Iranian Endodontic Journal最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Apical Sealing Performance of Bioceramic and Resin-Based Sealers: A Fluid Filtration Analysis.","authors":"Rohollah Havaei, Maryam Rasekhi, Neda Shekarchizadeh Esfahani, Mohammad Javad Tarrahi","doi":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.49787","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.49787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Achieving a three-dimensional seal in the apical, lateral, and coronal regions of the root canal is a key objective in endodontic treatment. This study aimed to compare the apical sealing ability of NeoSealer Flo, MTA-Fillapex, and AH-26 over different time intervals using the fluid filtration method.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this <i>in vitro</i> study, 58 single-rooted premolars (<i>n</i>=18 per group; 2 positive and 2 negative controls) were selected and prepared using the ProTaper system up to file F3. Canals were obturated with the single-cone technique using one of the three tested sealers. Apical microleakage was measured at 24 hours, 1 week, and 4 weeks using the fluid filtration method. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, ANCOVA, and Tukey's HSD post hoc test (<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that sealer type, time, and their interaction had a statistically significant effect on apical microleakage (<i>P</i><0.001). NeoSealer Flo showed the lowest and AH-26 the highest leakage values across all time intervals. In all three groups, microleakage decreased over time. This reduction was statistically significant from 24 hours to 1 week in the NeoSealer Flo and MTA-Fillapex groups (<i>P</i><0.001), and from 1 week to 4 weeks in the AH-26 group (<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within the limitations of this study, NeoSealer Flo demonstrated superior apical sealing ability at all time points. Under single-cone obturation conditions, bioceramic sealers such as NeoSealer Flo may provide more predictable long-term apical sealing compared to resin-based alternatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"e7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12900524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146201654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Three Glide-path File Systems in Double-curvature Simulated Canals: An <i>in Vitro</i> Study.","authors":"Vicente Barreto Peña, Carmen Rosa Garcia-Rupaya","doi":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.46173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/iej.v21i1.46173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of three rotary glide-path file systems (ProGlider, Px-One, and Pro-path) in simulated canals with double curvature.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 78 new files (<i>n</i>=26 per system) were evaluated and divided into six groups according to canal curvature (30^° and 60^°). Artificial stainless-steel canals (19 mm long, 8 mm curvature radius) were used. All files were operated at 300 rpm and 2.0 Ncm torque using continuous rotation at room temperature (22±2 ^°C). Cyclic fatigue resistance was assessed by recording the time to fracture. Shapiro-Wilk and Levene's tests were performed to evaluate normality and homogeneity of variance, respectively. Data were analyzed using Welch's ANOVA and Games-Howell post hoc test (<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Pro-path system showed significantly greater fatigue resistance than Px-One and ProGlider at both 30^° and 60^° canal curvatures (<i>P</i><0.001). In 30^° canals, Pro-path exhibited a mean fracture time of 76.42±12.50 min, compared to 57.41±11.77 min for ProGlider and 49.84±14.77 min for Px-One. In 60^° canals, Pro-path again demonstrated superior performance (18.90±4.86 min), followed by ProGlider (5.71±1.23 min) and Px-One (4.70±1.20 min).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>these experimental conditions, Pro-path demonstrated significantly greater cyclic fatigue resistance than ProGlider and Px-One in double-curvature simulated canals. However, the absence of body temperature control and a static testing model limits clinical extrapolation. Further studies validating these findings under physiological conditions and dynamic kinematics are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"e14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13136705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building on Twenty Years of Scholarship: Shaping the Future of Endodontics.","authors":"Mohammad Jafar Eghbal, Saeed Asgary","doi":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.51344","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.51344","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"e1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12900519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146201622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bibliometric Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Research Published in Endodontic Journals.","authors":"Benigno Miguel Calderón-Rojas, Diana-Margarita Córdova-Esparza, Julio-Alejandro Romero-González, Oscar Alejandro Gutiérrez-Alvarez, Daniel Durand-Herrera","doi":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.51288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/iej.v21i1.51288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim was to identify and analyse publication trends, bibliometric indicators, and research characteristics of artificial intelligence studies published in Endodontic journals. An advanced search was performed in \"Web of Science All Databases\" and \"Scopus\" employing the keywords \"Endodontics\", \"Endodontic\", \"Artificial Intelligence\", and \"AI\". Articles published in journals containing the terms <b>\"</b>Endodontic\", \"Endodontics\", or \"Endodontology\" were included. A total of 214 authors contributed to the 48 analyzed studies. MohammadRahimi, H., and Nosrat, A., were the most productive authors. The United States contributed the highest number of publications. The <i>Journal of Endodontics</i> was the primary outlet. Publications increased sharply between 2024 and 2025. Basic research predominated, with radiology as the dominant study field. Deep learning was the most frequently used AI methodology, particularly convolutional neural networks for radiographic diagnosis and segmentation. AI research in endodontics has expanded markedly in recent years, driven predominantly by advances in deep learning and imaging analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"e9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13111948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Types of Iatrogenic Errors in Root Canal Treatments Performed by Dental Students: A Retrospective Radiographic Study.","authors":"Zahraa Mazin Al-Hawwaz, Zainab Abdulkareem Maktoof, Ahmed Mustafa Abdulrahman","doi":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.51133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/iej.v21i1.51133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Root canal therapy is an essential part of dental care that has a high success rate, as reported under controlled conditions. Nevertheless, procedural errors can be present when conducted by undergraduate students and have a detrimental impact on treatment outcomes. To better endodontic education and clinical performance, the frequency and types of iatrogenic errors should be evaluated. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and the nature of iatrogenic errors during root canal treatments that are administered by undergraduate dental students in their fifth year.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>One hundred and twenty-five endodontically treated teeth were chosen randomly. The fifth-year dental students performed all the treatments using a standardized endodontic protocol. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative radiographs were assessed to find out iatrogenic errors, such as ledge, perforation, canal obstruction, separation of instruments, overfilling, underfilling, and voids. This descriptive study reports the frequency of errors without inferential statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Radiographic evaluation indicated that at least one of the iatrogenic errors during treatment was observed in 32.8% of the treated cases. The most common mistake was obturation voids, which were identified 11.2% of the total cases and were found mostly in the second premolars.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Root canal treatments that were carried out by undergraduates had a relatively high number of iatrogenic errors, with obturation errors being the most frequent. These results lead to the necessity of more effective clinical training, better supervision, and integration of more sophisticated endodontic procedures to minimize errors in the course of the procedure and enhance the quality of the treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"e13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13136707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnesium Phosphate Cements for Endodontic Applications: A Critical Review of Promise and Pitfalls.","authors":"Nishmitha N Hegde, Harshitha Somanatha, Chaithra Lakshmi V, Mithra N Hegde","doi":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.51073","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.51073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnesium phosphate cements (MPCs) have recently gained attention as potential materials for endodontic applications due to their rapid setting, favourable mechanical properties, and bioactive potential. Laboratory and preclinical studies indicate that MPCs can form apatite-like structures, exhibit good compressive strength, and support cell viability, suggesting promising biological interactions. However, several limitations remain unresolved. The acid-base setting reaction of MPCs is strongly exothermic, which may pose a risk to pulp or periapical tissues, and ammonium-containing formulations can release cytotoxic ammonia, although partial mitigation is possible through sodium phosphate substitution. Rapid setting enhances handling in controlled conditions but may complicate placement in complex root canal anatomies. While <i>in vitro</i> studies suggest comparable or superior sealing ability relative to conventional calcium silicate cements, human clinical evidence is minimal or absent. Degradation and resorption profiles of MPCs may further affect their suitability as scaffolds in regenerative endodontics. Overall, MPCs represent promising investigational materials, yet claims regarding clinical readiness are premature. Careful evaluation of their physicochemical behaviour, biological safety, and practical handling is essential before consideration for routine clinical use.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"e2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12900526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146201646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytocompatibility of Three Calcium Silicate-Based Biomaterials: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Sahar Shabani Panbeh Choleh, Mahmoud Heidari, Ezatolah Kazeminejad, Masoud Mohammadi, Abdolhalim Rajabi","doi":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.48350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/iej.v21i1.48350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To systematically evaluate and compare the <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxic effects of three calcium silicate-based cements [Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and Calcium Enriched Mixture (CEM) Cement], focusing on their biocompatibility with human dental pulp cells in vital pulp therapy (VPT).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, ProQuest, Wiley, and Ovid (including Embase) for <i>in vitro</i> studies published up to February 2023. Studies evaluating cytotoxicity via cell viability assays (<i>e.g</i>., MTT) were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 8,004 screened records, 32 studies met the inclusion criteria, with 11 included in the meta-analysis. Overall, no significant differences in cytotoxicity were identified among Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and Calcium-Enriched Mixture (CEM) cement. Nevertheless, undiluted MTA and Biodentine at a 1:4 dilution were associated with a statistically significant reduction in cell viability at 48 hours (<i>P</i><0.05). No other concentrations or exposure durations showed significant cytotoxic effects. CEM cement consistently demonstrated favorable biocompatibility across the included studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that MTA, Biodentine, and CEM cement generally exhibit acceptable <i>in vitro</i> biocompatibility for vital pulp therapy. Their biological responses may be influenced by material concentration and exposure duration, emphasizing the importance of careful and controlled clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"e12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13136708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Bioceramic Cements Versus Conventional Cements in the Prognosis of Endodontic Treatments in Patients with Apical Periodontitis: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ruby Melissa Portilla Mendoza, Maria Mihaela Iuga, Mario George Casaretto Gamonal","doi":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.50633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/iej.v21i1.50633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Successful management of apical periodontitis relies on effective root canal obturation to eliminate microbial activity and promote periapical healing. Bioceramic sealers have emerged as alternatives to conventional sealers due to their favorable biocompatibility and potential regenerative properties. However, their comparative clinical efficacy remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing bioceramic and conventional sealers. Three reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using the RoB 2.0 tool. The primary outcomes were apical healing and postoperative pain; secondary outcomes included adverse events and procedural complications. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 491 identified records, 12 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of four studies found no statistically significant difference in healing rates between bioceramic and conventional sealers (RR=1.05, 95% CI: 0.89-1.23, P=0.61; I²=0%). No major adverse events were reported. Although bioceramic sealers have theoretical advantages, the current evidence does not support their clinical superiority over conventional sealers, as the meta-analysis showed non-significant results and some methodological limitations were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bioceramic sealers appear to be clinically comparable to conventional sealers regarding periapical healing and postoperative outcomes. However, due to the limited and heterogeneous data, further high-quality RCTs with standardized outcome measures are needed to determine their relative effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"e11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13136706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex Dentoalveolar Trauma in a Growing Patient: Management of Avulsion and Alveolar Fracture.","authors":"Pourya Esmaeelpour, Maryam Forghani, Fatemeh Zourmand Ghasemi","doi":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.50396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/iej.v21i1.50396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) involving both tooth avulsion and alveolar fracture present significant clinical challenges, particularly in growing patients, where long-term restorative planning must accommodate ongoing craniofacial development. This report describes the multidisciplinary management of an 11-year-old boy who sustained avulsion of tooth #21 and an associated alveolar fracture following a sports-related injury. Clinical and cone-beam computed tomography evaluations revealed an alveolar segment fracture extending from teeth #12 to #21. The displaced segment was manually repositioned and stabilized using a flexible composite and wire splint. Subsequent loss of pulpal vitality in teeth #11 and #12 was managed by root canal treatment with interim calcium hydroxide therapy. Given the patient's incomplete skeletal growth, a minimally invasive Maryland bridge was selected to replace the missing tooth #21. Clinical and radiographic follow-up at 6 and 12 months demonstrated normal healing of the alveolar bone and periodontal structures, with no evidence of root resorption or ankylosis. Successful management of complex dentoalveolar trauma in growing patients requires early diagnosis, appropriate splinting, endodontic intervention when indicated, and growth-conscious prosthetic rehabilitation. Long-term follow-up is essential to monitor healing and plan future definitive treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"e10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13111946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cone-beam Computed Tomography Study of the Root Canal Morphology of Lower Incisors.","authors":"Nívia Mayally Duarte Oliveira, Wanderson Talles Do Nascimento, Cinthia Natali Pontes Dos Santos, Vinicius Gabriel Barros Florentino, Gustavo Pina Godoy, Inácio Ferraz Pinto Júnior, David Max Alves Soares, Luiz Felipe Siqueira Estima, Ana Maria Santos Perazzo Góes, Katarina Diniz Areias Carneiro De Albuquerque, Bárbara Laís Campos Teles, Jackeline Mayara Inácio Magalhães","doi":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.50408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/iej.v21i1.50408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The present study aims to evaluate the root canal morphology of permanent lower incisors by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) according to Vertucci's classification (1984), and to correlate the findings with sex, age group, and side of the dental arch.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a descriptive observational study that used a sample of mandibular CBCT scans performed between 2021 and 2024 at a private dental radiology service. When none of the Vertucci configurations was applicable, type 0 was assigned.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Type I was the predominant morphological configuration, followed by type III, for all variables analyzed. Regarding sex, type I was more common among females (71.1%), while type III accounted for 21.2% in both males and females. With respect to age, type I was more common among minors (76.8%), and type III among older adults (23.3%). The type I configuration was more frequently observed on the right side of the dental arch (70.3%), and type III on the left side (21.9%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The anatomical observations of the lower incisors highlight the need for careful analysis of their internal morphology during endodontic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"e8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13111947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}