Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials最新文献

{"title":"Surface Modification of PEEK by Zn/Mg Ion Implantation for Improved Osteogenic and Antibacterial Performance","authors":"Shanshan Chu,&nbsp;Wenwen Yuan,&nbsp;Ling Tian,&nbsp;Danfeng Feng,&nbsp;Xu Fang","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.70148","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.b.70148","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Because its elastic modulus is closer to that of cortical bone, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been considered a potential alternative to titanium for dental implants. However, the biological inertness and lack of intrinsic antibacterial activity of pristine PEEK limit its osseointegration and increase the risk of peri-implant infection. In this study, Zn-, Mg-, and Zn/Mg-implanted PEEK were prepared using a metal vapor vacuum arc ion source, with untreated PEEK as the control. Surface chemical composition, ion release, roughness, and wettability were characterized, and the osteogenic responses of MG-63 cells and antibacterial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> were evaluated. Ion implantation introduced Zn and/or Mg into the near-surface region of PEEK and was accompanied by increased surface roughness and improved hydrophilicity. Mg-containing surfaces, particularly the Zn/Mg group, promoted cell spreading, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and the expression of osteogenesis-related genes, including <i>ALP</i>, <i>IBSP</i>, and <i>BGLAP.</i> Antibacterial activity was more evident on Zn-containing surfaces, whereas Mg alone showed only limited antibacterial effects. Although Zn alone showed stronger inhibition of <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i>, Zn/Mg co-implantation achieved a more favorable overall balance between osteogenic and antibacterial performance. Zn/Mg co-implantation improved osteogenesis-related responses while adding antibacterial activity to PEEK surfaces, suggesting its potential as a coating-free modification strategy for PEEK-based implant materials.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148766319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteogenic GelMA/Calcium Oligophosphate Composite Hydrogel for Bone Regeneration","authors":"Yue Shu,&nbsp;Meizi Zhang,&nbsp;Bo Li,&nbsp;Ziyi Yan,&nbsp;Lingfei Liu,&nbsp;Yiran Wang,&nbsp;Congyan Xia,&nbsp;Zhongning Liu,&nbsp;Yanlin Chen","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.70141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.70141","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Critical-sized bone defects (CSDs) represent a major clinical challenge due to their limited self-healing capacity. Conventional hydrogels incorporating crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) often fail to recapitulate the hierarchical nanostructure of native bone, leading to suboptimal regeneration outcomes. To overcome this, we developed a biomimetic hydrogel by molecularly integrating amorphous calcium phosphate oligomers (CPO) into gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), enabling a bone-like organic–inorganic hybrid network. This composite exhibits outstanding performance: an ultimate strength of 192 kPa at 18 wt% CPO confirms robust mechanical reinforcement, while 54% mass retention after 56 days underscores exceptional degradation resistance and dose-dependent bioactivity, evidenced by a two-fold upregulation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The amorphous CPO facilitates biomimetic HA nucleation within the GelMA matrix, mimicking the natural mineralization process. In a rat calvarial CSD model, the hydrogel promoted 60% bone volume regeneration within 12 weeks, significantly outperforming conventional composites, through seamless host integration, vascularized trabecular bone formation, and a collagen–mineral hierarchy resembling native osteogenesis. This study establishes CPO as a transformative component that converts passive scaffolds into bioactive osteogenic microenvironments, offering a clinically viable strategy for complex bone regeneration.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148754033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Trichomes as a Functional Biomaterial Platform With Photoprotective and Regenerative Properties","authors":"Jianmei Chen,&nbsp;Yifan Wu,&nbsp;Tiantian Zhu,&nbsp;Zongguang Liu","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.70147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.70147","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Effective skin repair and photoprotection require multifunctional, simple, and ready-to-use biomaterials. We focused on natural tea trichomes (TH), a class of plant-derived microfilaments abundantly distributed on tea leaves, as a potential candidate biomaterial that fulfills these criteria. TH exhibited a uniform fibrous morphology with a diameter of approximately 9.1 μm and a high polyphenol content of 176 μg/mg. In vitro ABTS⁺ and DPPH assays confirmed its effective radical scavenging capacity. In vivo studies demonstrated rapid hemostasis with negligible hemolysis, underscoring its biosafety. In a murine full-thickness wound model, TH significantly accelerated tissue regeneration, achieving 88.9% wound closure on day 10 versus 77.6% in controls, by promoting M1-to-M2 macrophage polarization, enhancing collagen deposition, and stimulating hair follicle neogenesis. Furthermore, TH, whether applied alone or blended into a hyaluronic acid (HA) matrix, effectively mitigated UV-induced epidermal hyperplasia, collagen degradation, and inflammatory cytokine expression. This work demonstrates that TH can serve as a sustainable, multifunctional platform for skin repair, with regenerative and photoprotective properties as its primary demonstrated functions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148754032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction of Biodegradable Recombinant Honeybee Silk Films With Acute Wound Healing Processes In Vivo","authors":"Caitlin L. Johnston,&nbsp;Lyndall J. Briggs,&nbsp;Amy Kita,&nbsp;Tara D. Sutherland,&nbsp;Michelle Michie,&nbsp;Mariana Velasque,&nbsp;Zlatko Kopecki,&nbsp;Anna Antipov","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Advanced wound care increasingly demands materials that can both integrate safely with tissue and support next-generation programmable functions. Recombinant protein biomaterials offer unique opportunities for designing adaptive wound dressings; however, their inherent susceptibility to host proteases presents a critical challenge, as protein-based materials may act as competitive substrates that alter proteolytic flux and potentially impede healing. Here, recombinant honeybee silk (F1-4) films were evaluated for protease susceptibility and biocompatibility, and wound-healing effects were assessed in a preclinical murine excisional wound model. The material was well tolerated, with no adverse events and no detrimental impact on final wound closure or early scar formation. Subtle, transient effects were observed during the inflammatory and proliferative phases, including modestly slower wound closure between days 7–13 and thinner epidermal coverage at day 14, with histological differences most pronounced at day 7. While recombinant honeybee silk was susceptible to host-relevant proteases in vitro, protease activity was not directly measured in wound tissue or exudate. Therefore, the observed transient differences in healing are consistent with, but do not establish, the hypothesis that the material may act as a modest competitive substrate during the proliferative phase. Importantly, this did not impair overall healing outcomes. Together, these results establish foundational safety evidence and highlight recombinant honeybee silk as a promising platform for engineering advanced, responsive healthcare materials for clinical wound management.</p>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.b.70138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wear Rate, Particle Morphology, and Biocompatibility of Polyether-Ether-Ketone Femoral Heads Against Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene Acetabular Cups in Hip Prosthetic Couples","authors":"Fei Hu,&nbsp;Xinyue Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaobo Wu,&nbsp;Zhuocheng Lyu,&nbsp;Xu Zheng,&nbsp;Linjun Yang,&nbsp;Zikai Hua,&nbsp;Dekun Zhang,&nbsp;You Wang","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.70139","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.b.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biological reactions to wear particles from artificial joint prostheses can lead to osteolysis, ultimately resulting in aseptic loosening and implant failure, which affect the longevity of the prosthesis and the patient's quality of life. Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) has emerged as a key area of research in orthopedic implant materials due to its excellent wear resistance and biomechanical compatibility with human bone tissue. In this study, we conducted a 10-million-cycle simulator wear test on hip artificial joints with polyetheretherketone-on-highly cross-linked polyethylene (PEEK-on-HCLPE) bearing couplings for the first time. The results indicated the total wear loss of the highly cross-linked polyethylene (HCLPE) liners was 34.03 ± 3.2 mg (~2.96 mg/MC or 3.18 mm³/MC after linear fitting). The physicochemical properties of the mixed particles indicated a predominant particle size distribution ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 μm. Pure PEEK or HCLPE particles with the similar size range (maximum size: 0.5 μm) were generated by an EXAKT grinding system, followed by vacuum filtration with precision pore—size membranes for the biocompatibility experiments. In vitro immunological assays showed that 0.1 to 0.5 μm PEEK particles may induce a relatively weaker immune inflammatory effect than 0.1 to 0.5 μm HCLPE particles. In conclusion, the PEEK-on-HCLPE bearing couple has been demonstrated to have acceptable biosafety and a wear rate suitable for use as a potential hip replacement implant.</p>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.b.70139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148712433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual Al2O3 From Grit Blasted Components Operate as Third Body Wear Particles in Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Exploratory Study","authors":"Peter W. Kurtz,&nbsp;Bradley Gordon,&nbsp;Charley M. Goodwin,&nbsp;Emma Barnes,&nbsp;Dinghe Liu,&nbsp;Steven M. Kurtz,&nbsp;Nicolas S. Piuzzi,&nbsp;William M. Mihalko,&nbsp;Jeremy L. Gilbert","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.70137","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.b.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite the success of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), a small percentage of devices fail. Due to the high volume of surgeries performed each year, revision total knee arthroplasty surgery presents a burden on patients and surgeons. One aspect that may improve TKA outcomes is device design, specifically the use of grit blasting to increase the surface roughness. This is a common design feature seen in TKA where grit blasted instruments and implants such as the tibial tray will be utilized during the surgery. Other components in the implant system include a polyethylene tibial insert, patellar component, and a polished femoral component. Grit blasting is a process that propels alumina grit at a high velocity to plastically deform the surface. Often, residual alumina remains embedded in the surface of the implant. In this exploratory study we evaluated the amount of alumina found on 21 explanted CoCrMo femoral components paired with 21 CoCrMo grit blasted tibial components. We asked (1) what are the potential sources of alumina in the implant system, (2) what mechanisms may be causing the potential migration of alumina to the femoral component, and (3) is the amount of alumina contamination on the CoCrMo femoral component clinically relevant? Using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) we evaluated the surfaces of the explants. In SEM images taken at 500× magnification, we saw that an approximate area fraction of 34% ± 9% of the tibial components' surface was embedded with residual alumina from the grit blasting process. Alumina debris identified as third body wear particles were seen on the bearing surface of 17/21 (81%) of the femoral components. We found alumina on the posterior condyles of 13/21 (62%) of the implants. Finally, we saw large amounts of imparted alumina on devices where the polyethylene had worn and the tibial components were suspected to have made direct contact with the CoCrMo femoral components. Our results suggest that residual alumina from the grit blasting process may result in alumina third body wear particles being released onto the bearing surface of retrieved knee implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.b.70137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148712377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polystyrene Microplastics Trigger Liver Damage Through Impaired Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Mitochondrial Dynamics","authors":"Fatma Abdel Ghany,&nbsp;Mokhtar I. Yousef,&nbsp;Mohamed A. M. El-Tabakh,&nbsp;Maher A. Kamel,&nbsp;Abeer El Wakil","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.70143","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.b.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) are emerging environmental contaminants with increasing evidence of systemic toxicity; however, the mechanisms underlying their hepatic effects remain incompletely understood. The present study investigated the hepatotoxic effects of PS-MPs, focusing on hepatic bioaccumulation, mitochondrial homeostasis, inflammation, apoptosis, and liver functional impairment. Experimental animals were exposed to increasing concentrations of PS-MPs, after which liver tissues were subjected to GC–MS, biochemical, histopathological, and molecular analyses. GC–MS confirmed hepatic accumulation of PS-MPs predominantly in the higher exposure groups (20 and 40 μg), which were subsequently selected for mechanistic investigations. PS-MP exposure induced marked hepatic dysfunction, evidenced by elevated bilirubin, ALT, AST, and GGT levels together with significant reductions in total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations. Histopathological examination revealed progressive hepatocellular degeneration, inflammatory infiltration, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and necrotic alterations. In parallel, inflammatory and apoptotic signaling were significantly activated, as demonstrated by increased NF-κB and caspase-3 levels. Mechanistically, PS-MPs were associated with transcriptional dysregulation of genes involved in mitochondrial homeostasis, including suppression of mitochondrial biogenesis markers (PGC-1α and TFAM), downregulation of mitochondrial fusion regulators (MFN2 and OPA1), increased DRP1 expression, and reduced PINK1 expression, suggesting altered mitophagy-related signaling. Principal Component Analysis further demonstrated clear separation between control and exposed groups, strongly associating PS-MP exposure with hepatic injury, transcriptional dysregulation of mitochondrial homeostasis-related genes, inflammation, and apoptosis. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that PS-MPs induce significant hepatotoxicity, accompanied by coordinated transcriptional dysregulation of mitochondrial homeostasis-related genes and activation of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. These findings highlight the liver as a major target of microplastic toxicity and emphasize the need for further studies incorporating protein-level validation, functional mitochondrial assessments, and long-term exposure models to better understand the implications for human health.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial and Bone Ingrowth Properties of Iodine Ion-Releasing Titanium Implant With Gradient Pores: An in Vivo Study","authors":"Shintaro Honda,&nbsp;Shunsuke Fujibayashi,&nbsp;Yaichiro Okuzu,&nbsp;Seiji Yamaguchi,&nbsp;Seine A. Shintani,&nbsp;Tomiharu Matsushita,&nbsp;Hiroaki Takadama,&nbsp;Kazuki Orita,&nbsp;Koichiro Shima,&nbsp;Atsushi Tanaka,&nbsp;Takayoshi Shimizu,&nbsp;Toshiyuki Kawai,&nbsp;Bungo Otsuki,&nbsp;Kohei Nishitani,&nbsp;Shuichi Matsuda","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.70142","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.b.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Titanium implants are widely used in orthopedics and spinal surgery, but implant-associated infections remain a major clinical challenge that often necessitates implant removal. To address this issue, we evaluated whether an iodine-loaded porous titanium implant with a gradient pore design could balance antibacterial activity and bone formation. The structure transitions from large outer pores to smaller inner pores, enhancing osseointegration while providing a greater surface area for iodine ion loading. Implants were fabricated by selective laser melting and surface-modified to incorporate iodine ions. In vivo experiments using rabbit femoral condyles demonstrated that gradient implants (Ti-D) showed bone ingrowth comparable to larger pore implants at 4 weeks. Iodine-treated implants (ITi-D) exhibited sustained ion release, strong antibacterial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and no clear cytotoxicity in vitro. In vivo subcutaneous infection models confirmed significant antibacterial efficacy of ITi-D, while blood tests showed no systemic toxicity up to 90 days. Compared with uniformly porous implants, ITi-D achieved an optimal balance between antimicrobial performance and biocompatibility. This dual-functional approach addresses the longstanding tradeoff between infection control and osseointegration in porous titanium implants.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"β-TCP/Collagen Composite Scaffolds Facilitate Bone Remodeling in Vertebral Plate Fusion","authors":"Jichen Liu,&nbsp;Shaowei Xu,&nbsp;Haishan Xu,&nbsp;Wei He,&nbsp;Xuegang Liang,&nbsp;Zhen Wang","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.70140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is widely used as a bone substitute because of its biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and biodegradability; however, its brittleness and limited adaptability to irregular bone surfaces may restrict its performance in spinal fusion. This study aimed to evaluate whether a β-TCP/collagen composite scaffold could enhance osteogenesis and promote sustained bone remodeling in a sheep lumbar interlaminar fusion model. β-TCP/collagen composite scaffolds and β-TCP scaffolds were compared in vitro using MC3T3-E1 osteogenic precursor cells. Cell adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, extracellular matrix mineralization, and osteogenic differentiation were assessed by scanning electron microscopy, CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase staining, RT-qPCR, and western blotting. In vivo, β-TCP and β-TCP/collagen scaffolds were implanted into the L3–L4 and L4–L5 interlaminar spaces, respectively, in a self-controlled sheep model. Bone formation and remodeling were evaluated by X-ray, micro-CT, and Van Gieson staining at 3, 5, and 8 months after surgery. The β-TCP/collagen scaffold showed a porous collagen-containing structure that supported greater MC3T3-E1 cell spreading and pseudopod extension than β-TCP alone. Cell proliferation on the β-TCP/collagen scaffold was significantly increased from day 3, whereas apoptosis remained low in all groups, with apoptotic cells accounting for less than 5%. Alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase staining showed more pronounced extracellular matrix mineralization in the β-TCP/collagen group. RT-qPCR and western blotting further demonstrated enhanced expression of osteogenic markers in the β-TCP/collagen group compared with β-TCP alone. In the sheep lumbar interlaminar fusion model, radiological, and histological analyses showed more sustained new bone formation and more organized trabecular remodeling in the β-TCP/collagen group. The β-TCP/collagen composite scaffold enhanced osteogenic activity in vitro and promoted more sustained bone remodeling in a sheep lumbar interlaminar fusion model compared with β-TCP alone. These findings suggest that β-TCP/collagen scaffolds may provide a clinically relevant biomaterial strategy for posterior spinal fusion, although further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying scaffold-mediated vascularized bone remodeling.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vivo Response to Electrocompacted Tendon-Derived Thread Scaffolds During Tendon Repair","authors":"Joohee Choi,&nbsp;Phillip McClellan,&nbsp;Maximilian Zernic,&nbsp;Kamal Gautam,&nbsp;James M. Anderson,&nbsp;Ozan Akkus","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.70135","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.b.70135","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tendon injuries remain a major clinical challenge due to the tissue's limited regenerative capacity and poor remodeling of current allograft-based therapies. To address these limitations, we developed a tendon-derived thread (TDT) scaffold by electrocompacting decellularized tendon powder into aligned threads, which were subsequently woven into a porous overlay patch. Biochemical analyses of TDT confirmed efficient decellularization (DNA &lt; 50 ng/mg) and the preservation of collagen and proteoglycans. Compared to en bloc human tendon graft (HTG), the TDT scaffold exhibited significantly higher swelling ratios and greater weight loss over 8 weeks in vitro, indicating greater porosity and faster degradation. In a rabbit infraspinatus partial-thickness fenestration injury model, the TDT scaffold and HTG were sutured over the injury and evaluated at 2 and 8 weeks to observe tissue infiltration and in vivo response to biomaterial degradation during early phases of healing. Biomechanical testing of shoulders showed no significant differences in load relaxation, ultimate tensile strength, and stiffness among intact, HTG, and TDT scaffold groups in this injury model, suggesting comparable mechanical restoration. Histological and gross observations indicated progressive resorption of TDT scaffolds, which were infiltrated by cells at 2 weeks, and neotissue formation was evident by 8 weeks. In contrast, cell infiltration into the allograft was limited at both time points, and there was no evidence of degradation in vivo. These findings support the potential of the TDT scaffold as a degradable scaffold to support tendon healing during injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.b.70135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}