Journal of Applied Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Production of inhibitory extrolites is a shared trait among non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus.","authors":"Geromy G Moore, Matthew D Lebar, Rebecca R Sweany, Jessica M Lohmar, Carol H Carter-Wientjes","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxaf084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Assess the potential for A. flavus biocontrol isolates from different geographic regions to secrete metabolites with inhibitory properties against mycotoxigenic isolates.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Using four Aspergillus isolates from Arizona, Georgia, and Mississippi, mycotoxin producing isolates from each region were grown on media previously colonized by a biocontrol isolate to assess the inhibition potential of biocontrol-produced extrolites. Significant changes in growth and/or mycotoxin production were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Production of inhibitory extrolites is a trait shared by biocontrol isolates. Mycotoxin reduction was not directly proportional to growth for most isolates, since extrolites secreted by the examined biocontrol isolates were able to greatly reduce mycotoxin production even if growth was minimally inhibited. Only the Georgia isolates exhibited a linear relationship between reduced growth and mycotoxin reductions, indicating their mycotoxin reductions were primarily due to reduced growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of rifampicin mutants and ERIC-PCR to track plant colonisation and in planta efficacy of bacterial biocontrol agents against Neonectria ditissima.","authors":"Jing Liu, Hayley J Ridgway, E Eirian Jones","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxaf086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Endophytic colonisation of apple shoots by bacterial endophytes with in vitro antagonism against Neonectria ditissima was evaluated. Their biocontrol activity against N. ditissima was assessed.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Spontaneous mutants resistant to 125 ppm rifampicin produced from three Pseudomonas sp. and three Bacillus sp. strains were used to assess endophytic colonisation of detached 'Royal Gala' apple shoots. Re-isolation on rifampicin amended agar followed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR verified endophytic colonisation by three Pseudomonas sp. rifampicin mutants up to 4-5 cm above and below the inoculation point. Colonisation ability was not found for the three Bacillus rifampicin mutants. Recovery frequency and total length of detached shoots colonised by N. ditissima was not reduced. In attached shoots, length of shoot tissue colonised by Pseudomonas mutant strains did not differ between treatments at either assessment time. Pseudomonas sp. 1RIF inoculated 14 days before N. ditissima reduced length of shoot colonised by N. ditissima. The other treatments did not reduce length of shoot colonised by N. ditissima indicating no in planta biocontrol activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combination of spontaneous rifampicin resistant bacterial mutants and ERIC-PCR reliably tracked bacteria in planta. Lack of in planta biocontrol activity was not due to absence of endophytic colonisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of five real-time PCR assays for the detection of Candidozyma auris in clinical specimens.","authors":"R H T Nijhuis, T Rispens, P C R Godschalk","doi":"10.1093/mmy/myaf031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myaf031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Candidozyma auris is notorious for its association with invasive infections and hospital outbreaks. Trying to prevent introduction in the hospital, settings are implementing screening procedures including the best diagnostic procedure. In the Netherlands, nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) is recommended for this purpose. In this study, we performed a head-to-head comparison of five different real-time PCR assays for the detection of C. auris. The evaluated assays include the CandidaGenius (Pathonostics), C. auris Detection Kit (Revvity), AurisID (Olm), AltoStar C. auris 1.5 (Altona), and EMC assay (LDT). Analytical evaluation was conducted by assessing selectivity, analytical specificity, reproducibility, and limit of detection (LoD). Subsequently, a clinical evaluation was performed by testing 45 (spiked) clinical specimens. Additionally, all available specimens from a C. auris-colonized patient were tested. The analytical evaluation demonstrated excellent selectivity and specificity for all assays, high reproducibility for most assays, and an excellent LoD for all assays except the Revvity assay. The clinical validation showed excellent sensitivity (100%), high specificity (≥97.8%), and a LoD ranging from 0.3 to 1.8 CFU/PCR for all assays. Fourteen specimens from the colonized patient were tested, of which six, five, and three specimens tested positive using the AltoStar C. auris 1.5, EMC assay, and CandidaGenius, respectively. The results of this evaluation showed that AurisID, AltoStar C. auris 1.5, and the EMC assay performed equally well. All three assays are PCR reagent-only assays that can be easily implemented as screening PCRs to detect C. auris in clinical specimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of biochar immobilization Bacillus subtilis on the heavy metal accumulation, rhizosphere microorganisms and metabolism in rice.","authors":"Wei Hu, Renyan Duan, Qian Dai, Hui Yang, Yu Zhang, Fumin Meng, Yuxiang Lin","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxaf083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The mining of heavy metals leads to environmental pollution in the soil of surrounding farmland. A method for reducing heavy metal concentrations in crops grown on heavy metal enriched soils is utilizing functional microorganisms and biochar. The 9311 rice variety was used as a model plant to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of biochar immobilized functional microbial materials on reducing the accumulation of heavy metals (Sb, Cr, Pb, and Cd) in plants.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Three remediation materials including Bacillus subtilis (BS), coconut shell biochar (bc), and biochar immobilized B. subtilis (MIX) were evaluated for their effects of heavy metal accumulation, rhizosphere microbial diversity, and metabolism in rice. All three treatments (BS, bc, and MIX) significantly increased the yield of rice plants and reduced the accumulation of heavy metals in rice. The MIX group reduced heavy metal enrichment the most in all three test treatments while also increasing crop yield. The 16S rRNA analysis revealed that the MIX treatment significantly altered the abundance of some non-dominant bacteria (e.g. Spirochaeta, RB41, S0134, and Bryobacter). The LC-MS analysis showed that compared to the control group, the BS, bc, and MIX treatment groups had 35, 94, and 74 differential metabolites respectively, mainly including esters, amino acids and their derivatives, ketones, and terpenoids. The MIX group had a significant effect on the metabolic pathways involved in purine metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in rice. The overall effect of the MIX treatment was superior to that of applying BS and bc separately.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The application of BS, bc, and MIX treatments in Sb-contaminated farmland can increase rice yield and reduce the absorption of heavy metals. The overall effect of the MIX treatment is superior to applying each separately (BS and bc). These three treatments had no significant effect on the rhizosphere biodiversity or the dominant bacterial structure of the rice rhizosphere but had an impact on non-dominant bacteria and root metabolism in rice roots.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lytic activity, stability, biofilm disruption capabilities and genomic characterisation of two bacteriophages active against respiratory MRSA.","authors":"Joshua J Iszatt, Alexander N Larcombe, Luke W Garratt, Stephen M Stick, Anthony Kicic","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxaf081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to characterise bacteriophages for potential therapeutic use against Staphylococcus aureus, focusing on clinical respiratory isolates of methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains. Specifically, it sought to evaluate phage lytic activity, host range, stability, biofilm disruption capabilities, and overall safety for therapeutic use.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Novel phages, Koomba kaat 1 and Biyabeda mokiny 1, were identified and characterised using microbiological assays and bioinformatics. They exhibited lytic activity against clinical MSSA and MRSA isolates, disrupted biofilms from airway isolates, remained stable for at least one year in storage, and could be aerosolized without significant reductions in activity. Bioinformatic tools were used to assess safety, lifecycle, virulence, and prophage contamination when grown using their original isolation host. Receptor binding proteins within their genomes were also predicted, providing insight into their mechanisms of action. Both phages demonstrated strong efficacy against the clinical isolates tested and demonstrated robust stability under storage and delivery conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Koomba kaat 1 and Biyabeda mokiny 1 are promising candidates for phage therapy. Their efficacy against clinical S. aureus isolates, ability to break down biofilm, and stability for airway implementation, positions them as valuable tools for addressing persistent airway infections caused by S. aureus.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The response of nasal epithelial cells exposed to novel Lactobacillus and alpha-haemolytic Streptococcus isolated from the upper respiratory tract of children.","authors":"Tejasri Yarlagadda, Alison Carey, Emily Bryan, Flavia Huygens, Prasad Yarlagadda, Diane Maresco-Pennisi, Andrea Coleman, Anders Cervin, Kirsten Spann","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf071","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the response of primary nasal epithelial cells (NECs) to novel alpha haemolytic Streptococcus and lactobacilli strains, isolated from the upper respiratory tract of children.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Submerged cultures of NECs from healthy adult donors were exposed to either novel strains; Lactobacillus rhamnosus D3189, D3160, Streptococcus salivarius D3837; or commercially available probiotic strains L. rhamnosus LB21, S. salivarius K12; or a pathogenic strain (S. pneumoniae 49619). Cytotoxicity (measured through lactate dehydrogenase release) and cytokine release were quantified 24 hours post-exposure. Exposure to novel and commercially available strains did not induce the production of IFN-β, IFN-λ1/3, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, or TNF-α production or the release of LDH. Conversely, the pathogenic strain S. pneumoniae 49 619 significantly elevated the expression of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, and LDH in NECs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings within this study highlight the non-pathogenic nature of these novel strains and support further investigation of the potential to develop nasally administered probiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weakened fungus-assisted remediation of Cd(II) after addition of fibrous palygorskite.","authors":"Feiyu Han, Sijia Wu, Yuxin He, Xuefei Li, Meiyue Xu, Mengjun Xian, Haoyang Weng, Yu'an Li, Jiani Chen, Zhen Li","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf068","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (Rho) has a strong ability to absorb heavy metals. In this study, the influences of fibrous palygorskite (Pal) on fungus-assisted remediation of Cd2+ was investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Three sets of treatments were performed, i.e. Cd@Rho, Cd@Pal, and Cd@Rho + Pal. R. mucilaginosa removed Cd2+ via its extracellular polymeric substances and intracellular accumulation. The high sorption helped the fungus to resist the Cd2+ stress up to 200 mg l-1. In addition, the removal rate reached 17% at 50 mg l-1 level. In contrast, the sorption of Cd2+ by palygorskite was significantly lower (0.3%) than that of R. mucilaginosa. In the treatments of Cd@Rho + Pal, the removal rate declined from 24% to 5% when Cd2+ level increased from 50 to 100 mg l-1. This was attributed to the fact that palygorskite particles adhered to the cell surface, occupying adsorption sites for Cd2+. Although the Cd density on each cell declined, the cells showed limited relief due to the relatively high toxicity of Cd2+. Meanwhile, the P removal content also declined after addition of palygorskite. Moreover, the content of tryptophan and carotenoids, which can substantially resist heavy metal stress, were not significantly increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Therefore, the addition of fibrous palygorskite had an overall negative influence on fungus-assisted Cd remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of a logging road in a Costa Rican forest changes the composition and stability of soil microbial decomposer communities, and the conversion of organic carbon into biomass.","authors":"William D Eaton, Katie M McGee, Ava Glahn, Alexander Lemenze, Patricia Soteropoulos","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf075","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The effects of a tropical forest logging road on soil C and N, and the compositions of Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and wood rot/lignin-degrading fungal (WRT/LD) decomposer communities were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Soils from a healthy Costa Rican old growth forest before Hurricane Otto and from an adjacent, recently formed logging road built after Hurricane Otto were collected over 4 years and assessed for C and N metrics, and characteristics of the three decomposer communities determined by Illumina amplicon sequencing methods. The Logging Road negatively impacted the soil total organic C, respiration, biomass C, qCO2, and total N, while the Actinobacterial and Acidobacterial communities changed from stable compositions of copiotrophic taxa in the rich forest soil to stable compositions of oligotrophic taxa in the poor logging road soil, and the WRT/LD community changed from stable compositions of copiotrophic taxa in the forest soils to an unstable community of oligotrophic taxa with almost no overlap in genera between logging road soils.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The logging road negatively influenced 3 decomposer communities and associated C and N metrics, with the two bacterial communities taxonomically stabilizing, but the fungal community taxonomically diverging into an unstable composition over time. Monitoring efforts are on-going to provide local forest land managers with potential indicators of soil ecosystem damage and recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed-applied micronutrient toxicity to rhizobia and impaired legume nodulation.","authors":"Thang V Lai, Maarten H Ryder, Judith R Rathjen, Ian T Riley, Matthew D Denton","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf067","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Micronutrients are sometimes mixed with rhizobial inoculants in liquid solutions to promote the growth and development of legume crops. The compatibility of rhizobia with micronutrients is poorly documented. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of some frequently used micronutrients on rhizobial inoculant survival, nodulation, and nutrition of chickpea and field pea.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Four Australian commercial rhizobia (CC1192, SARDI969, WSM1455, and WU425) were assessed in vitro for their compatibility with plant micronutrients as used in a liquid mixture (4% MnSO4, 2% ZnSO4, 0.2% CuSO4, and 0.04% Na2MoO4). The impact of this mixture on nodulation and plant nutrition was tested on chickpea and field pea under glasshouse conditions. The micronutrient mixture was toxic to all tested rhizobia. While MnSO4 and Na2MoO4 were not inhibitory to rhizobia, individual CuSO4 (>20 µmol l-1 or 0.0005%) and ZnSO4 (>250 µmol l-1 or 0.007%) were lethal to rhizobia. Rhizobial survival was relatively low in a combination of 20 µmol l-1 CuSO4 and 250 µmol l-1 ZnSO4 due to their interactive effect. When rhizobial peat inoculants were suspended in the micronutrient mix, only 35% of rhizobia were recovered at sowing time (1 h after preparation), resulting in poor nodulation of both legumes. Separation of rhizobia (inoculants on seeds) from the micronutrient mixture (applied in-furrow) reduced the risk of inadequate nodulation, while meeting plant nutritional requirements and symbiosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of introduced biocontrol microbes on root and flower surface microbiomes of strawberry grown in coir substrate in a polythene tunnel.","authors":"Xiangming Xu, Greg Deakin, Georgina Fagg, Tom Passey","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf074","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxaf074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Biocontrol of plant diseases is a key component of sustainable agriculture. Augmented introduction of biocontrol microbes may affect the resident phytobiome, potentially leading to unintended consequences. We studied the effects of three biocontrol microbes (Gliocladium catenulatum, Trichoderma asperellum, and Bacillus subtilis) on communities of living microbes on table-top strawberries grown in coir bags in a polythene tunnel.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Gliocladium catenulatum and T. asperellum were applied to roots via drenching soon after planting, and G. catenulatum and B. subtilis were sprayed onto flowers. To profile communities of living microbes, we treated samples with PMAxx™ before DNA extraction. Flower and root epiphytes were profiled by amplicon and shot-gun sequencing, respectively. Applying the three microbes led to significant increases in their relative abundance on both flowers and roots. The two introduced fungal taxa (G. catenulatum and T. asperellum) appeared to affect mainly fungal microbiome components, whereas the introduced bacterial taxon (B. subtilis) mainly affected bacterial microbiome components. The effects of introduced biocontrol microbes on the resident microbiome were more profound and long-lasting on roots than on flowers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Introduced microbes can persist better on roots than on flowers. Although the applied microbes led to significant changes in the overall microbial composition, their effects on individual taxa groups were limited. Introduced microbes appeared to have only largely affected microbial communities in the same kingdom.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143719282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}