Journal of Applied Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Florfenicol sustained-release formulation does not promote resistance emergence in non-target bacteria: hollow-fibre infection studies with pig pathogens and commensals.","authors":"Andrew Mead, Stefano Azzariti, Abigail Hughes, Pierre-Louis Toutain, Ludovic Pelligand","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf200","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study assessed the pharmacodynamic (PD) efficacy and resistance selection risk of a novel sustained-release (SR) florfenicol formulation versus a conventional two-dose regimen for treating swine respiratory pathogens, with particular attention to potential impacts on non-target bacteria.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Using a hollow-fibre infection model, simulated plasma pharmacokinetics for SR (30 mg kg-1, single dose) and conventional (2 × 15 mg kg-1, 48 h apart) formulations were emulated. Bactericidal efficacy was quantified against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, and G. parasuis, while Escherichia coli was included to assess resistance emergence. Both formulations achieved rapid bacterial eradication in target pathogens with no regrowth. PD indices (fAUC/MIC, %fT > MIC) demonstrated comparable or superior exposures for the SR formulation. Median %fT within the mutant selection window (%fTMSW) was low across treatments: 2.9%-3.5% for A. pleuropneumoniae, 12.7%-15.7% for P. multocida, and 0% for E. coli. No resistant E. coli mutants emerged, one transient less-susceptible subpopulation (<0.0001%) with a 2-fold MIC increase (still below ECOFF) was transiently observed, and florfenicol concentrations remained below MIC and mutant prevention concentration thresholds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The SR formulation of florfenicol showed equivalent efficacy to conventional dosing against key swine respiratory pathogens and posed minimal risk for selecting resistance in non-target E. coli. This supports the SR formulation as an effective single-dose alternative in veterinary practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and metabolomics of silage-derived lactic acid bacteria-based consortia.","authors":"Cheng Zong, Longxin Wang, Jie Zhao, Zhihao Dong, Junfeng Li, Xianjun Yuan, Chengti Xu, Tao Shao","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf178","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The objective of this study was to construct and analyze the metabolomics of silage-derived lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-based consortia.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>The LAB strains were isolated from various silages, and LAB-based consortia with different types of biodiversity were constructed by a bottom-up approach. Two hundred and ninety-two LAB strains were isolated, nine of which were selected as representative strains. Subsequently, five LAB consortia with diverse biodiversity levels (ranging from 4 to 8 species) were constructed. This construction was based on two key factors: the absence of antagonism among strains and their acidification capabilities, which were characterized by pH values (3.60-3.71), lactate (23.6-26.4 g l-1), and acetate (6.68-9.04 g l-1). Further fermentation experiments demonstrated that the five LAB consortia exhibited superior performance compared to alfalfa fermented green juice. Untargeted metabolomics was employed to analyze the differentially abundant metabolites and metabolic pathways of LAB consortia. Notably, 6 amino acids and 5 B-group vitamins varied among five LAB consortia, and key metabolic pathways were related to amino acids and vitamins for the LAB consortia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Five LAB consortia with high acidification ability were constructed. The primary metabolic differences observed among the LAB consortia were the levels of 6 amino acids and 5 B-group vitamins.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultivation of marine chitinolytic bacteria reveals the sponge-associated Motilimonas isolate Spo1_1 as an efficient degrader of insoluble chitin.","authors":"Etienne Dechamps, Arthur Salengros, Laurence Meunier, Séverine Chevalier, Johan Danguy, Sophie-Luise Heidig, Jean-François Flot, Tina Keller-Costa, Rodrigo Costa, Isabelle F George","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf187","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Culture-independent studies in the literature suggest that marine habitats hold diversified chitin-degrading microbial communities. This study was conducted to isolate novel chitinolytic bacteria from two bacteria-rich marine biotopes, namely sponges and sediments, and compare the efficiency with which those strains degrade different forms of chitin.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Bacterial colonies were isolated from chitinolytic consortia derived from the microbiota of the marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis of and its surrounding sediment collected at Audresselles beach, France. Many isolates (49%) produced a halo of chitin degradation on colloidal chitin agar plates, including isolates belonging to two genera (Motilimonas, Pseudophaeobacter) yet unknown as chitin degraders. However, 83% of the positive isolates degraded poorly insoluble chitin powder in liquid cultures. Nine isolates were further tested for colloidal chitin degradation in liquid cultures and exhibited contrasting results. One isolate, Motilimonas Spo1_1, exhibited the strongest chitinolytic activity in liquid culture containing insoluble chitin powder (i.e. 37% of degradation). The analysis of its genome and that of other Motilimonas spp. revealed an arsenal of genes for chitin degradation. Genomic analyses suggest that Spo1_1 is a new species within the genus Motilimonas, we propose the name Motilimonas chitinivorans.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Motilimonas Spo1_1 largely outperformed all 70 other strains in terms of its insoluble chitin degradation capabilities, including strains belonging to the well-known chitinolytic genera Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas. Those results encourage further studies on the potential of Motilimonas spp. to eliminate chitinous waste. More generally, they confirm that marine habitats are a reservoir of chitinolytic microbes yet to be discovered.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from rehydrated corn grain silage enhance the chemical and microbiological characteristics and aerobic stability of these silages.","authors":"Yasmim A Silva, Marcus V S B Cardoso, Beatriz F Carvalho, Rosane F Schwan, Carla L S Ávila","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf185","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and select lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from rehydrated corn grain silages (RCGSs) and evaluated the effects of these strains as inoculants for improving silage chemical composition, microbiological quality, and aerobic stability.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>One hundred and forty LAB were isolated from RCGSs, characterized, and subjected to growth and pH reduction tests in corn grain extract. Thirty-nine strains were evaluated for metabolite production, starch degradation, and inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus. Selected strains (21) included Pediococcus acidilactici (PA), P. pentosaceus (PP), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP), and Limosilactobacillus fermentum (LF). After 60 days of storage, strains 180 (PA) and 190 (PP) showed the greatest pH reduction (3.69) and lactic acid production (4.72%) but lower aerobic stability (AS) (27 h). The AS was highest in silages inoculated with strains 185 (PP) and 126 (PA) (92.3 h). Inoculation with strains 221 (PP) and 116 (LF) (1.95%) had the lowest dry matter (DM) losses (1.95%), while strains 77, 79 (PA); 190, 110, and 52 (PP) minimized starch losses (8.22%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RCGS epiphytic strains can improve silage fermentation profiles, each strain contributing specific benefits based on its metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide mining reveals the genetic plasticity of antibiotic resistance/virulence factor genes in Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis.","authors":"Shengjin Cui, Wenting Ma, Huidi Peng, Yunyun Ye, Yunming Qing, Guanyun Wei, Jie Wang, Xian Zhang","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf196","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aims to systematically characterize the genetic basis and intra-species differentiation of antibiotic resistance/virulence factor genes (ARGs/VFGs) in Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>A high-quality metagenome-assembled genome of E. hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis bin99 (97.22% completeness, 1.63% contamination) was acquired. Phylogenomic and average nucleotide identity (≥95%) analyses confirmed its taxonomic assignment. Pan-genomic analysis revealed an open configuration (Heap's exponent B = 0.34) with a large accessory genome (approximate 2965 genes) and a stabilized core genome (1139 genes). Critically, a strong positive correlation (r = 0.86, P < 2.2e-16) was observed between mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and accessory gene abundance, probably suggesting horizontal gene transfer (HGT) as a potential driver of genome diversity. Functional annotation highlighted distinct roles: core genes enriched in essential metabolism, while accessory/strain-specific genes were linked to adaptation. Screening identified significant inter-strain variation in ARGs (n = 31) and VFGs (n = 35). Bin99 itself harbored 19 ARGs (e.g. multidrug: soxS, ramA, oqxB) and 40 VFGs (e.g. flagella, T6SS). Importantly, MGE abundance showed a significant positive correlation with ARGs (r = 0.67, P < 2.2e-16) but a negative correlation with VFGs (r = -0.29, P < 3.7e-9), suggesting that ARGs were frequently linked to MGEs facilitating HGT-mediated spread, while VFGs might rely less on this route.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings provide genome-wide evidence for distinct genetic plasticity underlying ARG and VFG evolution in E. hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis, highlighting implications for resistance and virulence dissemination.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative genomics reveals the genetic diversity and plasticity of Clostridium tertium.","authors":"Yunming Qing, Zhengchang Liao, Di An, Ying Zeng, Qin Zhu, Xian Zhang","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf201","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Clostridium tertium, increasingly recognized as the emerging human pathogen frequently isolated from environmental and clinical specimens, remains genetically underexplored despite its clinical relevance. This study aims to explore the genetic characteristics of C. tertium by genomic analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>This study presented a comprehensive genomic investigation of 45 C. tertium strains from the GenBank database. Genome sizes (3.27-4.55 Mbp) and coding gene counts varied markedly across strains. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and core genome uncovered distinct intra-species lineages, including evolutionarily divergent clusters likely shaped by niche specialization. Pan-genomic analysis confirmed an open genome, with accessory and strain-specific genes enriched in functions related to environmental adaptation and regulation. Functional annotation further identified diverse virulence factor genes (e.g. clpP, nagK) and antibiotic resistance genes [e.g. vatB, tetA(P)] co-occurring with mobile genetic elements (MGEs), suggesting that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) may be a key driver of genome plasticity in C. tertium. Notably, one-third of the strains carried CRISPR-Cas systems, indicating the defense potential against exogenous genetic elements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Clostridium tertium exhibited extensive genetic diversity and genome plasticity, probably driven by MGE-mediated HGT, defense mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas systems, and functional adaptation related to virulence and resistance. These traits may underlie its ability to colonize diverse environments and acquire pathogenicity and resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large-scale analysis of polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases in Pseudomonas: highly diverse enzymes with potential for a novel class and dissemination by horizontal gene transfer.","authors":"Amelia Cox-Fermandois, Camilo Berríos-Pastén, Carlos Serrano, Patricio Arros, Ignacio Poblete-Castro, Andrés Marcoleta","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf179","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the diversity, phylogenetic distribution, and structural features of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthases (PhaCs), key enzymes for producing bioplastics, in different well-known and poorly-studied species of Pseudomonas. As Antarctic Pseudomonas spp. with unique PhaCs and PHA synthesis capabilities have been reported, we aimed to explore the PhaC dotation and classes in strains from this and other environments and the dissemination potential of the phaC genes.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We compared 859 genomes from 186 Pseudomonas species, including 33 from Antarctica. PhaC gene identification, multiple alignments, phylogenetic inference, and 3D structure prediction were applied to compare and classify the PhaCs. Most isolates encoded two class-II PhaCs, some showing additional class II and class I enzymes, especially from Antarctica, outstanding Pseudomonas frigusceleri MPC6 harboring five PhaCs, one from a potential novel class. Different PhaC subclasses were proposed based on this diversity. Despite substantive sequence variation, all the PhaCs showed a highly conserved 3D structure. Also, several phaC genes were inside putative genomic islands, phages, and plasmids, supporting their acquisition by multiple horizontal transfer routes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To our knowledge, this is the first report investigating the PhaCs present across the Pseudomonas genus, unveiling a remarkable diversity of these enzymes and their common dissemination in mobile elements, likely contributing to the host cell fitness. Our findings underline the potential of Pseudomonas species from Antarctica and other environments and their PhaCs for producing PHAs with varying monomer compositions and properties. Future research is essential to elucidate the enzymatic properties of this underexplored PhaC diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolism of prebiotic oligosaccharides by lactic acid bacteria isolated from rabbits: insights into strain-specific utilization and applications.","authors":"Guizhen Gong, Angmu Duojie, Yurong He, Jianxia Yang, Xinrui Zhang, Yang Chen, Yuanting Zhu","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf182","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the in vitro utilization of functional oligosaccharides by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from rabbits, characterize their metabolic kinetics and genomic determinants, and evaluate their in vitro probiotic traits when grown on oligosaccharides.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>A total of 92 LAB strains from weaned rabbits were screened for utilization of isomaltose- (IMO), galactose- (GOS), chitosan- (COS), and mannose-oligosaccharides (MOS). Strain- and substrate-specific utilization patterns were observed: 63% utilized IMO, 68.5% GOS, 16.3% MOS, and none metabolized COS. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei YT170-selected for its broad substrate range-showed distinct growth kinetics and pH dynamics on IMO, GOS, and MOS. Genomic analysis revealed specialized carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) for each oligosaccharide. After 72 h fermentation by YT170, cell-free supernatants from three oligosaccharides exhibited enhanced antioxidant activities (DPPH scavenging >88%) and substrate-dependent antimicrobial effects: MOS fermentation most effectively inhibited Escherichia coli (ZOI: 21.30 ± 0.66 mm vs. LGG 19.33 ± 0.29 mm), while GOS fermentation showed maximal activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ZOI: 25.17 ± 0.95 mm).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Oligosaccharide utilization by LAB from rabbits is strain- and substrate-specific, and L. paracasei YT170 demonstrates metabolic versatility, enabling synbiotic design with IMO, GOS, or MOS to modulate gut microbiota in weaned rabbits, but further in vivo studies are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: The bacterial quality and safety of cold smoked salmon during production and subsequent chilled storage.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxaf198","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"136 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy assessment of the new MWHI blue light technology against relevant healthcare-associated microbial pathogens.","authors":"Sara Ramos, Elisabete Ricardo, Pedro O Corda, Acacio Gonçalves Rodrigues, Luis Cobrado","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf195","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The importance of the hospital environment as a source of nosocomial pathogens and, therefore, potentially lethal healthcare-associated infections, has motivated the search for improved high-efficacy no-touch disinfection technologies. Multi-Wavelength High-Intensity (MWHI) blue light is an innovative environmental disinfection system that has already been used for cleanrooms, laboratories, and healthcare facilities.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The main objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of distinct MWHI blue light exposure cycles against a wide range of healthcare-associated pathogens, grown on different hospital surface and equipment materials.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>MWHI disinfection technology was used against ESKAPE pathogens and three distinct Candida species inoculated on five different surface materials frequently used in healthcare settings: formica, linoleum, inox, PVC and napa leather. Four exposure cycles were tested. Colony forming units (CFUs) counts were determined before light exposure (T0) and at each timepoint using contact plates. This technology resulted in a significant reduction of relevant healthcare-associated pathogens grown on multiple surfaces. Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited a mean 100% growth reduction after 120 minutes of exposure and Staphylococcus epidermidis a mean growth reduction of 91% after 60 minutes of exposure, highest among gram-positive bacteria (across all materials).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MWHI blue light technology effectively reduced survival of common healthcare-associated pathogens across various surface materials. Considering its safety profile for continuous use, this technology promotes environmental decontamination and, when combined with manual cleaning, significantly reduces microbial burden in healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}