibular geometry into a functionally graded Ti-6Al-4V lattice and optimised porosity, screw layout, and strut thickness through a cyber-physical loop that joins high-fidelity FEM, millisecond ANN, and a BN for uncertainty quantification. Fifteen candidate scaffolds were fabricated by direct metal laser sintering and hot isostatic pressing and were mechanically tested. FEM predicted stress and stiffness with 98% accuracy; the ANN reproduced these outputs with 94% fidelity while evaluating 10,000 designs in real time, and the BN limited failure probability to <3% under worst-case loads. The selected 55-65% porosity design reduced titanium use by 15%, shortened development time by 25% and raised multi-objective optimisation efficiency by 20% relative to a solid-plate baseline, while resisting a 600 N bite with a peak von Mises stress of 225 MPa and micromotion < 150 µm. Integrating physics-based simulation, AI speed, and probabilistic rigour yields a validated, additively manufactured scaffold that meets surgical timelines and biomechanical requirements, offering a transferable blueprint for functional scaffolds in bone and joint surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bionanomaterials or Nanobiomaterials: Differences in Definitions and Applications.","authors":"Bogdan Walkowiak, Małgorzata Siatkowska, Piotr Komorowski","doi":"10.3390/jfb16090351","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16090351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the turn of the century, we have witnessed an extremely intensive development of biotechnology and nanotechnology, which, in terms of intensity can only be compared to the development of information technology and the resulting emergence of artificial intelligence. In the present review, we deliberately omit the development of information technology and artificial intelligence. Instead, our interest is focused on bionanomaterials and nanobiomaterials, their production and applications, and, in particular, the different meanings of these terms. We adopted an analysis of the literature published between January 2000 and May 2025, available in PubMed. The database was searched for selected areas: types (origin, structure, and function), manufacturing methods (chemical, physicochemical, and biological), and applications (medicine/pharmacy, textile technology, cosmetology, and agriculture/environment). Our findings revealed a significant increase in the number of publications for both terms, with nanobiomaterials predominating. The authors of the publications included in PubMed clearly outline the separation of meanings of both concepts, despite the lack of normative regulations in this regard. Nanoparticles are the most commonly represented type in the use of both terms, and drug delivery is a dominant application. However, it is worth noting the lack of nanobiomaterials in the agricultural/environmental application categories. Despite the enormous similarity between the terms \"nanobiomaterials\" and \"bionanomaterials,\" both in terms of nomenclature and application, there is a significant difference resulting from the manufacturing technologies and applications used. The term \"nanobiomaterials\" should be assigned only to biomaterials, in accordance with the definition of a biomaterial, regardless of their manufacturing technology, while the term \"bionanomaterials\" should be applied to all products of bionanotechnology, excluding products used as biomaterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Additive and Traditional Manufacturing for Multiscale Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds.","authors":"Yixuan Zhu, Haotian Gao, Qingchen Qiao, Yafei Yuan, Dongyu Fang, Yuxing Bai, Qingsong Jiang","doi":"10.3390/jfb16090349","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16090349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a cutting-edge technology for fabricating biomimetic scaffolds with controllable architectures and compositional diversity, showing great promise in the fields of bone tissue engineering (BTE) and regenerative medicine. However, due to limitations in printing resolution and single-process capabilities, AM alone struggles to replicate the complex multiscale hierarchical structures inherent in native bone. Traditional fabrication techniques provide valuable complementary strategies to address these limitations. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the construction of heterogeneous scaffolds from a multiscale design perspective, encompassing macro-, meso-, and microscale approaches. Emphasis is placed on the integration of major AM techniques-such as extrusion-based and light-based printing-with conventional methods including freeze-drying, gas foaming, and electrospinning. Particular attention is given to emerging in situ fabrication strategies, such as in situ foaming and mineralization, which enable spatially resolved and functionally graded architectures. Furthermore, this review explores pathways for constructing multiscale-integrated scaffolds and examines the current challenges and opportunities in clinical translation. Collectively, this work provides a comprehensive framework to guide the development of next-generation bone tissue scaffolds with enhanced biological performance and translational potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Original Locking Rod System Designed for Diaphyseal Fractures of Long Bones.","authors":"Liviu-Coriolan Misca, Cristian Constantin Croicu, Adrian Emil Lazarescu, Mihai-Alexandru Sandesc, Jenel Marian Patrascu, Sorin Florescu, Jenel Marian Patrascu","doi":"10.3390/jfb16090348","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16090348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b>: Intramedullary nailing is widely used for long bone fractures. Traditional systems are reliable, but they present some complications regarding lack of modularity or possible growth plate damage. <b>Methods</b>: A novel locking rod-screw system featuring a central rod and a grooved screw with a secondary interlocking mechanism was developed and tested. Mechanical testing followed ASTM F543 and ISO 6475 standards using a 3.0 mm steel alloy prototype. <b>Results</b>: The system withstood mechanical testing >200,000 cycles at loads up to 200 N with no rates of failure or loosening, significantly outperforming other implants of the same size (3.0 mm TENS). <b>Conclusions</b>: The proposed implant demonstrates superior biomechanical performance in vitro, enabled by its unique hollow screw and secondary locking configuration. This modular and minimally invasive system shows promise for use in cases of smaller long bones, personalized paediatric fractures, and all types of diaphyseal fractures, but does warrant in vivo validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocompatibility Evaluation of Porcine-Derived Collagen Sheets for Clinical Applications: In Vitro Cytotoxicity, In Vivo Sensitization, and Intracutaneous Reactivity Studies.","authors":"Tae-Hoon Koo, Jason K Lee, Shawn P Grogan, Darryl D D'Lima","doi":"10.3390/jfb16090347","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16090347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biocompatibility evaluation of medical devices is essential for ensuring safety, with ISO 10993 series being the standard. However, these tests can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. This study assessed the early-stage biocompatibility of a collagen matrix derived from porcine dermis using three selective ISO tests: in vitro cytotoxicity, in vivo sensitization, and irritation. Collagen was hydrolyzed, purified from miniature pig skin, and then processed into porous sheets via lyophilization. Extracts were prepared using both polar and non-polar extraction vehicles for biological testing. Cytotoxicity testing with mouse fibroblast cells showed no significant cytotoxic effects, with cell morphology and viability comparable to controls. Sensitization testing in guinea pigs, involving intradermal and topical exposure, revealed no allergic responses. Irritation testing in rabbits showed no signs of irritation. The cytotoxicity test took 3 days, the sensitization test 28 days, and the irritation test 7 days, all of which proved suitable for early biocompatibility screening. These results confirmed that the collagen matrix is non-cytotoxic, non-sensitizing, and non-irritant for a month. The use of these three tests enables early identification of unsafe materials, reducing time, cost, and animal use before advancing to more complex ISO 10993 studies. Therefore, they are appropriate and necessary for early feasibility decisions in medical device development.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Swelling Antibacterial Hydrogels Based on Electrostatic Repulsion and Hydrophobic Interactions for Human Motion Sensing.","authors":"Zexing Deng, Litong Shen, Qiwei Cheng, Ying Li, Tianming Du, Xin Zhao","doi":"10.3390/jfb16090346","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jfb16090346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of high-performance sensing materials is critical for advancing bioelectronics. Conductive hydrogels, with their unique flexibility, are promising candidates for biomedical sensors. However, traditional conductive hydrogels often suffer from excessive swelling and undesirable antibacterial activity, limiting their practical use. To overcome these challenges, anti-swelling, antibacterial, and ionically conductive hydrogels were built through free radical polymerization. The preparation was conducted using a monomer mixture comprising acrylic acid (AA), the antibacterial zwitterionic compound [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (SBMA), and the hydrophobic monomer lauryl methacrylate (LMA). The protonation of SBMA by AA enables electrostatic repulsion, thereby imparting anti-swelling properties to the hydrogel. The introduction of hydrophobic LMA components further enhances the anti-swelling and mechanical performance of hydrogel. The resulting hydrogel exhibits excellent anti-swelling property with a swelling ratio of 59.36% after 120 h and good mechanical performance with a tensile strength of 158 kPa, an elongation at break of 176%, and a compressive strength of 0.37 MPa at 80% strain. In addition, hydrogels possess superior sensing performance for strain sensing with a gauge factor of 1.315 within 40-60% of strain, 330 ms of response time, and 177 ms of recovery time. Furthermore, the hydrogel is capable of monitoring human motion and physiological signals. These attributes make it highly suitable for wearable sensors and biomedical monitoring applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}