Journal of Applied Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Changes in the broiler litter bacterial microbiome during production on UK farms.","authors":"Maeve Ann Palmer, Martin J Garland, Hugo Hanna, Anne Richmond, Niamh Elizabeth O'Connell","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxag253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxag253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The management and characteristics of broiler chicken litter are important for bird health and production. The bacterial community within the litter is an area of increasing interest. This work aimed to develop a profile of the bacterial microbiota in broiler litter throughout production on UK commercial farms.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Litter samples were taken from broiler houses on six UK farms during two consecutive production cycles. Sampling points were in the Early (day 5-10), Mid (day 25-30) and Late (post-thin, day 32-42) parts of the cycle. Three of the farms used wood shavings litter, two used straw crumb and one used cut straw. Bacterial community composition was determined using 16 s rRNA amplicon sequencing (v3-v4). Functional potential was predicted from this using PICRUSt2. The bacterial community composition (and predicted functional potential) was most variable at the Early sampling point and changed between the Early and Mid points. The relative abundance of seven of the ten most abundant bacterial genera also changed between the Early and Mid points, but not between the Mid and Late points.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results of this applied study demonstrate changes in the community composition and predicted metabolic potential of the bacterial microbiome in broiler litter during the production cycle on UK commercial farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient synergistic accomplishment of methyl orange decolorization and Cr(VI) adsorption by Staphylococcus succinus H3.","authors":"Caiyun Yang, Hong Luo, Lijuan Gao, Meijing Wang, Zhenyu Li, Minmin Qiang, Yiqing Yao","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxag251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxag251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Dye‑Cr(VI) co‑pollution poses serious environmental hazards; endophytic bacteria are promising bioremediators while their dual pollutant removal traits remain insufficiently explored. This work evaluated Staphylococcus succinus H3 for synchronous MO decolorization and Cr(VI) removal, as well as its detoxification performance.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Experiments included co-contaminant treatment, MO-only metabolomics, phytotoxicity assay, and Cr(VI) removal mechanism characterization of S. succinus H3. In co-contaminated systems, S. succinus H3 achieved 45% MO decolorization via azoreductase-mediated reductive cleavage of azo bonds, producing sulfanilic acid and N, N-dimethylaniline. Under MO stress, adaptive responses including oxidative stress, fatty acid oxidation and biofilm formation were observed. Cr(VI) biosorption (60%) mainly relied on cell surface interactions with proteins, polysaccharides and lipids. MO metabolites significantly reduced phytotoxicity (p < 0.05), promoting seed germination, root elongation and biomass accumulation in wheat and rapeseed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Staphylococcus succinus H3 exhibits strong potential for bioremediation of complex industrial wastewater with azo dyes and heavy metals.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure-activity relationship and membrane-targeting mechanisms of shikimate-related metabolites against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.","authors":"Ana Rita Pereira, Ana C Afonso, Pedro Silva, Anabela Borges, Jean-Christophe Cintrat, Manuel Simões","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxag252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxag252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has intensified the search for novel antimicrobials. In this context, shikimic acid is a versatile scaffold widely used as a precursor to bioactive compounds and drugs. This study screened the antimicrobial activity and underlying mechanism of 18 shikimate-related metabolites against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>The antimicrobial activity of the metabolites was initially evaluated by determining their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and α-methylhydrocinnamic acid exhibited the lowest MIC values and were selected for further evaluation of bacterial inactivation kinetics and effects on bacterial cell surface and membrane integrity. α-Methylhydrocinnamic acid showed rapid antibacterial effects with maximum reductions of 3.2 and 3.9 log CFU.mL-1 for E. coli and S. epidermidis, respectively. Caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid were less effective, particularly against E. coli, where antimicrobial activity plateaued over time. In E. coli, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid increased surface hydrophilicity by 15% and 46%, respectively, whereas in S. epidermidis, p-coumaric acid and α-methylhydrocinnamic acid reduced hydrophilicity by 55% and 67%. Zeta potential measurements showed less negative surface charges in E. coli following treatment with p-coumaric acid and α-methylhydrocinnamic acid, whereas in S. epidermidis, α-methylhydrocinnamic acid increased surface charge. Additionally, α-methylhydrocinnamic acid caused pronounced membrane disruption, with bacterial cells with damaged membranes reaching 70% in E. coli and 90% in S. epidermidis, alongside a 54% increase in K⁺ leakage for E. coli.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the potential of cinnamic acid derivatives, particularly α-methylhydrocinnamic acid, may have potential for further investigation as antibacterial compounds or as adjuncts to conventional antimicrobial strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on Phenylalanine Metabolism in Enhancing the ε-Polylysine-Mediated Killing Effect of Oxytetracycline-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila.","authors":"Huan Lin, Danfeng Zhang, Qiuqiang Zhu, Yuetao Chen, Yuanqing Hu, Qiaoling Chen, Junxian Zheng, Qingsong Ye","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxag250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxag250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Aeromonas hydrophila is a zoonotic pathogen, and its prevalence of drug resistance underscores the urgency of elucidating alternative bactericidal strategies. This study employed the oxytetracycline-resistant strain OTC-A01 to investigate the bactericidal mechanism of ε-polylysine (ε-PL).</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>With increasing ε-PL concentration, the survival rate of OTC-A01 decreased to 0.101% at an ε-PL concentration of 100 μg mL-1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and membrane integrity assays confirmed that ε-PL disrupted the bacterial membrane. This damage triggered the leakage of nucleic acids and proteins, increased relative conductivity and membrane permeability, elevated extracellular alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, and decreased respiratory chain dehydrogenase activity. Non-targeted metabolomics identified 142 differentially expressed metabolites, with S-plot analysis revealing 74 downregulated and 68 upregulated metabolites. KEGG enrichment indicated phenylalanine metabolism as the most affected pathway, validated by RT-qPCR showing suppressed key enzyme genes (DAADH, CAT, HPPD, and AST). Notably, supplementation with downregulated exogenous metabolites significantly enhanced the bactericidal effect of ε-PL, among which 2-phenylacetamide exerted the most pronounced enhancement (up to 436-fold). Correspondingly, the intracellular concentration of ε-PL reached 50.26 μg mg-1 protein under this condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results demonstrated that ε-PL exerted its bactericidal effect against strain OTC-A01 mainly through disrupting cell envelope integrity, accompanied by significant downregulation of the phenylalanine metabolism pathway. Notably, supplementation with downregulated metabolites from this pathway, particularly 2-phenylacetamide, significantly enhanced the bactericidal effect of ε-PL, suggesting that metabolic modulation may serve as an adjunctive strategy to potentiate the membrane-directed antibacterial action of ε-PL.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Arachis pintoi associated with effective native rhizobial strains in the Central Highlands of Vietnam?","authors":"My Thi Tra Nguyen, Duy Quang Nguyen, Didier Lesueur, Hoc Huu Nguyen, Linh Dieu Ngo, Anh Dam Mai Nguyen, Long Van Nguyen, Aydin Enez, Lambert Brau, Laetitia Herrmann","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxag245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxag245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Intensive agricultural practices have led to severe soil degradation in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Integrating legumes as cover crops is a promising strategy to restore soil fertility via biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Arachis pintoi has been increasingly promoted in Vietnam for adoption as a cover crop but the diversity and efficiency of its native rhizobial partners remain poorly documented. This study assessed the diversity of indigenous rhizobial strains nodulating A. pintoi in the Central Highlands of Vietnam and evaluated their symbiotic efficiency and ability to support plant growth under greenhouse conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Nodule occupancy was analyzed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and 16rDNA sequencing was performed for representative strains of each group. Seven distinct profiles were found, all identified as Bradyrhizobium spp. While the diversity of rhizobia was relatively similar across both provinces, nodule occupancy varied markedly between locations. Strains from IGS 04 group dominated in Dak Lak (66.3%), whereas IGS 01 was the most prevalent group in Gia Lai (78.3%). A greenhouse trial was conducted to assess the performance of the different rhizobial groups. Inoculation significantly improved plant growth and nitrogen levels compared to uninoculated treatment. Plants inoculated with IGS 03 and IGS 06 groups exhibited the highest performance, exceeding that of the positive control. Conversely, IGS 01 and IGS 07 strains demonstrated the poorest symbiotic efficiency.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results highlight the critical need to select high-efficiency native strains for bioinoculants to maximize BNF potential and support the long-term sustainability of perennial agroecosystems in Vietnam.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data curation and cross-instrument variability influence GC-MS-based metabolite profiling of endophytic fungi associated with Moringa oleifera.","authors":"Markwo Ali, Bekri Melka Abdo, Salar Hafez-Ghoran, Dorcas Osei-Safo, Robert Kingsford-Adaboh, Atia-Tul Wahab, Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxag249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxag249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study presents an exploratory assessment of volatile and semi-volatile metabolites produced by endophytic fungi associated with Moringa oleifera using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), emphasising metabolite occurrence and analytical consistency.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Twelve endophytic fungal isolates were recovered from leaf and twig tissues and putatively identified by morphology and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. Each isolate was cultivated as a single, unreplicated 1 L shake-flask culture in Sabouraud dextrose broth (28°C, 120 rpm, 12-20 days), and the cell-free broth extracted with an equal volume of n-hexane. Initial spectral matching generated a broad set of compound annotations. Curation removed analytical artefacts, contaminants (including siloxanes and phthalates), and low-confidence identifications, leaving a small set of biologically plausible, tentatively identified metabolites, among them furfuryl alcohol, kojic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, and undecylenic acid. Cross-instrument comparison on two GC-MS platforms revealed substantial variability when instrument-specific libraries were used; commercial library matching returned twelve tentatively identified metabolites in one extract and six in the other on the second platform, and none on the first. No compound was recovered on both platforms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Metabolite annotation proved highly sensitive to instrument configuration and to the choice of spectral library: the same extracts yielded entirely non-overlapping compound lists on two platforms from the same manufacturer using the same detector type and ionisation energy. These findings highlight the importance of stringent data curation, cautious spectral interpretation, and analytical standardisation in GC-MS-based metabolomics. All assignments are tentative, based on library matching without co-injection of authentic standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxon-specific oral mycobiome differences and bacterial-fungal associations in kidney transplant recipients and donors.","authors":"Erbey Cihan, Paul M Campbell, Yuhan Wu, Ruth G Ledder, Angela M Summers, Titus Augustine, Christopher G Knight, Andrew J McBain","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxag247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxag247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study characterised the pre-transplant salivary mycobiome of kidney transplant recipients and living donors and investigated cross-kingdom associations with the bacteriome.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Mycobiome profiling was performed using ITS sequencing of donor and recipient samples, while paired bacteriome data were obtained from our previous study. No significant differences in fungal or bacterial alpha diversity or beta diversity were detected between recipients and donors, indicating an absence of broad community-level separation. Malassezia and Candida were the dominant fungal genera in both groups. Differential abundance analyses using ANCOM-BC2 and DESeq2 consistently identified lower Malassezia abundance in recipients, alongside predominantly lower abundance of several bacterial taxa. Cross-kingdom network analysis showed low Jaccard similarity in highly central taxa between donors and recipients, despite no significant differences in global network properties. This pattern persisted across most sample-size-matched subsamples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that oral microbiome differences between kidney transplant recipients and donors are more apparent in specific taxonomic changes, particularly the reduction in Malassezia, and in the relative organisation of central community members than in broad shifts in overall microbial composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking host range in polyvalent bacteriophages through a stochastic-cooperative hypothesis of receptor recognition.","authors":"Song Zhang, Juhee Ahn","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxag248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxag248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As interest continues in bacteriophages as precision antimicrobials, understanding the molecular determinants of host range has become more important. Here, we use the term polyvalent to describe phages whose broad host recognition is associated with more than one receptor-binding protein (RBP) and/or more than one experimentally supported receptor-recognition pathway, which is distinct from broad host range as a phenotypic description alone. We propose a stochastic-cooperative hypothesis in which some RBPs can contribute primarily to reversible surface encounter and retention, whereas other RBPs mediate the stable receptor binding required to progress toward genome delivery. The novelty of this hypothesis is not the established reversible-to-irreversible sequence of adsorption, nor the existence of phages with multiple RBPs, but the specific prediction that functionally non-equivalent RBPs can alter the probability distribution of transitions between adsorption states on heterogeneous bacterial surfaces. Available structural, genetic, and single-particle evidence is consistent with parts of this interpretation but does not currently demonstrate a universal auxiliary-first pathway. Therefore, we distinguish evidence-supported elements from hypothetical components, consider alternative explanations for broad host range, and define experimentally testable predictions at molecular, single-particle, cellular, and population scales. This Perspective is intended as an experimentally evaluable conceptual model for studying how receptor density, accessibility, RBP composition, and post-adsorption barriers jointly shape observed host range, rather than as an established mechanism for all polyvalent phages.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal mucus promotes microbial degradation of bamboo fiber in an in vitro giant panda gut fermentation system.","authors":"Mingye Zhan, Lin Liu, Aishan Wang, Yong Yao, Yingmin Zhou, Shu Zhang, Jianran Ren, Xiaohua Fu, Jun Zhou, Enle Pei, Lei Wang","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxag242","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxag242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In some hindgut-fermenting animals, the intestine secretes mucus that provides physical lubrication and protection under high-fiber dietary conditions, yet the role of this mucus in plant-fiber degradation by the gut microbiota remains unclear. The unique \"mucus expulsion\" of giant pandas offers an ideal model to investigate the physiological significance of mucus in herbivore dietary adaptation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We established an in-vitro gut-mimicking system with mucus as the key variable. We quantified bamboo fiber degradation, visualized microstructural damage via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and analyzed the microbial community and functional potential using 16S rRNA sequencing. Null model-based ecological process inferences (NST, βNTI) were employed to probe community assembly mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the mucus system, the degradation of bamboo cellulose and hemicellulose was significantly enhanced (P < 0.05), with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealing extensive damage to bamboo fiber tissues. This enhanced degradation was associated with the predicted microbial functions related to plant polysaccharide metabolism, including diverse hydrolases (e.g. GH2/3/43) and transport systems. The primary contributors to this genetic potential were enriched fiber-hydrolyzing genera, including Bacteroides and Dysgonomonas, which actively interacted with resident probiotics and other commensal bacteria. Community assembly analysis suggested that the mucus physicochemical environment imposed deterministic constraints on microbial community composition, while phylogenetic turnover remained within stochastic expectations and was primarily characterized by dispersal limitation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within the mucus physicochemical environment, a specifically assembled microbial consortium was associated with enhanced bamboo fiber degradation and nutrient acquisition. These findings provide new insights into the potential role of mucus in supporting microbial adaptation to a bamboo-based diet in giant pandas.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructed wetland treatment increases prevalence of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates but decreases overall concentrations.","authors":"Adin C Pemberton, Brian R McMinn, Julie Kelleher, Valerie J Harwood, Asja Korajkic","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxag222","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxag222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) are high-risk pathogens of interest in the environment. Treatment wetlands are effective in reducing microbial contamination, but little is known of their ability to remove ARB such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE), and low-level ceftriaxone resistant Escherichia coli (LLCR).</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We measured putative MRSA, VRE, and LLCR E. coli from water column and sediments in five distinct sites within the Banklick Creek Wetland (BCW). Using a two-tier approach, we validated antibiotic resistance of putative ARB and authenticated genetic identity. We determined isolate resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics and screened for multidrug resistance (MDR). For LLCR E. coli, high degrees of antibiotic resistance (≥95%) and genetic identity verification (≥96%) were confirmed, but none of the putative VRE and MRSA isolates were confirmed genetically. LLCR E. coli from both matrices were most frequently resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics and least frequently to carbapenems. MDR E. coli isolates were significantly more prevalent at the wetland outlet (33%) compared to the inlet (19%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We observed limited removal of ARB, but an increase in the proportion of MDR isolates in the later treatment stages is concerning, as it suggests that the BCW may be acting as a reservoir and a possible conduit for evolution of MDR pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}