Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing Antifungal Activity of Nitric Oxide-Releasing Polymers via the Incorporation of Piperine","authors":"Joseph H. Campbell,&nbsp;Elizabeth J. Brisbois","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.70168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.70168","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As hospital-acquired infections and antibiotic and antifungal resistance increase, there is a need for constant innovation of novel antimicrobial solutions. To this end, the endogenous free-radical gas nitric oxide has been explored, as nitric oxide kills bacteria effectively at low levels without producing significant cytotoxic effects. Biomaterials can be designed to release nitric oxide by incorporating nitric oxide donor molecules such as <i>S-</i>nitrosothiols. Though nitric-oxide-releasing materials show excellent cytocompatibility and antibacterial activity, their efficacy against fungal species is limited. This work aims to combine nitric oxide release via an <i>S-</i>nitrosothiol, <i>S</i>-nitroso<i>-N</i>-acetylpenicillamine, with the release of a natural antifungal compound, piperine, from a commercially available biomedical polymer, CarboSil. In this work, a polymer platform was successfully developed that does not induce cytotoxicity while causing statistically significant reductions in the adhered and planktonic microbial loads of two bacterial strains and one fungal strain. This material is promising for preventing hospital-acquired and biomaterial-associated infections in short-term applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"114 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.b.70168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lengthening Bowel Endoscopically: Hydrogel-Enabled Endoscopic Spring-Mediated Distraction Enterogenesis","authors":"Rafael Gonzalez,&nbsp;Narelli de Paiva Narciso,&nbsp;Pamela Emengo,&nbsp;Gillian Fell,&nbsp;Helene Nepomuceno,&nbsp;Carly Celebrezze,&nbsp;Renato S. Navarro,&nbsp;Neil J. Baugh,&nbsp;Jayniana Williams,&nbsp;Anne-Laure Thomas,&nbsp;Sarah C. Heilshorn,&nbsp;James C. Y. Dunn","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.70163","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.b.70163","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We evaluated the feasibility to lengthen small bowel endoscopically utilizing a spring device constrained by an engineered, slow biodegrading, hyaluronan and elastin-like protein (HELP) hydrogel as a potential treatment for short bowel syndrome. While we previously demonstrated that the HELP hydrogel could provide device confinement and enable non-invasive device removal, here we demonstrate that the HELP hydrogel can also be designed to be catheter-injectable while still being stiff enough to achieve device confinement. Six pigs underwent endoscopic spring-mediated distraction enterogenesis (ESMDE), the lengthening of existing intestine using axial mechanical force. A compressed spring that was encapsulated in gelatin was placed into pig jejunum via enterotomy. The spring was confined on each end by endoscopic catheter-injection of HELP gel into the intestinal submucosa to cause transient luminal narrowing. The gelatin capsule rapidly biodegrades to deploy the spring, while the HELP gel slowly biodegrades to transiently constrain the device, applying tension to the bowel segment. On postoperative day 7, of the six pigs that underwent ESMDE, four had successful bowel lengthening, up to 172% of the initial length. None of the animals experienced any complications such as obstruction or perforation, and there were no mortalities. In this proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate that a hydrogel can be designed with the appropriate catheter-injection properties, stiffness, and biodegradation rate to achieve hydrogel-enabled, endoscopic spring-mediated distraction enterogenesis, making it a possible future treatment for short bowel syndrome.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"114 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149127627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infill Architecture Drives Early Osteogenesis in Additively Manufactured PCL Scaffolds With Controlled Porosity","authors":"Hisham Omar,&nbsp;Paulina Bargallo Gonzalez Lugo,&nbsp;Rachel Bonfini,&nbsp;Lekha Antala,&nbsp;Matthew Fainor,&nbsp;Sarah E. Gullbrand,&nbsp;Michael W. Hast","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.70164","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.b.70164","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Critical sized bone defects represent a significant challenge in orthopedic and reconstructive surgery. Additively manufactured (AM) bone scaffolds may be effective tools to treat these defects; however, the influence of infill architecture on early bone formation remains poorly characterized. This study used 3D-printed biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds to investigate the relationships between infill architecture, bone growth, and mechanical properties in a 4-week in vitro experiment. Scaffolds containing bovine allograft were constructed with Gyroid and Honeycomb architectures at two porosity levels (40% and 60%). It was hypothesized that Gyroid scaffolds would accelerate early bone formation compared with Honeycomb designs. Gyroid architectures generally showed greater metabolic activity at weeks 3 and 4, with significant differences varying by porosity and time point. Micro-CT analysis demonstrated significantly greater mineralized tissue volume and mineral density in Gyroid scaffolds compared with Honeycomb scaffolds at 4 weeks. Compressive mechanical testing indicated that Honeycomb structures were significantly stiffer and stronger than Gyroid scaffolds throughout the study. These results demonstrate that infill architecture significantly influences early bone formation independently of pore size and highlight a fundamental tradeoff between biological and mechanical performance in AM PCL scaffold design.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"114 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149110278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four-Month Evaluation of PVA-Coated Polypropylene Meshes After Laparoscopic Intraperitoneal Implantation in an Exploratory Porcine Abdominal-Wall Defect Model","authors":"Renjie Li,&nbsp;Dandan Wei,&nbsp;Xinyang Pan,&nbsp;Anbei Chen,&nbsp;Tao Liu,&nbsp;Fengya Jing,&nbsp;Xin Tan,&nbsp;Yuzhou Chen,&nbsp;Tianhang Su,&nbsp;Junsheng Li,&nbsp;Long Zhu,&nbsp;Zhigang Zhang,&nbsp;Tianzhu Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.70162","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.b.70162","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Postoperative intra-abdominal adhesion remains a major limitation of intraperitoneal polypropylene (PP) mesh. We evaluated three poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-coated PP meshes—PVA–PP, rapamycin-loaded liposome-decorated PVA–PP (RPM@LPS/PVA–PP), and the corresponding NaHCO₃-containing formulation [RPM@LPS(NaHCO₃)/PVA–PP]—in a four-month exploratory laparoscopic Bama miniature-pig study. Two pigs received all four formulations at anatomically separated, randomized abdominal-wall sites, yielding 12 implantation sites in total and three site-level observations per formulation. Gross adhesion, abdominal-wall tissue–mesh mechanics, histology, collagen composition, immunohistochemistry, and multiplex immunofluorescence were assessed. Unmodified PP produced dense visceral attachment at all three implantation sites (mean site-level adhesion score, 4.00), whereas the mean scores for PVA–PP, RPM@LPS/PVA–PP, and RPM@LPS(NaHCO₃)/PVA–PP were 0.50, 0.33, and 0.17, respectively. Adhesion area showed the same descriptive ordering. Mean abdominal-wall tissue–mesh lap-shear and peel strengths were also lowest with RPM@LPS(NaHCO₃)/PVA–PP (0.0091 MPa and 0.1766 N mm⁻¹, respectively) compared with PP (0.0500 MPa and 0.7823 N mm⁻¹), indicating reduced host-wall integration rather than direct mechanical confirmation of weaker visceral adhesion. Modified interfaces showed less dense fibrous tissue, lower total and Type I collagen, and a higher Type III collagen fraction. The mean Type I/Type III collagen ratio decreased from 15.38 for PP to 2.27 for RPM@LPS(NaHCO₃)/PVA–PP. Lower IL-6-, TNF-α-, α-SMA-, CD31-, CD68-, and iNOS-associated signals, together with a higher CD206-positive/CD68-positive area ratio, accompanied these changes. These exploratory two-animal findings show a descriptive association between the use of PVA-coated PP meshes and reduced chronic visceral adhesion, while identifying host-wall integration as a necessary safety consideration.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"114 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149110307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TiO₂ Nanotubes Co-Functionalized With Hydroxyapatite, Collagen, and Nisin for Bioactive Titanium Surfaces: A Preliminary In Vitro Study.","authors":"Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva, Almerinda Agrelli, Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos, Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira, Igor Coelho, Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda, Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques, Fernando Stavale, Mércia Liane de Oliveira, Giovanna Machado","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.70173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.70173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the main causes of clinical failure related to implants is the low stability of the implant in the bone, frequently associated with the formation of bacterial biofilms on the surface of the devices. In this context, modifying the titanium surface to obtain bioactive and antibacterial surfaces represents a potential strategy for further investigation in implant applications. In this preliminary in vitro study, TiO₂ nanotubes were obtained by pulsed anodization and functionalized with hydroxyapatite, type I collagen, and nisin, aiming at applications in metallic implants. The nanotubes presented a well-organized morphology, with average internal diameters of approximately 50 nm and predominantly anatase crystalline phases. Surface functionalization was confirmed by physicochemical analyses, which detected carbon and nitrogen by XPS on the collagen- and nisin-functionalized surfaces, with calcium and phosphorus found at low levels, mainly beneath the outermost surface layer, in addition to a marked increase in hydrophilicity, with a reduction in the contact angle from 84.1° ± 2.5° (Ti) to 34.7° ± 3.9° (NT.HA.Col.Nis) after functionalization. Assays with MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells showed metabolic activity above 90% relative to unmodified titanium, while collagen-containing surfaces promoted greater cell adhesion and significantly increased metabolic activity at 72 h. Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase activity, an early marker of osteoblastic differentiation, increased significantly on collagen-containing surfaces compared with unmodified titanium. The incorporation of nisin reduced Staphylococcus aureus colonization, as observed by SEM and LIVE/DEAD analyses, without inducing cytotoxic effects. These results indicate that TiO₂ nanotubes functionalized with hydroxyapatite, collagen, and nisin are a promising approach for developing implant surfaces with early osteoblastic-stimulating and antibacterial properties, warranting further validation in preclinical models.</p>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"114 10","pages":"e70173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149224207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Storage Conditions on Rheological Properties of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix-Based Injectable Hydrogels","authors":"Gopal Agarwal,&nbsp;Leina Owens,&nbsp;Khadeejah Ahmed,&nbsp;Christine E. Schmidt","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.70161","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.b.70161","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Decellularized extracellular matrix-based scaffolds have gained significant attention for tissue regeneration applications. However, there is a limited understanding of how storage conditions influence the rheological and biological properties of decellularized matrix-based injectable formulations. This study investigates the effects of different storage conditions (4°C, −80°C, and freeze-dried) on the rheological properties of a decellularized porcine peripheral nerve-derived extracellular matrix hydrogel. Our results demonstrated that, compared to storage at 4°C, formulations stored at −80°C and freeze-dried maintained comparable gelation kinetics (complete gelation within 11 min), mechanical properties (storage modulus around 300–350 Pa), and shear-thinning behavior across multiple time-points (Days 0, 3, 7, and 14 for −80°C), similar to freshly prepared formulations at Day 0. Solution stored at 4°C demonstrated a decrease in mechanical stiffness of hydrogel with time, however their gelation kinetics remained similar to Day 0. The solutions stored at −80°C and resuspended freeze-dried solutions maintained their complex viscosity, while 4°C stored solutions had relatively low complex viscosity as compared to freshly digested solutions. Overall, our findings suggest that −80°C storage and freeze-drying are suitable approaches for preserving decellularized porcine peripheral nerve-derived extracellular matrix formulations. Given the translational potential of these injectable biomaterials, understanding the influence of storage conditions on rheological performance is critical for developing appropriate storage and shipping strategies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"114 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149110255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Ultrasound-Controlled BMP-2 Release From Thermoresponsive Hydrogels in a Rat Knee Osteoarthritis Model","authors":"Yi Kung,&nbsp;Wei-Chun Chien,&nbsp;Wei-Hong Chang,&nbsp;Sen-Lu Chen,&nbsp;Ching-Mei Chen,&nbsp;Yu-Chi Wang,&nbsp;Wen-Shiang Chen,&nbsp;Chueh-Hung Wu","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.70158","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.b.70158","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to develop and validate an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel as an ultrasound-responsive depot for transiently enhanced BMP-2 release to promote functional and structural recovery in a rat model of osteoarthritis. A BMP-2-loaded mPEG-PLGA-BOX thermosensitive hydrogel was developed and characterized in vitro for its rheological properties, degradation behavior, and drug-release kinetics. The feasibility of ultrasound-triggered release was assessed using various duty cycles. Subsequently, therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in a monoiodoacetate-induced rat model of osteoarthritis. Treatment groups included untreated control (MIA), free BMP-2 (MB), passive BMP-2-hydrogel (MHB), and BMP-2-loaded hydrogel with ultrasound stimulation (MHBU). Outcomes were assessed up to day 49 using functional gait analysis (CatWalk), histopathology (H&amp;E, Toluidine Blue), and immunohistochemistry for Collagen II, Collagen X, and Sox 9. The in vitro analysis supported the selection of a non-thermal 5% ultrasound duty cycle, which produced an approximately 550-fold ultrasound-enhanced release ratio without a detectable temperature increase while limiting residual-volume loss relative to the higher-duty-cycle conditions. In vivo, the MHBU therapy was uniquely effective. It was the only intervention to significantly restore articular cartilage thickness (212.8 ± 42.0 μm vs. 124.3 ± 12.7 μm, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), achieving a level statistically indistinguishable from healthy controls. This structural repair was directly correlated with normalized dynamic gait parameters (print area, stance) and a restored tissue-level profile, characterized by enhanced Collagen II matrix, suppressed pathological Collagen X expression, and recovered chondrogenic Sox 9 expression. This study demonstrates that an ultrasound-responsive hydrogel platform successfully overcomes the limitations of both conventional growth factor delivery (rapid clearance) and passive hydrogel encapsulation (slow release). This synergistic, ultrasound-triggered system promotes significant functional and structural cartilage restoration, representing a promising translatable strategy for osteoarthritis therapy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"114 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149080948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Surface Treatment Methods on the Surface Characteristics and Biological Activity of Zirconia Implants","authors":"Yizhe Fu,&nbsp;Yuqi Li,&nbsp;Nan Li,&nbsp;Yuying Lu,&nbsp;Yun Lan,&nbsp;Guangliang Niu,&nbsp;Jianmin Han","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.70136","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.b.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Zirconia implants are promising alternatives to titanium, yet optimal surface treatment protocols that preserve their surface properties and biocompatibility are not well-established. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of various surface treatment methods—ethylene oxide (EO), hydrogen peroxide plasma (HPP), electron beam (EB), and their combinations—on the surface characteristics and biological performance of fully sintered 3Y-TZP zirconia. Fully sintered 3Y-TZP zirconia slices were treated using EO, HPP, EB, HPP + EO, or HPP + EB. Surface characteristics, including hydrophilicity, hydrocarbon contamination, and elemental composition, were assessed. The biological responses of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), covering cell proliferation, cytoskeleton development, osteogenic differentiation, and adhesion, were evaluated. While the HPP group did not show the highest hydrophilicity, it effectively prevented hydrocarbon contamination and maintained a substantial Zr concentration. Surfaces treated with HPP demonstrated significant enhancements in hBMSC and HGF proliferation, cytoskeleton development, osteogenic differentiation, and adhesion, outperforming all other groups. Hydrogen peroxide plasma (HPP) surface treatment is a feasible technique for zirconia implants, as it effectively maintains surface integrity and promotes superior biological activity compared to other methods.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"114 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149074886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stage-Adaptive Polymeric Platforms: Design of an Alginate/CMC Hydrogel Co-Loaded With Silver Nanoparticles and α-Pinene-Rich Essential Oil for Wound Regeneration","authors":"Nasrin Kakaei,&nbsp;Abbas Ahmadi,&nbsp;Veria Naseri,&nbsp;Arvin Shajeie,&nbsp;Bahram Nikkhoo,&nbsp;Maryamsadat Mirtalebiesfarjani,&nbsp;Sara Chavoshinezhad,&nbsp;Bijan Nori","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.70157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.70157","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Managing infected wounds requires a delicate balance between rapid antimicrobial activity and continued tissue repair. To meet this challenge, we developed a porous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/alginate hydrogel loaded with Silver nanoparticles and a <i>Pistacia atlantica</i> essential oil rich in <i>α-pinene</i>. The hydrogel displayed remarkable swelling (up to 6362% over 72 h) and changed the essential oil release from a rapid, volatile burst to a sustained, controlled profile (73% steady release over 96 h). In vitro tests revealed potent antibacterial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MIC = 650 μg/mL), significant antioxidant properties, and excellent cytocompatibility. Importantly, in vivo studies in mice demonstrated a stage-adaptive healing mechanism. Silver nanoparticles allowed rapid early infection control (47.4% wound closure by Day 4). Subsequently, the sustained release of the essential oil promoted robust tissue regeneration during the proliferative phase (82.6% closure by Day 7), driven by an enhanced TAC-mediated antioxidant defense, reduced MDA levels, and accelerated hydroxyproline-associated collagen synthesis. By Day 13, re-epithelialization was near-complete (93.6%), matching commercial controls. Ultimately, this synergistic integration of plant-derived bioactives and metal antimicrobials presents a highly effective, stage-specific platform for accelerated wound healing.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"114 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomaterials Combined With Physical Modulation Strategies for Spinal Cord Injury Repair: Material Design, Mechanism, and Challenges","authors":"Ziqi Wang,&nbsp;Huan Zhou,&nbsp;Hongshui Wang,&nbsp;Xianyang Chen,&nbsp;Lei Yang,&nbsp;Chunyong Liang","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.70159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.70159","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes persistent neurological deficits because primary damage initiates dynamic secondary cascades that restrict endogenous repair. Functional biomaterials can bridge lesions, provide structural and biochemical support, guide axonal growth, and remodel the inhibitory microenvironment. However, their cues are generally static or slowly evolving and cannot match the changing pathological and electrophysiological states of injured tissue. Physical modulation complements these functions by delivering electrical, magnetic, ultrasonic, optical/photothermal, or mechanical cues that regulate neural excitability, inflammation, axonal growth, remyelination, and plasticity. Nevertheless, physical modulation alone may suffer from imprecise localization, variable tissue-level dosing, and insufficient structural support. This review examines integrated biomaterial-physical modulation strategies for SCI repair, focusing on material design, mechanisms, and translational challenges. Conductive hydrogels couple lesion support with localized electrical signaling, whereas compliant electrodes improve tissue conformity and charge delivery. Piezoelectric and magnetically responsive materials convert external inputs into localized electrical or mechanical cues. Optical/photothermal systems combine localized energy conversion with on-demand release, whereas engineered matrices link structural support to mechanotransduction. Across these strategies, biomaterials act as regenerative scaffolds and active interfaces that localize, transmit, convert, and sustain physical signals. Physical inputs dynamically regulate cellular and molecular responses within this material-supported environment. This integration couples structural reconstruction and microenvironmental regulation with spatiotemporally controlled biophysical signaling, constituting the central mechanistic basis of these integrated systems. Translation requires standardized tissue-level dosing, evaluation of degradation-dependent signal stability and biocompatibility, cross-species scaling, and validation in relevant large-animal models. Stimuli-responsive materials and closed-loop systems represent important future directions. Overall, benefit depends not on simply adding stimulation to a scaffold, but on engineering coordinated material–stimulus systems. In such systems, material design controls where, when, and how physical cues are delivered during spinal cord regeneration.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"114 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}