Journal of Applied Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Lactobacillus plantarum protects broilers against Salmonella Typhimurium infection via modulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and gut microbiota.","authors":"Lei Wang, A Min, Mengen Xu, Xiaohu Zhang, Fazul Nabi, Bo Li, Jiakui Li","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxag163","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxag163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) infection in broilers threatens food security and public health, and antibiotic overuse causes serious side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects and mechanism of Lactobacillus plantarum (LW) isolated from Tibetan chickens against ST infection in broilers.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Eighty 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into four groups (n = 20 per group): control (CC), LW supplementation (LW), ST infection (ST), and ST + LW treatment (PR). Broilers in LW and PR groups were orally administered 1 × 10⁸ CFU ml-1 LW from day 4 to day 21, and those in ST and PR groups were challenged with 1 × 10⁸ CFU ml-1 ST from day 15 to day 18. Results showed that LW significantly alleviated ST-induced growth retardation, oxidative stress, and intestinal histological injury. Meanwhile, LW inhibited NF-κB pathway to reduce intestinal inflammation, upregulated tight junction proteins to enhance intestinal barrier function, increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacilli to optimize gut microbiota, and maintained taurine levels to regulate taurine and hypotaurine metabolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LW effectively protects broilers from ST infection via regulating intestinal immunity, barrier function, gut microbiota, and metabolism. LW can be used as a safe and effective probiotic to prevent ST infection in poultry, thus reducing food safety risks and ensuring public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148421363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surfactin induces proteomic reprogramming and cell membrane damage in Fusarium graminearum.","authors":"Liang Chen, Yunxiang Sun, Qiuhua Xin, Xixi Xu","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxag184","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxag184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the antifungal activity of surfactin against Fusarium graminearum and to elucidate its underlying mechanism of action through comparative proteomic analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Antifungal effects of surfactin on F. graminearum were evaluated by assessing hyphal growth inhibition, fungal biomass reduction, and membrane integrity disruption. Surfactin treatment markedly suppressed hyphal development and significantly decreased fungal biomass. In addition, membrane integrity assays demonstrated substantial damage to the fungal cell membrane following exposure to surfactin. Comparative proteomic analysis further revealed pronounced alterations in the intracellular protein expression profile of F. graminearum, indicating that surfactin induces extensive proteomic reprogramming associated with antifungal stress responses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surfactin exhibits potent antifungal activity against F. graminearum by impairing fungal growth and disrupting cell membrane integrity. Proteomic findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying surfactin-mediated antifungal action and identify potential protein targets for future studies aimed at developing effective strategies for controlling Fusarium head blight (FHB).</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring multi-omics alterations in a rat model of infantile anorexia and the therapeutic mechanisms of Lipi compound-composed Chinese medicine.","authors":"Li Leng, Jingjing Chen, Jinlan Zuo, Zhu Chen, Kun Cao, Liwen Zhang, Chun Li, Limei Hu, Tiqun Zhou, Qiyan Liu, Lin Liu, Peng Yu, Xue Wu","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxag150","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxag150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aims to elucidate the microbial and metabolic mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Saccharomyces boulardii and the Lipi compound-composed Chinese medicine in alleviating infantile anorexia.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>The study conducted comprehensive analyses with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics to compare microbial composition and diversity among control, anorexia, S. boulardii treatment, and Lipi compound-composed Chinese medicine treatment groups. Furthermore, network pharmacology was employed to identify active compounds and their target genes in the Lipi compound-composed Chinese medicine. The S. boulardii treatment group showed a partial recovery in microbial species richness and significant changes in metabolites, suggesting its role in modulating the gut microbiota and metabolic profile. The Lipi compound-composed Chinese medicine treatment group demonstrated significant improvements in microbial diversity and metabolic profiles, with key genera such as Corynebacterium, Bifidobacterium, and Allobaculum showing substantial recovery. Moreover, the Lipi compound-composed Chinese medicine showed a superior ability to restore ghrelin levels compared to S. boulardii. Notably, key target genes such as CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and PLA2G4A were closely associated with the therapeutic effects of the Chinese medicine.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both S. boulardii and the Lipi compound-composed Chinese medicine alleviated infantile anorexia by modulating gut microbiota and host metabolism, but the Lipi formula showed superior efficacy in restoring microbial diversity, ghrelin/GHSR signalling, and linoleic acid metabolism. These findings identify the Lipi compound-composed Chinese medicine as a more effective microbiota-targeted intervention and provide mechanistic support for its further development in the treatment of infantile anorexia.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148390434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clonal diversity and shifting lineages of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter among healthy food handlers in Japan.","authors":"Kairi Miyaji, Natsuki Ohata, Mamoru Noda, Moritaka Hatta, Tatsuya Nakayama","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxag199","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxag199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are leading causes of foodborne illnesses, including human enteritis and diarrhea, in many countries. The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter is increasing in both developing and developed countries, with fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter recognized as a priority pathogen among antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Surveillance of Campylobacter antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is conducted worldwide because of its public health importance. In this study, we characterized the antimicrobial resistance patterns and genomic diversity of C. jejuni and C. coli strains isolated from food handlers in Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Surveillance was conducted on 106 Campylobacter isolates from food handlers between 2008 and 2023. Species identification by 16S rRNA sequencing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing of selected isolates were performed to characterize phenotypic and genotypic features, compare AMR profiles, and assess phylogeny. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) identified 36 sequence types (STs), including three novel STs and 10 clonal complexes (CCs). Among C. jejuni, CC21 (20.6%) was the most prevalent, followed by CC353 (2.8%). In C. coli, CC828 (4.7%) was the most prevalent. The AMR profiles and resistance determinants were as follows: quinolones (68.2%); mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (gyrA T86I); tetracyclines (40.2%); acquisition of tet(O) and macrolides (2.8%); and mutations in the 23S rRNA gene (A2075G). ST4526 (8.4%), reported only in Japan, was the most prevalent; however, it has not been detected since 2021, suggesting recent ST diversification.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study characterized the AMR profiles and genetic backgrounds of non-clinical human-derived Campylobacter strains isolated from food handlers.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral potential of selenium-enriched Bacillus pumilus: Inhibition of PCV2 replication via alleviation of oxidative stress.","authors":"Changsheng Chen, Yongwang Liu, Xiaoyan Zheng, Sichao Mao, Xinyi Xu, Xingxiang Chen","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxag175","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxag175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>In recent years, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) has emerged as one of the most economically significant viral pathogens affecting the global swine industry, leading to substantial economic losses. Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress facilitates PCV2 infection and replication, whereas alleviating oxidative stress can attenuate this process. Notably, glutathione and selenium play pivotal roles in the antioxidant response. Accordingly, we selected a glutathione-producing strain of Bacillus pumilus for selenium enrichment and investigated its inhibitory effects on PCV2 replication. This study aims to provide experimental evidence for the development of microecological preparations with antiviral activity.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>In this study, microbial colony counting, analysis of the biological characteristics of bacteria, histopathological analysis, biochemical indicator analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blotting were used to evaluate the effects of the selenium-enriched Bacillus pumilus composite probiotic on PCV2 replication in a mouse model. The results demonstrated that this Bacillus pumilus strain exhibited high glutathione production, favorable biological characteristics, and strong selenium-enriching capacity. The composite probiotic preparation modulated the JAK/STAT(Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) signaling pathway and elevated the phosphorylation levels of JAK1, STAT1, and STAT2. This further upregulated the expression of key antiviral effector genes Mx1 and Oas1 in the mouse spleen, thereby inhibiting PCV2 replication in vivo.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, selenium-enriched, glutathione-producing Bacillus pumilus exhibits antiviral potential. It suppresses in vivo PCV2 replication via alleviating oxidative stress, which provides the theoretical basis and experimental support for the development of novel antiviral microecological preparations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148421391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic use in fabric care products-assessing the current landscape and evaluating areas for development.","authors":"Rebecca Pearman, Neil J Lant, Katherine Latimer, Nazarmohammed Momin, Angela Sherry","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxag166","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxag166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Probiotics have been used in human health for over 45 years. More recently, micro-organisms have been incorporated into cleaning formulations creating a new category: Microbial-based cleaning products (MBCP). The peer-reviewed literature on MBCP remains limited; however, manufacturers commonly attribute efficacy to three principal mechanisms: secretion of extracellular enzymes, competition with other micro-organisms for nutrients and space, and production of antimicrobial agents such as antimicrobial peptides. Fabric care MBCP (e.g. probiotic-containing laundry detergents) represent a relatively recent commercial development and are currently available from a limited number of manufacturers. In laundry applications, probiotics are proposed to be delivered to fabric surfaces during the wash cycle and deposited onto textiles via agitation in the wash liquor. This contrasts with hard-surface cleaners, in which probiotics are applied directly (e.g. by spray, mop or sponge). Further experimental work is required to define conditions that maximize deposition and retention of probiotics on textiles and establish cleaning performance. Given that clothing soils often differ from hard-surface soils, strains intended for fabric care MBCP should be selected to favour germination and enzyme production relevant to laundry soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148404749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Development of a synbiotic potential score as a quantitative approach for selecting putative synergistic strain-prebiotic candidates.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxag196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxag196","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":"137 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating biocontrol efficacy and genomic potential of Bacillus velezensis BJ-1141: from broad-spectrum antagonism to tomato Fusarium wilt suppression.","authors":"Yunyun Chen, Mei Liu, Wei Zhang, Manawaduge Ayesha Madushani, Cong Jiang, Qikai Xing, Chenfang Wang, Jiye Yan","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxag176","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxag176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To isolate and characterize a rhizosphere-derived Bacillus velezensis strain with biocontrol and plant growth-promoting potential, and to evaluate its efficacy against plant pathogens together with its genomic basis.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>A bacterial strain (BJ-1141) was isolated from the rhizosphere and identified as B. velezensis based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA and gyrA gene sequences. The strain exhibited broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against 24 plant pathogenic fungi, inhibiting 23 pathogens by more than 50%, with a maximum inhibition rate of 95.57%. BJ-1141 produced hydrolytic enzymes (amylase, protease, cellulase, and pectinase) and plant growth-promoting factors, including siderophores and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). It also demonstrated phosphorus solubilization, nitrogen fixation, and biofilm formation. Greenhouse experiments showed that root application of BJ-1141 effectively controlled tomato Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, achieving control efficacies of 81.13-85.93%, which were higher than those of chemical and commercial microbial treatments. In addition, BJ-1141 significantly increased plant height, biomass, and chlorophyll content in tomato and lettuce seedlings. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a 3 902 965 bp genome containing 13 biosynthetic gene clusters associated with antimicrobial secondary metabolites, including surfactin, fengycin, bacillaene, difficidin, macrolactin H, bacillibactin, and bacilysin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bacillus velezensis BJ-1141 is a multifunctional bacterial strain with strong biocontrol efficacy and plant growth-promoting traits, supported by genomic evidence, and represents a promising candidate for sustainable crop disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148470671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenome-assembled genomes from northern West Siberia: insights into microbial diversity in permafrost and contemporary soils.","authors":"Darya V Poshvina, Alexander S Balkin, Alexey S Vasilchenko","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxag182","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxag182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Permafrost thawing due to global warming threatens to release long-preserved microbial communities, including potentially novel bacterial lineages. Despite the importance of West Siberian permafrost for climate models, genome-resolved studies of its microbial diversity remain limited. This study aimed to recover and characterize metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from permafrost and contemporary soils of northern West Siberia, and to assess their biosynthetic and antibiotic resistance potential.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>We reconstructed 117 MAGs from soil samples collected from northern West Siberia, including ancient permafrost deposits (∼10 000 and ∼ 39 000 years old) and contemporary soils. Permafrost deposits exhibited significantly higher biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) diversity compared to contemporary soils (Shannon H' = 4.15 vs. 3.36-3.59) with terpenes, RiPP-like and NRPS-like clusters being the most abundant. Notably, Vulcanimicrobiota and Verrucomicrobiota were recovered exclusively from permafrost in this dataset. A total of 14 unique antibiotic resistance genes conferring resistance to eight drug classes were detected. The RND efflux pump gene, adeF, dominated the resistome across all biomes, while Van family genes were largely restricted to permafrost at the phylum level. Verrucomiocota showed the highest adeF load followed by Planctomicrobiota and Pseudomonodota. A strong correlation was observed between bacterial genes and antibiotic resistance genes across biomes (Spearman's ρ = 0.893, p = 0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This genome-resolved study reveals a high level of undiscovered bacterial diversity in West Siberian permafrost including habitat-specific lineages. Our findings highlight permafrost as a rich repository of novel biosynthetic potential and emphasize the importance of metagenomic exploration of Arctic ecosystems under climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148603368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of controlled UVC dose emission by mercury lamps and LED array against clinically relevant pathogenic bacteria.","authors":"Cassiano R Schavinski, Nicolas W Belmonte, Bruno S Vizzotto, Nelson Jorge Schuch, André P Schuch","doi":"10.1093/jambio/lxag187","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jambio/lxag187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Ultraviolet C radiation (UVC; λ = 100-280 nm) is a well-established physical agent for microbial inactivation, widely applied in surface and environmental disinfection. Considering the increasing demand for efficient, safe, and automated disinfection systems, this study compares the performance of two low-pressure mercury lamps with different wattages and a novel UVC-LED array in terms of UVC irradiance, DNA damage induction, and microbiological inactivation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DNA photodamage was assessed in vitro via cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer detection, and bacteriological inactivation was evaluated with four relevant pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) exposed to increasing UVC doses (0-50 J/m2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All UVC sources induced a dose-dependent increase of DNA lesions and microbial inactivation, with 50 J/m² achieving an average inactivation rate of 99.98%. Although higher-power mercury lamps delivered higher dose rates (J/m2/s), the UVC-LED device showed comparable germicidal efficacy, with advantages in energy efficiency, operational lifespan, and environmental safety.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results presented in this work indicate the feasibility of complementing the use of mercury-based lamps with UVC-LEDs due to its great potential application for point-of-use disinfection approaches. Furthermore, the obtained results also highlight the importance of controlled digital dosimetry to improve the UVC-based technologies application for disinfection of bacteria of hospital concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":15036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148578675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}