Journal of Biological Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing in vitro osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells via sustained dexamethasone delivery in 3D-Printed hybrid scaffolds based on polycaprolactone-nanohydroxyapatite/alginate-gelatin for bone regeneration.","authors":"Parastoo Noory, Ahmad Reza Farmani, Jafar Ai, Naghmeh Bahrami, Mohammad Bayat, Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough, Ali Farzin, Shima Shojaie, Hamed Hajmoradi, Abdolreza Mohamadnia, Arash Goodarzi","doi":"10.1186/s13036-025-00514-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13036-025-00514-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the natural ability of bone repair, its limitations have led to advanced organic-inorganic-based biomimetic scaffolds and sustained drug release approaches. Particularly, dexamethasone (DEX), a widely used synthetic glucocorticoid, has been shown to increase the expression of bone-related genes during the osteogenesis process. This study aims to develop a hybrid 3D-printed scaffold for controlled delivery of dexamethasone. Hence, hybrid scaffolds were fabricated using a layer-by-layer 3D-printing of combined materials comprising polycaprolactone (PCL)-nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) composite, and DEX-loaded PCL microparticles embedded in the alginate-gelatin hydrogel. Encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and in vitro kinetics of DEX release were evaluated. Osteogenic differentiation of human endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (hEnMSCs) on DEX-loaded hybrid scaffolds was assessed by evaluating osteogenic gene expression levels (collagen I, osteonectin, RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and scaffold mineralization. The hybrid scaffolds exhibited favorable morphology, mechanical-properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, enhancing osteogenesis of hEnMSCs. DEX-loaded PCL microparticles within hybrid scaffolds exhibited a controlled release pattern and promoted osteogenic differentiation during the sustained release period through a significant increase in osteonectin and COL1A1 expression. Also, increased mineralization was demonstrated by SEM and alizarin red staining. This study proposes that drug-loaded 3D-printed hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposite scaffolds are promising for advanced bone tissue engineering applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12093820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-responsive synthetic gene circuit for dynamic biologic drug delivery via inflammatory and circadian signaling pathways.","authors":"Amanda Cimino, Fiona Pat, Omolabake Oyebamiji, Christine T N Pham, Erik D Herzog, Farshid Guilak","doi":"10.1186/s13036-025-00519-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13036-025-00519-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Engineered cells provide versatile tools for precise, tunable drug delivery, especially when synthetic stimulus-responsive gene circuits are incorporated. In many complex disease conditions, endogenous pathologic signals such as inflammation can vary dynamically over different time scales. For example, in autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or juvenile idiopathic arthritis, local (joint) and systemic inflammatory signals fluctuate daily, peaking in the early morning, but can also persist over long periods of time, triggering flare-ups that can last weeks to months. However, treatment with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs is typically provided at continuous high doses, regardless of disease activity and without consideration for levels of inflammatory signals. In previous studies, we have developed cell-based drug delivery systems that can automatically address the different scales of flares using either chronogenetic circuits (i.e., clock gene-responsive elements) that can be tuned for optimal drug delivery to dampen circadian variations in inflammatory levels or inflammation-responsive circuits (i.e., NF-κB-sensitive elements) that can respond to sustained arthritis flares on demand with proportional synthesis of drug. The goal of this study was to develop a novel dual-responsive synthetic gene circuit that responds to both circadian and inflammatory inputs using OR-gate logic for both daily timed therapeutic output and enhanced therapeutic output during chronic inflammatory conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We developed a synthetic gene circuit driven by tandem inflammatory NF-κB and circadian E'-box response elements. When engineered into induced pluripotent stem cells that were chondrogenically differentiated, the gene circuit demonstrated basal-level circadian output with enhanced stimulus-responsive output during an inflammatory challenge shown by bioluminescence monitoring. Similarly, this system exhibited enhanced therapeutic levels of biologic drug interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) during an inflammatory challenge in differentiated cartilage pellets. This dual-responsive therapeutic gene circuit mitigated both the inflammatory response as measured by bioluminescence reporter output and tissue-level degradation during conditions mimicking an arthritic flare.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The dual-responsive synthetic gene circuit developed herein responds to input cues from two key homeostatic transcriptional networks, enabling dynamic and tunable output. This proof-of-concept approach has the potential to match drug delivery to disease activity for optimal outcomes that addresses the complex environment of inflammatory arthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12090394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144101914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Core-shell nanofiber dressings with zinc oxide nanoparticles and cell-free fat extract: boosting fibroblast activity and antibacterial efficacy.","authors":"Aydin Mahmoudnezhad, Mahsa Bayrami, Mahdiyeh Saadati, Yavuz Nuri Ertaş, Mozhgan Abasi, Aylar Ebrahimi, Younes Pilehvar","doi":"10.1186/s13036-025-00511-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13036-025-00511-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study presents the development and characterization of innovative core-shell nanofiber wound dressings incorporating zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) and cell-free fat extract (CEFFE) to enhance fibroblast activity and antibacterial efficacy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CEFFE was prepared and analyzed, revealing high concentrations of essential growth factors, particularly bFGF and TGF-β1, supporting its therapeutic potential in tissue regeneration. The fabricated nanofibers (PLCL, nZnO/PLCL, PLCL-CEFFE/HA, and nZnO/PLCL-CEFFE/HA) were examined using FE-SEM and TEM, demonstrating successful encapsulation and morphological variations due to nZnO incorporation. XRD analysis confirmed the structural integrity and effective loading of nZnO and CEFFE. Hydrophilicity assessment via water contact angle measurements showed that CEFFE/HA significantly enhanced the hydrophilicity of PLCL membranes, crucial for wound exudate management. Mechanical tests indicated that CEFFE/HA addition maintained the scaffold's mechanical robustness, while nZnO slightly reduced mechanical properties. In vitro release studies revealed a biphasic release pattern of Zn²⁺ ions and growth factors from nZnO/PLCL-CEFFE/HA nanofibers, ensuring prolonged antibacterial activity and sustained therapeutic effects. Antibacterial assays demonstrated significant efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus, attributed to nZnO. MTT assays and FE-SEM analysis confirmed enhanced NIH-3T3 cell proliferation and adhesion on PLCL-CEFFE/HA nanofibers due to the controlled release of growth factors. The scratch assay showed superior cell migration and wound healing potential for PLCL-CEFFE/HA formulations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings underscore the potential of nZnO/PLCL-CEFFE/HA core-shell nanofibers as multifunctional wound dressings, combining antibacterial properties with enhanced tissue regeneration capabilities. However, further studies are needed to assess long-term stability and in vivo performance, which represent key challenges for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":15053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12090510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144101913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a prodrug bispecific antibody masked by a functional molecule for lymphocyte activation for cancer therapy.","authors":"Daimei Miura, Yuki Kato, Masahiro Yasunaga, Izumi Kumagai, Ryutaro Asano","doi":"10.1186/s13036-025-00517-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13036-025-00517-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although T cells engaging bispecific antibodies (T-bsAbs) have shown great benefits, their use in treating solid tumors is challenging because of the minimal infiltration of T-cells. We fused an agonistic single-chain variable fragment (scFv) that induces a T cell co-stimulatory signal to the T cell-binding domain of T-bsAb via a linker containing a cancer-specific protease recognition site. With this antibody format, unexpected cytotoxicity to the surrounding normal tissue would be reduced and tumor-specific T cell activation would occur. The scFv-masked T-bsAb was cleaved by collagenase with intrinsic cancer-specific protease activity, releasing agonistic scFv without unwanted fragmentation and restoring the binding ability of the scFv-masked bsAbs to T cells. Compared to the original bsAb, a detectable enhancement of the T cell proliferation and cancer cytotoxicity was observed after the incubation with collagenase or protease-secretory cancer cells, which was suggested to be due to the modest co-stimulation by the released agonistic scFv. Our results provide important insights into an ideal T-bsAb prodrug format, precisely engineered to reduce side effects and exert high cancer cytotoxicity for solid tumor precision medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":15053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From microbial proteins to cultivated meat for alternative meat-like products: a review on sustainable fermentation approaches.","authors":"Fernando Roberto Paz Cedeno, Olumide Joseph Olubiyo, Sungil Ferreira","doi":"10.1186/s13036-025-00509-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13036-025-00509-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global demand for protein is rapidly increasing due to population growth and changing dietary preferences, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives to traditional animal-based proteins. This review explores cultivated meat and microbial alternative proteins, focusing on their potential to meet nutritional needs while mitigating environmental impacts. It also examines the production of cultivated meat as well as various sources of microbial proteins, including mycoproteins, bacterial proteins, and microalgae, highlighting their nutritional profiles, production methods, and commercial applications. This includes an evaluation of the state of commercialization of mycoproteins and the innovative use of agricultural and industrial by-products as substrates for microbial fermentation. The integration of microbial protein production with the bioenergy sector is evaluated as a relevant alternative to attain a synergetic effect between energy and food production systems. Ultimately, this work aims to underscore the importance of microbial proteins in advancing towards a more sustainable protein production system, offering insights into current challenges and future opportunities in the field of fermentation to produce alternative proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":15053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12077041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144077901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of antifoam agents on Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cell growth and baculovirus infection dynamics.","authors":"Kristina Worch, Merlin Krause, Antje Burse","doi":"10.1186/s13036-025-00516-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13036-025-00516-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The baculovirus expression system is widely used for recombinant protein production. However, its scalability under shaking or stirring cultivation conditions remains a challenge due to foam formation which can negatively affect cell metabolism and viability, complicate process control, and ultimately lower productivity. Compared to other protein expression platforms, the effect of antifoam agents on insect cell culture has been rarely investigated. This study examines the influence of three antifoam agents-Antifoam 204 (AF204), polypropylene glycol (PPG), and a silicone-based compound (SAG471)-on Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf) 9 cell growth, viability, baculovirus infectivity, and infection dynamics. Dose-response experiments in adherent culture showed that high antifoam concentrations inhibited metabolic activity. In suspension culture, low concentrations of AF204 and PPG enhanced cell growth by reducing lag phase and population doubling time, while growth with SAG471 remained comparable to a no-antifoam control. In virus titer experiments, no effects on the plaque-forming ability of baculovirus particles could be observed. However, infection dynamics monitored in suspension cultures improved in the presence of all three antifoam agents, as shown by cell size increase, living cell stagnation, and enhanced single-cell fluorescence. Foam reduction experiments demonstrated that only SAG471 contributed to foam removal within a non-toxic concentration range. The results indicate that antifoam agents, depending on their concentration and composition, can enhance Sf9 cell growth and viability while potentially modulating cell membrane properties that could improve viral infection efficiency and transfection efficiency of exogenous material. This highlights the potential of antifoam agents for optimizing other virus-based expression systems in higher eukaryotic cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":15053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenolic-loaded nanofiber from Arctium lappa root: a potential therapy for testosterone-induced ovarian oxidative stress.","authors":"Viana Khojasteh, Seyed Amirmohammad Mollanorouzi, Ehsan Karimi, Behrouz Ghorani, Ehsan Oskoueian","doi":"10.1186/s13036-025-00515-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13036-025-00515-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age, often associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. This study explores the therapeutic potential of Arctium lappa phenolic-rich fraction encapsulated nanofiber (ALPRF-NF) in a testosterone-induced PCOS mouse model. All experiments were performed in triplicate and Duncan's Multiple Range Test was used to assess significant differences between means, with significance determined at p < 0.05. The ALPRF-NF formulation demonstrated favorable physicochemical properties, including a ribbon-like structure (216.9 nm), a zeta potential of -19.3 mV, and a high encapsulation efficiency (93.1%). In vivo findings showed that ALPRF-NF significantly improved body weight, feed intake, and liver enzyme profiles in PCOS-induced mice (p ≤ 0.05). It also enhanced the antioxidant defense system by elevating levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Mechanistically, ALPRF-NF reduced oxidative stress and inflammation by delivering phenolic compounds that scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulate gene expression in ovarian tissue. This included downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and upregulation of SOD expression. These results suggest that ALPRF-NF effectively mitigates testosterone-induced ovarian oxidative damage and inflammation, offering a targeted, nanotechnology-based therapeutic approach for PCOS. The study provides valuable insights into novel strategies for improving women's reproductive health through bioactive compound delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":15053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-throughput strategies for monoclonal antibody screening: advances and challenges.","authors":"Xiao-Dong Wang, Bao-Ying Ma, Shi-Ying Lai, Xiang-Jing Cai, Yan-Guang Cong, Jun-Fa Xu, Peng-Fei Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s13036-025-00513-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13036-025-00513-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibodies characterized by high affinity and specificity, developed through high-throughput screening and rapid preparation, are crucial to contemporary biomedical industry. Traditional antibody preparation via the hybridoma strategy faces challenges like low efficiency, long manufacturing cycles, batch variability and labor intensity. Advances in molecular biology and gene editing technologies offer revolutionary improvements in antibody production. New high-throughput technologies like antibody library display, single B cell antibody technologies, and single-cell sequencing have significantly cut costs and boosted the efficiency of antibody development. These innovations accelerate commercial applications of antibodies, meeting the biopharmaceutical industry's evolving demands. This review explores recent advancements in high-throughput development of antibody, highlighting their potential advantages over traditional methods and their promising future.</p>","PeriodicalId":15053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered supercooling systems for enhanced long-term preservation of large-volume red blood cells in commercial blood bags.","authors":"Qi Liu, Shichun Wang, Jie Yan, Ronghua Diao, Haishui Huang, Feng Xu, Chunyan Yao","doi":"10.1186/s13036-025-00510-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13036-025-00510-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reducing cell metabolism by lowering the storage temperature is an important method to improve the quality of stored RBCs and prolong the stored shelf life of RBCs. Traditional cryopreservation suffers from limitations such as tedious cytotoxic cryoprotectants (CPA) loading, unloading and ice-induced damage. Storage around 2-6 °C is an alternative method but only works for a short period due to significant storage lesions at this high storage temperature. We developed an improved supercooling preservation system for large-volume (100 ml) RBC suspensions in commercial polyvinylchloride (PVC) blood bags by minimizing favorable sites of ice nucleation and maintaining precise thermal control at -8 °C. This engineered protocol significantly reduces hemolysis, metabolic degradation, and oxidative stress while preserving RBC membrane integrity and functionality for up to 63 days. In vivo transfusion studies in New Zealand white rabbits demonstrate that supercooling-preserved RBCs achieve higher post-transfusion recovery rates, outperforming conventional storage methods. Our scalable and cost-effective supercooling system address critical needs for improving the quality of stored RBCs by achieving ice-free preservation, which representing a significant breakthrough in transfusion medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":15053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12054195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerium-doped calcium carbonate microparticles combined with low-intensity ultrasound for efficient sonodynamic therapy in body sculpting.","authors":"Jhih-Ni Lin, Chih-Ying Chi, Yu-Ying Lin, Che-Yung Kuan, Chia-Tien Chang, Li-Ze Lin, I-Hsuan Yang, Feng-Huei Lin","doi":"10.1186/s13036-025-00505-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13036-025-00505-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excessive caloric intake and reduced energy expenditure contribute to obesity and localized fat accumulation, adversely affecting overall health. Despite advancements in obesity treatments, noninvasive approaches for targeted fat reduction remain limited. This study introduces a novel sonosensitizer microparticle, cerium-doped calcium carbonate (CaCO₃:Ce), and evaluates its potential application in combination with low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) for noninvasive body sculpting. CaCO₃:Ce was synthesized via an environmentally friendly method, producing uniform 1.77 μm particles optimized for endocytosis. Energy-dispersive X-ray and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed successful cerium doping. The particles demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and generated reactive oxygen species under LIUS exposure. Safety was validated through biochemical, hematological, and histological analyses in Sprague-Dawley rats. Animal experiments further revealed that CaCO₃:Ce combined with ultrasound significantly reduced body weight growth rates, waistline measurements, and subcutaneous fat accumulation. These findings suggest that CaCO₃:Ce, coupled with LIUS, offers a promising, noninvasive, and low-risk strategy for body sculpting, addressing limitations of current methodologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12036128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}