Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"Management of Thyroid Nodules in Children: A single-center experience.","authors":"Malika El Omri, Oumaima Gabsi, Mouna Bellakhdher, Monia Ghammem, Wassim Kermani, Mohamed Abdelkefi","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2024.78964.3659","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2024.78964.3659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Thyroid nodules are a common diagnosis in adults. However, in children, they are rare, occurring in only 1-5% of cases. Early diagnosis and prompt management are crucial due to the higher likelihood of malignancy. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of thyroid nodules in children and plan their therapeutic management.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted on 29 children who underwent surgery for thyroid nodules at our ENT department between 2000 and 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of the patients was 14.4 years, with a clear predominance of females (sex ratio of 0.16). The primary complaint was the appearance of an anterior cervical swelling in 82.7% of cases. The surgical procedures performed on the thyroid gland included isthmectomy in one patient, lobectomy in 16 patients, and total thyroidectomy in 12 patients. Total thyroidectomy was performed in one step in 10 cases and in two steps in 2 cases where papillary carcinoma was found in the final histological examination of the lobectomy parts. Papillary carcinoma was confirmed in four cases (13.8%) after definitive histological examination. All patients had favourable outcomes. The mean follow-up was 31 months for benign cases and 15 months after the last course of radioactive iodine therapy for malignant cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thyroid nodules are uncommon in children. To evaluate the risk of malignancy in children with thyroid nodules, ultrasound and cytology should be performed. This will help determine the appropriate surgical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 2","pages":"65-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into Covid Associated Mucormycosis: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Avinash-Shekhar Jaiswal, Aanchal Kakkar, Kavneet Kaur, Alok Thakar, Kapil Sikka, Hitesh Verma","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2024.78990.3662","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2024.78990.3662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The notable increase in cases of rhino-orbito-cerebral Mucormycosis during the COVID pandemic is alarming. Both share a common route of entry, the nasal mucosa, leading to speculation about whether similar receptors play a role in both diseases. We aim to compare the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the nasal and paranasal sinus tissues among patients with COVID-19-associated Mucormycosis (CAM), COVID-19-negative mucormycosis (CNM), and healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective study included patients with CAM, CNM, and healthy individuals who underwent surgical management. Immunohistochemistry was performed in the sino-nasal tissue to detect the presence of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptors. The level was compared among the three groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study encompassed 44 patients with CAN, 20 with CNM, and ten healthy individuals. ACE2 positivity was seen only in the apical cilia, with no significant difference among the groups (p=0.6). In contrast, TMPRSS2 positivity was seen in the cytoplasm and nucleus of epithelium and submucosal glands in addition to apical cilia. TMPRSS2 was increasingly expressed in patients with CAM compared to CNM (p=0.009) and the healthy group (p=0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The expression of TMPRSS2 receptors is elevated in patients with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis with no significant change in the expression of ACE2 receptors. This finding could account for the heightened susceptibility to infection by SARS-CoV-2 and the subsequent immune dysregulation, providing a fertile ground for Mucorales co-infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 1","pages":"27-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Following Electric Shock: A Case Report with Literature Review.","authors":"Arshit Kataria","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2024.77019.3579","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2024.77019.3579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Electric shock occurs when electricity passes through the body, causing a range of symptoms from mild tingling to potentially life-threatening injuries such as burns, seizures, and cardiac arrest. In rare cases, Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL) has also been associated with an electric shock.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 35-year-old male presented with left-sided hearing loss following an electric shock. The audiometric evaluation revealed left Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The patient was prescribed oral corticosteroids showing some improvement in hearing thresholds and was advised hearing aid for the residual SNHL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Limited literature exists on the association between high-voltage electric shocks and hearing loss. This case report highlights the importance of prompt evaluation and management of (SSNHL) in individuals affected by electric shock.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 1","pages":"47-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Post Laryngectomy Pharyngocutaneous Fistula and Impact of Pharyngeal Suture Type on Fistula Characteristics.","authors":"Javier Gómez-Hervás, Eduardo J Correa, Diego M Conti, Georgia Liva, Esteban Merino-Galvez","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2024.83054.3798","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2024.83054.3798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) is the most common complication following total laryngectomy (TL). The factors contributing to its occurrence are still a matter of debate. The impact of suture type has been relatively underexplored. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with PCF and understand how the type of suture influences PCF characteristics.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An observational study encompassing all TL procedures was performed between 2005 and 2022 at a secondary care hospital. Sociodemographic and clinical variables widely studied in the literature to identify PCF risk factors were considered. Additionally, the characteristics of fistulas were examined to assess the influence of the suture type.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy TL cases were included. The incidence of PCF was 56.0%. Identified risk factors for PCF included pharyngeal closure type (p=0.001) (RR=13.09), nutritional support type (p=0.001) (RR=13.54), the need for reintervention due to postoperative bleeding (p=0.001) (RR=1.13), and the need for blood transfusion after surgery (p=0.015) (RR=1.20). Regarding the suture type, Modified Connell Suture (MCS) was associated with a later onset of fistula (p=0.014), shorter hospital stay (p=0.001), and early initiation of oral feeding (p=0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PCF occurrence is associated with nasogastric tube use, Lambert closure, postoperative bleeding, and reintervention for bleeding after TL. Moreover, MCS sutures are linked to a shorter hospital stays and early initiation of oral feeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 1","pages":"11-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The long-term Effects of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) on Auditory Thresholds: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Sadegh Jafarzadeh, Saeid Eslami","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2024.80236.3698","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2024.80236.3698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The available evidence about hearing loss in Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients mostly show sensorineural hearing loss, and the long-term effects of COVID-19 on auditory thresholds are unknown. This study aimed to compare the auditory threshold results in COVID-19 patients (several months after infection) with a control group.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed with positive polymerase chain reaction findings and radiology images. Hearing evaluation was performed with an audiometry test and a calibrated audiometer in a sound-treated room. The results of 177 patients were compared with those of the 589 matched control group. In both groups, subjects over 50 years old or with any history of ear disease were excluded from the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The time interval between infection with COVID-19 and hearing tests was 170.51±98.38 days. There was no significant difference between the auditory thresholds in different frequencies in both groups. Also, no significant difference was observed between the auditory thresholds of the two groups in the first, second, and third trimesters after being infected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study did not show the long-term effects of COVID-19 on auditory thresholds, and the findings do not support hearing loss as a long-term COVID symptom.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 2","pages":"85-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classical vs. New Mini-Window Medialization Laryngoplasty Method in Glottic Insufficiency.","authors":"Aslan Ahmadi, Nadia Goudarzi, Mohammad Mahdi Salem, Mojtaba Maleki Delarestaghi, Fatemeh Jahanshahi","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.78056.3622","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.78056.3622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>True vocal cord failure (glottis) refers to the inability or failure of the larynx structure and vocal cords to produce sound. One of the optimal techniques for repairing this lesion is medialization laryngoplasty, which restores sound strength, continuity, and quality. Another technique is to create a Mini window in the periphery of false vocal cords. This study compared the effectiveness of medialization laryngoplasty with Gore-tex in two classic medialization laryngoplasty techniques and the Mini window method in the periphery of false vocal cords.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 30 participants who had unilateral vocal cord paralysis due to various causes, such as surgery, metastasis, and intubation, were studied. After obtaining informed consent from patients, 15 participants were assigned to each group (classic or mini-window medialization laryngoplasty). Voice parameters, such as pitch, jitter, shimmer, and hoarseness, were evaluated before and after surgery. The duration of the surgery was also compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Mini-Window method significantly improved sound quality, resulting in lower voice shimmer and shorter surgery duration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While both methods are effective, the Mini-Window technique offers a more efficient surgery with reduced voice shimmer.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 2","pages":"73-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on Tinnitus Severity and Sleep Quality in Patients with Presbycusis.","authors":"Rohollah Abbasi, Faranak Emami, Saeid Atighechi, Zahra Sadeghi","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2024.79602.3681","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2024.79602.3681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tinnitus is one of the symptoms of presbycusis that affects patients' sleep and social life. This study aimed to determine the effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on treating tinnitus due to presbycusis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 50 patients with tinnitus due to presbycusis were randomly divided into groups A and B, with 25 patients in each group. In addition to routine treatments, group A received 100 mg of CoQ10 daily, while group B received a placebo. Both groups were evaluated for tinnitus severity, loudness of tinnitus, quality of life, and sleep disturbance before and 6 weeks after starting the treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the intervention and control groups, the mean changes in score compared to before the treatment were as follows: quality of life (3.1 ± 1.67) and (1.28 ± 0.76) (P = 0.298), sleep disorder (-7.60 ± 1.38) and (-1.0 ± 8.55) (P<0.001), tinnitus disability (-17.2 ± 52.93) and (-4.56 ± 1.37) (P<0.001), tinnitus loudness of right ear (-1.68 ± 0.41) and (-0.95 ± 0.23) (P=0.11) and left ear (-2.2 ± 0.35) and (-0.54 ± 0.21) (P<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicated that adding CoQ10 to the routine regimen for patients with tinnitus due to presbycusis significantly decreases tinnitus disability, improves sleep disturbance, and reduces tinnitus loudness. However, more studies should be conducted in this regard.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 1","pages":"33-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Role of Inflammatory Markers in Predicting Central Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.","authors":"Ebrahim Farashi, Sajjad Ranjbar, Sahand Eslami, Nikzad Shahidi, Seyed Ziaeddin Rasihashemi","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.84332.3840","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.84332.3840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The current study sought to assess the predictive value of inflammatory markers, namely the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), in relation to central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 79 participants with confirmed PTC diagnosis following surgery were included in the study. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and laboratory variables were collected. CLNM was evaluated based on pathological findings. NLR and PLR were calculated to assess their associations with clinicopathological features and metastasis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 26 males (25.9%) and 53 females (74.1%), with a mean age of 42.26 years (range 15-74). Significant findings included a higher incidence of CLNM in males (<i>p</i>=0.047) and larger tumor sizes in patients with CLNM (<i>p</i>=0.047). Tumor multifocality was also more common in the CLNM group (62.5% vs. 28.9%, <i>p</i>=0.003). Although no significant relationship was found between the inflammatory markers NLR, PLR, and CLNM, a meaningful association was observed between PLR and age in patients with CLNM (<i>r</i>= 0.414, <i>p</i>=0.011).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates significant associations between clinicopathological features and CLNM in PTC. Male gender, larger tumor size, and multifocality correlated with higher CLNM rates. While inflammatory markers such as NLR and PLR did not show significant differences, PLR's positive correlation with age in CLNM patients suggests potential prognostic value, warranting further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 3","pages":"135-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Oral Preoperative Clonidine with Infusion of Intraoperative Labetalol on Bleeding during Tympanoplasty Surgery.","authors":"Mohamad Reza Afzalzadeh, Mostafa Mahdavi, Saleheh Asghari, Maryam Emadzadeh","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.78101.3626","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.78101.3626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Surgical bleeding is one of the most critical complications in various surgical procedures. In middle ear surgery, managing bleeding is a significant challenge for anesthesiologists because even minor bleeding can obstruct the surgeon's vision and prolong the surgery. Our objective is to compare the impact of preoperative oral clonidine versus labetalol infusion on bleeding volume during tympanoplasty surgery.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, tympanoplasty candidates were randomly assigned to three groups: the clonidine group (received 300 micrograms of clonidine tablets one hour before surgery with normal saline infusion during the operation), the control group (given a placebo tablet one hour before surgery with normal saline infusion during surgery), and the labetalol group (administered a placebo tablet one hour before surgery with labetalol infusion at a rate of 0.2 mg/kg of body weight per hour during surgery). We then evaluated the extent of intraoperative bleeding, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate at various time points until the end of the surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clonidine and labetalol were effective in reducing intraoperative bleeding compared to the control group. Grade 2 bleeding (minimal bleeding requiring intermittent suction) was the highest grade observed across all three groups and was consistently noted in all patients. Clonidine demonstrated greater efficiency in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate compared to both labetalol and the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Premedication with clonidine or labetalol is associated with reduced intraoperative bleeding, improved surgical field visibility, and shorter duration of tympanoplasty procedures. This may potentially lead to increased satisfaction and success rates of the operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 3","pages":"105-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease: A Rare Condition Mimicking Sepsis.","authors":"Sethu Thakachy Subha, Naseeha Roslan Ainur, Mohd Ali Razana","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.82006.3754","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.82006.3754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is a self-limited disease which is also known as histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis. The Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is a rare cause of cervical lymphadenopathy, with or without systemic signs, such as fever, leukopenia, and skin rashes.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We presented a case of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease in a 29-year-old female mimicking sepsis after a COVID-19 infection. Clinical examination revealed stable vitals and multiple diffuse non-tender bilateral cervical and axillary lymph adenopathy with hepatosplenomegaly. The patient's blood parameters showed leukopenia, raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, lactate dehydrogenase, microcytic hypochromic anemia with normal renal and liver function tests. The patient was treated with broad spectrum intravenous antibiotics and subcutaneous neupogen with a clinical suspicion of sepsis. The patient then underwent a CT scan which validated the clinical findings. Although the fever subsided, a persistent cervical lymphadenopathy was observed and the biopsy confirmed it to be necrotising lymph adenitis secondary to Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease. This patient has been regularly monitored and has shown resolution of cervical lymphadenopathy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinicians should suspect Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease when patients present with persistent cervical lymphadenopathy unresponsive to initial medical treatment. Lymph node biopsy should be undertaken to rule out Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease and prevent these patients from extensive diagnostic procedures and inappropriate treatment modalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 3","pages":"161-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}