Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"Postural Stability: The Role of Auditory Input in Normal Hearing Individuals and Older Adults with Hearing Loss.","authors":"Nikita Nanavati, Pragya Jain","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.81193.3733","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.81193.3733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Balance integrates sensory and motor functions through the visual, somatosensory, and vestibular systems. Auditory inputs also contribute to spatial orientation, aiding postural control and stability. Exploring the effects of auditory stimuli on postural stability may reveal their therapeutic potential. So, current study is undertaken to study effect of auditory stimuli in maintaining postural stability in healthy young and older adults with age-related hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 70 participants were divided into two groups: Group I consisted of 35 individuals aged 18-35 years with normal hearing, and Group II comprised 35 older adults aged 50-80 years with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss. Pure Tone Audiometry was performed, followed by a Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance (mCTSIB) protocol and tandem gait on static postural stability, under four conditions (quiet, speech, natural environmental sounds, white noise), both with and without auditory stimuli.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postural stability improved with natural sounds compared to quiet and other auditory stimuli in both young and older adults with age-related hearing loss. Healthy young adults consistently showed better postural stability than older adults in both quiet and auditory conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Auditory stimuli can effectively enhance postural stability in both young adults and older adults with age-related hearing loss, with more pronounced effect observed in older adults. Therefore, auditory stimuli can be effectively used to enhance postural stability, suggesting their potential utility in therapeutic interventions aimed at improving balance in individuals with age-related hearing impairments.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 3","pages":"151-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infra-Auricular Subcutaneous Myxoma: Surgical Challenges and Histopathological Insights.","authors":"Sanjeev Yadav, Ashish Gupta","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.80373.3704","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.80373.3704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Myxomas are rare, benign mesenchymal tumors predominantly found in connective tissues, rarely occurring in the head and neck. Composed of stellate cells in a mucoid matrix, their incidence in intramuscular locations is about 1 in 1,000,000, with fewer than 200 cases reported since 1948. This report discusses the surgical treatment and pathology of a subcutaneous myxoma in the infraauricular region.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A middle-aged male presented with a painful, discharging polypoidal mass in the infraauricular area, initially misdiagnosed as a dermoid cyst from imaging and biopsy. Surgical excision and reconstruction using a bilobed flap were performed. Histopathological analysis confirmed myxoma. At the six-month follow-up, the patient demonstrated excellent wound healing and functional recovery, emphasizing the effectiveness of the bilobed flap in infraauricular reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of myxomas, especially in unusual locations. Effective management relies on surgical removal with histological confirmation, demonstrating the importance of considering myxomas in differential diagnoses of neck masses. The successful use of a bilobed flap for reconstruction emphasizes the necessity for appropriate surgical planning to manage aesthetic and functional outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 6","pages":"353-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12777664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145933342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Quality of Life in Adults Following Cochlear Implantation.","authors":"Leila Monshizadeh, Seyed Basir Hashemi, Mehdi Rahimi","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.89667.4004","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.89667.4004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cochlear implantation is a surgical procedure which provides the sense of hearing in patients with sensorineural hearing loss, particularly when conventional hearing aids are no longer effective. Although cochlear implantation is mostly used for children, increasing number of adults are also benefiting from this life-changing technology. As cochlear implantation can improve communication in adults, enhance quality of life and socio-emotional well-being, the primary aim of the present study is to investigate the quality-of-life improvement in adult cochlear implant recipients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This quasi-experimental single-group pretest-posttest study utilized the Persian standardized version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHO-QOL-BREF) to assess quality-of-life improvements in 26 adult cochlear implant recipients with a mean age of 36.19 ± 12.71 years. The questionnaire was administered at two time points: the first month after receiving the speech processor and six months later. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 21.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to examine the effects of cochlear implantation and the subsequent rehabilitation program on four quality-of-life dimensions: physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and perception of the living environment. The analysis revealed a significant main effect of time on quality of life, indicating notable improvements across all dimensions from pre- to post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The pre- and post-test analysis using the WHO-QOL-BREF questionnaire demonstrated a significant enhancement in the quality of life among adult cochlear implant recipients. Therefore, cochlear implantation is an effective intervention for treating hearing impairment in adults suffering from progressive hearing loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 6","pages":"321-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12777676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145933344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change in Voice Quality with Voice Therapy, Injection Laryngoplasty, and Medialization Thyroplasty.","authors":"Pushkaraj A Kulkarni, Anagha A Joshi, Gopishankar Subramaniasamy, Manish Prajapati, Renuka A Bradoo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP), voice therapy (VT), injection laryngoplasty (IL), and medialization thyroplasty (MT) are reported to produce significant improvement in voice quality (VQ). However, their long-term outcomes have not been sufficiently evaluated. We assessed the improvement in VQ with VT, IL, and MT over 12 months.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective observational study involved 95 adult patients with UVFP, categorized into three groups: VT (n=55), IL (n=36), and MT (n=4). The VQ was assessed with voice handicap index (VHI), maximum phonation time (MPT), phonatory gap (PG), and breathy voice quality (BVQ) on Day 1, 15, 30, 90, 180, and 360.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the VT group, the decrease in PG, VHI score, and BVQ score was significant from Day 15, 30, and 30, respectively, while MPT increased significantly from Day 15 (p<0.05). In the MT group, similar changes were observed; however, these changes were significant from Day 1 (p<0.05). In both the groups, the lowest PG, VHI score, and BVQ score, and the highest MPT were attained on Day 360. In the IL group, PG, VHI score, and BVQ score decreased significantly, and MPT values increased significantly at every visit (p<0.05). However, PG, VHI score, and BVQ score started increasing and MPT started decreasing from Day 90, 15, 90, and 180, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All treatment modalities improved the VQ significantly, immediately with IL and MT, and gradually with VT. Moreover, the improvement was long-term with VT and MT, and of intermediate duration with IL.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 3","pages":"115-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Children and Adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease.","authors":"Amos Solomon, Nurudeen Adebola Shofoluwe, Hafsat Ahmad, Abdulkadir Isa, Shuiabu Iliyasu Yunusa, Hamza Anka Manir","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.74314.3500","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.74314.3500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a major global health burden with significant clinical, social, and economic impacts. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is an underreported complication of SCD that is, primarily attributed to vaso-occlusive crises and ischemia. This condition adversely affects the quality of life, education, and social integration, particularly among children in resource-limited settings. Understanding the risk factors for SNHL is crucial for prevention, early detection, and timely intervention. This study evaluated the prevalence of SNHL in children with SCD and identified associated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective comparative study was conducted at a tertiary healthcare facility in Northwest Nigeria. A total of 250 children aged 5-16 years were enrolled, comprising 125 patients with confirmed sickle cell disease (SCD) in a steady state and 125 age- and sex-matched controls with a normal haemoglobin genotype (HbAA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bilateral SNHL was identified in 25.6% of SCD cases, whereas no SNHL was observed in the control group. The male-to-female ratio among the affected children was 1.2:1. Multivariate logistic regression revealed significant associations between SNHL and elevated white blood cell count (Odds Ratio {OR} 1.035; 95% Confidence Interval {CI} 1.020-1.050), elevated platelet count (OR 1.209; 95% CI 1.070-1.365), poor clinic attendance (OR 28.668; 95% CI 4.879-168.458; <i>P</i>= < 0.001), non-compliance with SCD medications (OR 9.634; 95% CI 1.830-50.718; <i>P</i> = 0.008), and frequent severe sickle cell crises requiring hospitalization (OR 2.106,; 95% CI 0.019-0.598; <i>P</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the high prevalence of SNHL in children with SCD and its association with modifiable risk factors. Routine audiological screening, consistent clinic attendance, medication adherence, and regular monitoring of haematological parameters are essential for early identification and management of SNHL. Targeted interventions can significantly improve the outcomes and reduce the burden of this debilitating complication.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 3","pages":"123-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Intra-Operative Topical 5-Fluorouracil Post-Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Lekhaa Mohanraj, Somu Lakshmanan, Urvashi Singh","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.80571.3709","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.80571.3709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Endoscopic nasal surgery has numerous potential adverse effects, adhesions are at the top of the list. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which is an analogue of pyrimidine, is utilized in a wide variety of areas for the purpose of preventing adhesions. In the present investigation, our purpose was to analyze the impact of intra-operative application of 5-flurouracil in the nasal cavity following FESS, as well as to evaluate both subjective and objective outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Following the acquisition of institutional ethical approval, a testing procedure that was randomized, prospective, and double-blinded was carried out. After the FESS, a cotton swab soaked in 1 mL of 5-flurouracil at 5 mg/mL was inserted in one side of the nasal cavity and a saline-soaked one in the other. Both of these swabs were kept in place for a period of five minutes. Postoperatively, patients were assessed over 6 months duration, wherein, adhesions, discharge, crustation, edema and polypoidal changes were analyzed. Subjective symptoms such as nasal block, nasal discharge and loss of smell were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the one-week follow-up, the test group had a significantly higher incidence of adhesions (32% vs. 11.76%, respectively) (p = 0.004) than the control group. Mucosal edema, crusting, polypoidal change and nasal discharge continued to significantly diminish in both groups. Furthermore, improvement in smell perception in the test group at the 20th week post-operatively was statistically significant (p= 0.014).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adhesions are less common in the early postoperative period in individuals who underwent FESS with or without polypectomy when 5-FU is administered topically. There is also an improvement in smell perception with a reduction of mucosal edema, crusting, polypoidal change and nasal discharge enabling better healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 2","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Intratympanic Steroid Therapy in Sudden Hearing Loss in Children: The Clinical Case of an Exceptionally Late Hearing Recovery.","authors":"Marco Capelli","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.83020.3794","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.83020.3794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sudden hearing loss represents a medical emergency that can potentially have a highly negative impact on an individual's quality of life. In particular it can represent a serious concern in pediatric age, interfering cognitive and language development. Despite the seriousness of the problem, there is currently no consensus on diagnostic and therapeutic management methods, and the debate is still open.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We present the case of a 15-year-old child with a sudden right-sided hearing loss of profound degree and of idiopathic etiology. Initially he was treated with oral steroid treatment and subsequently to multiple sessions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy without satisfactory results. Several weeks after the onset of symptoms, the patient underwent a cycle of 3 intratympanic methylprednisolone injections with unexpected hearing recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intratympanic steroid therapy could represent not only a life-saving therapeutic choice as it is currently considered, but also a first therapeutic choice, particularly in pediatric age, thanks to substantial absence of systemic side effects and the potential efficacy even after many weeks from the onset of symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 4","pages":"221-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhinophyma Treatment with Blue Laser.","authors":"Estefanía Miranda, Ithzel-María Villarreal, Oscar Arenas, Guillermo Plaza","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.83754.3818","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.83754.3818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rhinophyma is a chronic skin pathology that mainly affects the nose. It is featured by thickening of the skin and soft tissue of the nose. Treatment options include topical medication, systemic drugs, electrocautery, cryosurgery, laser therapy, dermabrasion, and in some cases, surgical procedures like rhinoplasty. The aim of this report is to demonstrate the usefulness of the blue laser and its efficacy in the treatment of rhinophyma.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We report two cases of patients diagnosed with rhinophyma who underwent blue laser treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of blue laser to treat rhinophyma has shown to be an effective and safe procedure with very promising results.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 4","pages":"227-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Did We Learn from Our Cochlear Implant Revisions?","authors":"Cigdem Kalaycik Ertugay, Ozgur Yigit, Ecem Sevim Akı","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.77740.3612","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.77740.3612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We aimed to report our clinic's 11-year experience with cochlear implant (CI) revision surgeries.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a retrospective observational study. Patients who underwent CI and revision surgery at the same tertiary institution were enrolled in the study. Patients whose primary surgery was performed at another institution were excluded from the study. The patients' clinical charts, surgical records, and audiological and oral language outcomes were retrospectively examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-three (29 children, 4 adults) of 720 patients (871 CI) at our clinic required revision surgery, representing a revision surgery rate of 4.58%. The most common reason for revision was device failure (10 patients), followed by skin and electrode problems, with electrode tip fold-over in 6 patients, a broken electrode cable in 1 patient, skin flap complications in 6 patients, displacement of the magnet in 1 patient, cholesteatoma in 1 patient, electrode migration in 6 patients, misplacement of the electrode array into the internal acoustic canal in 1 patient, and explantation of the electrode cable in the external auditory canal in 1 patient. We had only one major complication after revision surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We recommend performing routine postoperative imaging, even if intraoperative telemetries are normal, to diagnose electrode misplacement or electrode tip fold-over. Additionally, we recommend long-term regular follow-up of children, in particular, because our study showed that the number of revision surgeries was higher in children who received implants at an early age.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 3","pages":"143-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obstructive Pharyngo-Laryngeal Hematoma Complicating Oral Anticoagulation: Case Report.","authors":"Maissa Lajhouri, Houda Chahed, Rania Laajailia, Rihab Lahmer, Azza Mediouni, Najeh Beltaief","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.82416.3772","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.82416.3772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Spontaneous pharyngo-laryngeal hematoma in patients receiving oral anticoagulants is rare and potentially fatal because of upper airway obstruction. Many risk factors can cause potential hemorrhagic complications, such as drug interactions.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We present the case of a 74-year-old man who was on oral anticoagulation by acenocoumarol and presented with acute laryngeal dyspnea. The final diagnosis of pharyngo-laryngeal hematoma secondary to hypercoagulation was made based on the clinical, biological, and radiological features. Therefore, conservative management was initiated. Drug interactions between anticoagulants and macrolides were the probable underlying causes of excessive anticoagulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pharyngo-laryngeal hematoma should be considered in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy with symptoms of upper airway obstruction. Drug interactions may be the underlying cause of hypercoagulation, so medications should be carefully prescribed to these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 3","pages":"165-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}