Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials最新文献

{"title":"Immobilization of Antibacterial Chlorhexidine on Biodegradable Polycaprolactone/Estradiol Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane for Bone Regeneration","authors":"Dida Faadihilah Khrisna,&nbsp;Jaweria Ambreen,&nbsp;Tan Yu Wei,&nbsp;Nurul Aina Haziqah Riduan,&nbsp;Nurizzati Mohd Daud,&nbsp;Norhidayu Muhamad Zain,&nbsp;Faizuan Abdullah,&nbsp;Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek,&nbsp;Mokhamad Fakhrul Ulum,&nbsp;Syafiqah Saidin","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.35575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.35575","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Membrane-based scaffold for bone regeneration is vastly being explored to address issues that persist in defective bone regeneration, associated with infection and inflammation. This study focused on incorporating estradiol (E2) into biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun nanofibrous membrane, followed by the immobilization with antibacterial chlorhexidine (CHX) through the aid of a polydopamine (PDA) grafting layer. Several analyses including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), wettability, biodegradation, drug release, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity analyses were conducted to study the physicochemical and biological properties of the membranes. The nanofibers were constructed with an average diameter of 1.32–1.33 μm and a porosity of 51%–53%, which is accommodating bone regeneration. The grafting of PDA was not only able to improve the surface wettability, which in turn allowed controllable degradability and sustained the release of E2 and CHX from the nanofibrous membranes. The immobilization of CHX on the PCL/E2 nanofibers has greatly retarded Gram-negative <i>Escherichia coli</i> compared to Gram-positive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay statistically depicted the ability of the fabricated nanofibrous membranes to support cell proliferation without cytotoxic effects at the cell viability above 70%. These cumulative results indicate the potential development of CHX-immobilized PCL/E2 membrane as an alternative strategy to resolve bone regeneration issues.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"113 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Biofilm Accumulation on Conventional and CAD/CAM Orthodontic Band Alloys (In Vivo) and Subsequent Enamel Demineralization (Ex Vivo)","authors":"Amelia Horsnell,&nbsp;Mauro Farella,&nbsp;Geoffrey Tompkins,&nbsp;Wendy-Ann Jansen van Vuuren","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.35573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.35573","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biofilm accumulation can lead to enamel decalcification, gingivitis, and periodontal disease. The objective of this study was to compare the accumulation of biofilm under in vivo conditions and consequent ex vivo acid production and enamel demineralization around the material used for “off-the-shelf” conventional and CAD/CAM orthodontics bands. The study design required both in vivo and in vitro approaches. An experimental model was utilized to combine the exposure of an in vivo formed biofilm to in vitro cariogenic conditions to achieve the objective. Twenty-one consenting participants took part in this study. Participants wore custom intraoral appliances containing six bovine enamel discs (three on each maxillary arch) for 48 h. Tiles made from conventional stainless steel bands (SS tiles group), CAD/CAM tiles made of Sintron cobalt-chromium (CoCr) sinter metal (Sintron tiles group), and no tile (control group) were randomly assigned to disc positions such that each appliance contained two tiles from each group (126 tiles in total). Participants immersed the appliances in sucrose solution (10% w/v) for 5 min, five times per day. After 48 h, appliances were removed, the discs were recovered, and incubated in glucose (1%)/PBS for 24 h. The pH of the glucose/PBS measured the relative acid produced by the accumulated biofilm, and calcium released from the discs quantified demineralization. Disclosing dye was used to stain and delineate the biofilm before each disc was digitally photographed and analyzed to determine the biofilm coverage. The mean biofilm coverage ranged between 0% and 86% (mean 9.63%) of disc surface area, but there was no difference in biofilm coverage between tile groups or between tile positions. Significantly less acid was generated by the control discs biofilms (mean pH 5.06) than either SS or CAD/CAM tiles biofilms (pH 4.72 and 4.84, respectively), which were not different from one another. Position on the appliance did not affect acid production. Control discs experienced greater demineralization (mean 136 μg Ca/disc) than either the SS (122 μg Ca/disc) or Sintron (114 μg Ca/disc) tile groups, which suffered equivalent demineralization. Position on the appliances did not influence demineralization. The study provides no evidence that CAD/CAM-designed components of orthodontic bands are more beneficial than conventional bands in terms of biofilm accumulation and consequent caries risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"113 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.b.35573","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcium Sulfate Bone Substitutes in Clinical Use: History, Material Properties, Application, and Outlook for the Future","authors":"Josina Straub,&nbsp;Andreas Sewing,&nbsp;Nike Walter,&nbsp;Ronald Man Yeung Wong,&nbsp;Volker Alt,&nbsp;Christian Heiss,&nbsp;Markus Rupp","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.35555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.35555","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Calcium sulfate-based materials have been used in medicine since the 19th century. Their application makes a significant part in the field of bone regeneration in biomedical engineering. Calcium sulfate is a versatile product that is used not only in the reconstruction of bone defects but also as an antibiotic carrier. Various types of calcium sulfate-based bone grafts have demonstrated their safety, well-tolerance, biodegradability, and osteoconductive properties, making them a potential substitute for autogenous bone transplant in the treatment of bone defects. Calcium sulfate and different-sized calcium sulfate beads can be produced and loaded with different antimicrobial substances. High concentrations of antimicrobial agents can be obtained by applying these locally to affected tissue. This review aims to (1) highlight the development and milestones already achieved in the use of calcium sulfate products and (2) outline the material properties and application areas with their related advantages and disadvantages of calcium sulfate products. Lastly, (3) an outlook for the future of calcium sulfate-based biomaterials is given.</p>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"113 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.b.35555","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Effect of Implant Surface Physicochemical Modifications and Macrogeometry on the Early Stages of Osseointegration: An In Vivo Preclinical Study","authors":"Ernesto B. Benalcázar-Jalkh,&nbsp;Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak,&nbsp;Blaire V. Slavin,&nbsp;Isis Fatima Balderrama,&nbsp;Estevam A. Bonfante,&nbsp;Paulo G. Coelho,&nbsp;Lukasz Witek","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.35569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.35569","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This preclinical, in vivo study aimed to histologically and histomorphometrically evaluate the effect of implant design features on bone healing during the early stages of osseointegration. Three different implant macrogeometries and surface treatments were evaluated: (1) trapezoidal threads with decompressing vertical chambers and blasted acid-etched surface (Maestro/Blasted+AE); (2) large thread pitch implant with deep and wide threads, with TiUnite surface (RS/TiUnite); and (3) progressive buttress threads with SLActive surface (BL/SLActive). Implant surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, profilometry, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Implants were placed in the iliac bone of 12 female sheep (~65 kg and 2 years old). Following healing times of 3- and 6- weeks, samples were harvested and subjected to qualitative and quantitative histological/histomorphometric evaluations. Percentages of bone-to-implant contact (%BIC) along the implant's perimeter and bone area fraction occupancy (%BAFO) within implant threads were measured, and results were analyzed using a linear mixed model analysis. All implants, irrespective of differences in macrogeometry and surface treatment, at both healing times demonstrated successful osseointegration. Evaluations of %BIC yielded no statistically significant differences among groups at 3 and 6 weeks (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.052). While no significant differences were detected among groups for %BAFO at 3 weeks (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.249), Maestro/Blasted+AE yielded significantly higher degrees of bone formation within implant threads relative to RS/TiUnite (<i>p</i> = 0.043) and BL/SLActive group (<i>p</i> = 0.032) at the 6-week time point. Qualitative histological analyses depicted different osseointegration features for the different implants. While Maestro/Blasted+AE portrayed evidence of an intramembranous-like osseointegration pathway in the healing chambers and interfacial remodeling at thread tips, BL/SLActive and RS/TiUnite groups predominantly presented an interfacial bone remodeling healing pathway. Implant design features influenced the osseointegration pathway, where implants with decompressing vertical chambers enhanced bone formation between implant threads.</p>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"113 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.b.35569","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling Bone and Dental Regeneration Potential of Quince Seed Mucilage-Nanohydroxyapatite Scaffolds in Rabbit Mandibles","authors":"Cigdem Cetin Genc,&nbsp;Hilal Deniz Yılmaz-Dagdeviren,&nbsp;Yesim Deniz,&nbsp;Burak Derkus,&nbsp;Alpin Degirmenci,&nbsp;Yavuz Emre Arslan","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.35570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.35570","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Donor-side morbidity of autografting for maxillofacial region defect regeneration has directed attention to bioengineered scaffolds. Composite scaffolds that mimic the bone extracellular matrix (ECM) are the potential candidates for defect reconstruction. Herein, a plant-based regenerative hydrogel, quince seed mucilage (QSM), was enriched with the nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) particles to construct composite scaffolds (QSM/nHAp). The emerging scaffold is able to induce cellular spheroid formation and regenerate the critical-sized bilateral mandibular defects in rabbits. The macroscopic observations, histochemical (HC) and immunohistochemical (IHC) stainings, μ-computer tomography (CT) scanning, quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging revealed that all QSM/nHAp scaffolds were swelled with host blood, filled the whole cavity, and sustained cellular infiltration without adverse reactions. The gradual biodegradation profile of the scaffolds improved bone regeneration by releasing nHAp particles from the scaffold. Strikingly, co-development of dental and bone regeneration was observed for all QSM/nHAp groups beginning after day 21. Moreover, QSM/nHAp scaffolds induced expression (&gt; 2-fold) of bone and dental-related gene and protein expressions at the grafted area and sustained a proper platform for maxillofacial remodeling. Therefore, we strongly believe that such biocompatible plant-based constructs, compared with conventional medical devices used in maxillofacial surgery, could support and induce simultaneous bone and dental regeneration due to the intrinsic dynamics of the material.</p>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"113 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.b.35570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunology in Osseointegration After Implantation","authors":"Yuyang Liu,&nbsp;Min Gao,&nbsp;Yikun Yan,&nbsp;Xue Wang,&nbsp;Zhihong Dong,&nbsp;Lijia Cheng,&nbsp;Yaji Xu","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.35566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.35566","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bone tissue is renowned for its regenerative capabilities, yet handling extensive defects and complex fractures presents considerable medical challenges. Osteoimmunology, studying the complex mechanism of the mutual influence within the range of immunity and skeletal systems, has highlighted the indispensable function of immune reactions in the process of bone integration. This procedure, primarily immune-driven, fosters new bone formation around implants instead of relying solely on osteogenic mechanisms. Traditionally, implant research has emphasized bone bonding and osteoinduction, often overlooking the significant influence of immune interactions. Implants pose risks including donor site morbidity, decreased bioactivity, and pathogen transmission risks. To mitigate these, implant surfaces are modified through altering local factors such as electrical fields and applying physical treatments to change roughness, hydrophilicity, and nanotopography. These modifications aim to regulate immune reactions at the surface of the bone implant, improving osseointegration and the repair of bone. This review examines the types of immune cells in osseointegration, especially the pivotal function that macrophages serve in the regeneration of bone tissue, and investigates key implant features—morphology, wettability, cytokine interaction, and metal ion and bioactive molecule adsorption—that impact immune responses. These insights underscore the immune system's importance in bone repair and advance osteoimmunology as essential for developing strategies to control bone immune responses, enhancing implant integration and bone regeneration.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"113 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acid-Resistant Glass Ionomer Cements: An Assessment of Their Mechanical Properties, Fluoride Ion Release and Protection to Surrounding Tooth Surfaces From Acid Challenges","authors":"Kai Chun Li,&nbsp;Joash Castillo,&nbsp;Manikandan Ekambaram,&nbsp;Ludwig Jansen van Vuuren,&nbsp;Abdullah Barazanchi,&nbsp;May Lei Mei","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.35572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.35572","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;New acid-resistant glass ionomer cements (GIC) claim to be able to withstand acidic conditions while also protecting surrounding tooth structures and preserving function. Currently, there are only a few studies that assessed mechanical properties, ion release, and changes that occur around an acid-resistant GIC–dentine bonded interface under acidic conditions. This study aims to investigate the mechanical properties and fluoride release of GIC and the dentine hardness changes of the tooth that occur near the GIC–dentine bonded interface under in vitro conditions simulating carious and erosive challenges. A total of 96 beam-shaped specimens (2 mm × 2 mm × 25 mm) were prepared from two types of GIC and placed in neutral pH, carious, and erosive conditions for a total of 3 days over 2 time points to determine the flexural strength change and fluoride release. Twenty-four bovine teeth specimens with a 3 mm × 2 mm diameter cavity restored by two GICs (Fuji BULK (acid-resistant GIC)), Fuji IX Extra (conventional GIC) were subjected to carious (pH 4.4) and erosive (pH 2.3) conditions for 8 and 10 days, respectively. Hardness tests of the dentin surrounding the restorative material were conducted on the surface and cross-sectional interface. Data was tested for significant differences (α = 0.05) utilizing three-way analysis of variance with a Bonferroni post hoc test for multiple comparisons. No significant differences were observed in all comparisons of flexural strength between acid-resistant (~32 MPa) and conventional GICs (~26 MPa). Significant differences were observed in the fluoride release (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) between different acidic environments for the same material, between different time points for the same material, and between different materials for day 1 in all conditions. The largest difference in fluoride release between conventional and acid-resistant GIC occurred on day 1 in the control groups, where the fluoride release was 63.1 and 28.2 ppm, respectively. This difference dropped substantially by day 3, where the ppm for conventional and acid-resistant GIC measured 11.9 and 3.9 ppm, respectively. Under carious and erosive conditions, both conventional and acid-resistant GIC showed higher fluoride releases, with erosive conditions showing sustained high fluoride releases of 60.1 and 55.2 ppm, respectively. Overall percent mass for the erosive condition from day 1 to day 3 decreased by 55.5% and 47.1% for conventional and acid-resistant GIC, respectively. A significant difference in dentine hardness (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) was observed under erosive treatment between conventional and acid-resistant GIC at both the surface (0.27 GPa vs. 0.36 GPa) and cross-sectional (0.24 GPa vs. 0.32 GPa) sites, respectively. A significant difference in hardness (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) was observed for acid-resistant and conventional GIC between all conditions, except between carious and erosive for the acid-resistant GIC. In conclusion, acid-resistant","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"113 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.b.35572","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Newly Developed Calcium-Enriched Hemostatic Sponge Enhanced Wound Healing and Regeneration","authors":"Ika Dewi Ana,&nbsp;Gumilang Almas Pratama Satria,&nbsp;Rahmi Anggraeni,&nbsp;Any Lestari,&nbsp;Roesita Dwi Aprilia,&nbsp;Rudi Wigianto,&nbsp;Sri Yuliana,&nbsp;Yasuhiko Tabata","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.35568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.35568","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study focuses on the development, characterization, and validation of a carbonate apatite (CHA)-enriched hemostatic sponge and the evaluation of its ability to enhance wound healing and regeneration through the controlled release of calcium ions (Ca²⁺). CHA, a bioactive material resembling the natural apatite in human bone, was synthesized within gelatin matrices to form a composite sponge. The synthesis incorporated β-type carbonate ion substitutions in the CHA structure, enabling dynamic dissolution and the gradual release of Ca²⁺ ions at the site of injury. This targeted release was shown to accelerate wound healing and tissue regeneration without causing irritation. The presence of calcium ions in the CHA composite was identified as a critical factor in supporting hemostatic processes, emphasizing their importance in wound care. The CHA-enriched hemostatic sponge demonstrated superior healing outcomes, positioning it as a promising next-generation biomedical device for hemostatic purposes and wound regeneration applications. Moreover, the CHA structure offers potential for surface modifications to introduce additional functionalities, such as inherent antimicrobial properties, further enhancing its biological performance and expanding its applications in advanced wound care.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"113 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical Properties and Biocompatibility of Injectable Hydroxyapatite Cement and Its Application in Compressive Tibial Plateau Fractures","authors":"Xiaoli Zhou,&nbsp;Xiang Sun,&nbsp;Guangdong Chen,&nbsp;Yang Chen,&nbsp;Zepei Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiyong Qian,&nbsp;Qiang Zeng,&nbsp;Jun Miao","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.35565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.35565","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Injectable carbonated hydroxyapatite (ICHA) cement was developed by adding 2% Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) to carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) cement, improving its rheological properties and injectability for minimally invasive orthopedic use. The cement's physical and chemical properties, including curing time, strength, porosity, and consistency, were tested in vitro. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the cured cement. Bone marrow stromal cells were cultured with ICHA cement extracts and specimens to test cell growth (MTT assay) and cytotoxicity. In vivo, the cement was implanted into rabbit muscles to assess inflammation and capsule formation, along with other biocompatibility tests, including hemolysis and pyrogen testing. ICHA cement sets without heat generation, with a 9-min initial setting time and a 15-min final setting time, similar to CHA cement. The strength reaches 20 MPa after 1 day and peaks at 35 MPa after 7 days. Its porosity is slightly higher than CHA cement, and it resists dilution well, preventing disintegration in water. The consistency of ICHA cement is lower than CHA cement at different time points (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), showing a logarithmic change pattern. With adjustable setting time, good resistance to dilution, and compressive strength similar to cancellous bone, ICHA cement is well suited for clinical use. Its composition closely resembles natural bone, offering strong fixation and stability for tibial plateau healing, which supports early movement and reduces the risk of joint stiffness and post-traumatic arthritis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"113 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Tricalcium Phosphate Foam and Paste Bone Grafting Materials Designed for Improved Surgical Handling on Osteogenesis in a Sheep Scapula Model","authors":"Norbert Neckel,&nbsp;Jonas Wüster,&nbsp;Li Xiang-Tischhauser,&nbsp;Schugufa Mir,&nbsp;Doaa Adel-Khattab,&nbsp;Benedikt Stang,&nbsp;Andrea Kuhr,&nbsp;Dirk Barnewitz,&nbsp;Antje Genzel,&nbsp;Steffen Koerdt,&nbsp;Carsten Rendenbach,&nbsp;Max Heiland,&nbsp;Susanne Nahles,&nbsp;Michael Stiller,&nbsp;Christine Knabe","doi":"10.1002/jbm.b.35561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.35561","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reconstruction of critical-size bone defects (CSDs) with complex defect morphologies remains clinically challenging. The desire to avoid autograft harvesting has prompted an increasing quest for adequate synthetic bone grafting materials. The clinical success rates, which have been achieved with bioactive β-tricalcium phosphate granules (TCP-G) demonstrate that these materials have become an excellent alternative graft choice. In order to improve surgical handling properties, TCP-G have been combined with natural polymers for creating paste- and foam-like materials, which can easily be molded into any desired shape when grafting a given bony defect or deploying them with a syringe. This study assessed the effect of a TCP paste (TCP-P) and a TCP-foam (TCP-F) bone grafting material as compared to TCP-G on bone formation and osteogenic marker expression after 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months of implantation in CSD in the sheep scapula and tested the hypothesis that the addition of natural polymers would not diminish the osteogenic properties of TCP-P and TCP-F. The bone and bone graft material area fractions were determined histomorphometrically in order to quantify bone formation and bone graft material resorption. Immunohistochemical analysis of collagen type I, osteocalcin, and bone sialoprotein expression in the various cell and matrix components of the bone tissue was performed on resin-embedded sections for characterizing the osteogenic and bioactive properties of the test materials. By 6 months, all three TCP materials facilitated excellent defect regeneration with further bone remodeling at 12 and 18 months. TCP-F and TCP-P induced greater osteocalcin expression and exhibited more advanced graft material resorption at 1 and 6 months, respectively. At 18 months, all three grafting materials were almost fully resorbed with the original bony architecture being restored. Taken together, the hyaluronic acid and methylcellulose components in TCP-P and porcine collagen components in TCP-F did not diminish the osteogenic capacity of TCP-P and TCP-F, which exhibited an even slightly higher resorbability and enhancement effect on OC expression by osteoblasts.</p>","PeriodicalId":15269,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials","volume":"113 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.b.35561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}