Iranian Endodontic Journal最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Apical Sealing Performance of Bioceramic and Resin-Based Sealers: A Fluid Filtration Analysis.","authors":"Rohollah Havaei, Maryam Rasekhi, Neda Shekarchizadeh Esfahani, Mohammad Javad Tarrahi","doi":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.49787","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.49787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Achieving a three-dimensional seal in the apical, lateral, and coronal regions of the root canal is a key objective in endodontic treatment. This study aimed to compare the apical sealing ability of NeoSealer Flo, MTA-Fillapex, and AH-26 over different time intervals using the fluid filtration method.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this <i>in vitro</i> study, 58 single-rooted premolars (<i>n</i>=18 per group; 2 positive and 2 negative controls) were selected and prepared using the ProTaper system up to file F3. Canals were obturated with the single-cone technique using one of the three tested sealers. Apical microleakage was measured at 24 hours, 1 week, and 4 weeks using the fluid filtration method. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, ANCOVA, and Tukey's HSD post hoc test (<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that sealer type, time, and their interaction had a statistically significant effect on apical microleakage (<i>P</i><0.001). NeoSealer Flo showed the lowest and AH-26 the highest leakage values across all time intervals. In all three groups, microleakage decreased over time. This reduction was statistically significant from 24 hours to 1 week in the NeoSealer Flo and MTA-Fillapex groups (<i>P</i><0.001), and from 1 week to 4 weeks in the AH-26 group (<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within the limitations of this study, NeoSealer Flo demonstrated superior apical sealing ability at all time points. Under single-cone obturation conditions, bioceramic sealers such as NeoSealer Flo may provide more predictable long-term apical sealing compared to resin-based alternatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"e7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12900524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146201654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclic Fatigue Resistance, Macroscopic, Microscopic, and Elemental Analysis of Three Reciprocating Systems.","authors":"Pamela Capcha-Duymovich, María Percca-Condo, Jean Carlo Villar-Zapata, Wilfredo Escalante-Otárola, Antonio Denegri-Hacking, Fernando Córdova-Malca, Hernán Coaguila-Llerena","doi":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.51458","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.51458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance and the macroscopic, microscopic, and elemental characteristics of three reciprocating endodontic systems.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An <i>in vitro</i> experimental study was conducted with 3 groups (n=20): WaveOne Gold (WOG), Roll Wave Blue (RWB), and TF4 Gold (TF4). Cyclic fatigue resistance was assessed using a custom device with artificial curved canals and an endodontic motor operating in reciprocating motion. The fracture time (FT), in seconds, and the number of cycles to fracture (NCF) were the parameters evaluated in this analysis. Macroscopic analysis was performed using macro photography to assess the pitch, its distribution along the instrument, and the cutting edges. Microscopic analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine surface and cross-sectional features. Additionally, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to determine the elemental composition. Data from the cyclic fatigue analysis were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post hoc test (α=0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RWB showed the highest resistance to cyclic fatigue, with higher FT and NCF values. The pitch and its distribution differed among all groups. SEM analysis revealed a higher loss of cutting-edge sharpness on TF4 instruments and greater tip deformation on WOG when used. EDX analysis showed no significant differences in elemental composition among the systems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RWB demonstrated superior cyclic fatigue resistance. Additionally, the systems had similar chemical compositions but differed in performance, which could be associated with variations in their alloy characteristics, design, and heat treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"e18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13332820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148390943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Clinical Evidence of Long-term Hard-tissue Repair after Miniature/Tampon Pulpotomy: An Accidental Re-entry Case after Six Years.","authors":"Saeed Asgary, Leyla Roghanizadeh, Mohammad Jafar Eghbal","doi":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.52842","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.52842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vital pulp therapy (VPT) has become an established biologically-based treatment for preserving pulp vitality in mature permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Although long-term clinical success has been widely reported, direct clinical evidence demonstrating the biological outcome beneath the pulp-capping material years after treatment is exceptionally rare because successfully treated teeth seldom require re-entry. A mature mandibular first molar diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis associated with symptomatic apical periodontitis underwent a miniature pulpotomy. Because conventional hemostasis could not be achieved, the calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement tampon approach was used. Clinical and radiographic follow-up demonstrated resolution of symptoms, preservation of pulp sensibility, and progressive formation of a dentin bridge. Six years later, fracture of the coronal restoration necessitated restorative retreatment. Removal of the fractured restoration and residual CEM cement unexpectedly exposed the original pulpotomy site, revealing a continuous, mature mineralized dentin bridge that completely covered the pulp exposure. The tooth was conservatively restored, and one year later (seven years after the original treatment), it remained asymptomatic, responsive to pulp sensibility testing, and free of radiographic signs of periapical disease. This accidental re-entry provided a rare opportunity to directly visualize long-term hard-tissue repair following miniature pulpotomy with the CEM cement tampon approach. Together with sustained pulp vitality and complete periapical healing over seven years, this case provides uncommon clinical evidence supporting the long-term biological effectiveness of conservative VPT in mature permanent teeth.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"e24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13502307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148812938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Solvent Use on Dentinal Integrity and Filling Removal During Endodontic Retreatment: A Micro-Computed Tomography Study.","authors":"Pelin Zümrütel, Faruk Haznedaroğlu, Ali Keleş, Gülsüm Kutlu Basmacı","doi":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.52809","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.52809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study evaluated, using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), whether solvent use during endodontic retreatment influences dentinal defect formation and the removal of filling material compared with mechanical retreatment alone.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty extracted human mandibular molars were prepared and obturated using standardized protocols and randomly allocated to solvent-assisted retreatment or retreatment without solvent (n=10 per group). Micro-CT scans were obtained before treatment, after obturation, and after retreatment at a voxel size of 13.68 μm. Dentinal defects were assessed using axial images, and residual filling-material volume was measured three-dimensionally in the apical, middle, and coronal thirds. Between-group comparisons were performed using the Welch independent-samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate. Within-group comparisons were performed using the Friedman test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No dentinal defects were detected in any specimen (0/20). However, the exact 95% confidence interval indicated that a low-incidence effect could not be excluded. Residual filling material was detected in all canals after retreatment. No significant differences were observed between the solvent-assisted and non-solvent groups in residual filling-material volume at any canal third after adjustment for multiple comparisons (all adjusted <i>P</i>>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Under the conditions of this in vitro study, solvent use did not significantly improve filling-material removal compared with mechanical retreatment alone. No dentinal defects were detected in either group; however, the exploratory nature and limited sample size of the dentinal-defect analysis preclude excluding a low-incidence effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"e33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Three Glide-path File Systems in Double-curvature Simulated Canals: An <i>in Vitro</i> Study.","authors":"Vicente Barreto Peña, Carmen Rosa Garcia-Rupaya","doi":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.46173","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.46173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of three rotary glide-path file systems (ProGlider, Px-One, and Pro-path) in simulated canals with double curvature.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 78 new files (<i>n</i>=26 per system) were evaluated and divided into six groups according to canal curvature (30^° and 60^°). Artificial stainless-steel canals (19 mm long, 8 mm curvature radius) were used. All files were operated at 300 rpm and 2.0 Ncm torque using continuous rotation at room temperature (22±2 ^°C). Cyclic fatigue resistance was assessed by recording the time to fracture. Shapiro-Wilk and Levene's tests were performed to evaluate normality and homogeneity of variance, respectively. Data were analyzed using Welch's ANOVA and Games-Howell post hoc test (<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Pro-path system showed significantly greater fatigue resistance than Px-One and ProGlider at both 30^° and 60^° canal curvatures (<i>P</i><0.001). In 30^° canals, Pro-path exhibited a mean fracture time of 76.42±12.50 min, compared to 57.41±11.77 min for ProGlider and 49.84±14.77 min for Px-One. In 60^° canals, Pro-path again demonstrated superior performance (18.90±4.86 min), followed by ProGlider (5.71±1.23 min) and Px-One (4.70±1.20 min).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>these experimental conditions, Pro-path demonstrated significantly greater cyclic fatigue resistance than ProGlider and Px-One in double-curvature simulated canals. However, the absence of body temperature control and a static testing model limits clinical extrapolation. Further studies validating these findings under physiological conditions and dynamic kinematics are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"e14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13136705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional Analysis of Canal Transportation and Centering Ability of WaveOne Gold and ProTaper Next File Systems in Curved Root Canals.","authors":"Syeda Abeerah Tanveer, Robia Ghafoor","doi":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.44573","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.44573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Advances in endodontic instrumentation are centered around innovation of variable metallurgy and designs of endodontic files to reduce procedural errors. However, there is a lack of consensus in the literature with regard to the shaping ability of WaveOne Gold (WOG) and ProTaper next (PTN) endodontic file systems in the curved root canals. This study aimed to measure and compare the amount of canal transportation (CT) and centering ability (CA) in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of root canals prepared using the WOG file and PTN system using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of sixty single-rooted teeth with Type I Vertucci canal and moderate 10-30^° canal curvature according to AAE guidelines were collected and divided into two groups: Group 1: WOG system, Group 2: PTN. Baseline and post-operative CBCT scans were obtained for all the specimens using the same exposure parameters. The CT and CA of each root canal at 3, 6, and 9 mm, corresponding to the coronal, middle, and apical third, were calculated. The data was analyzed using SPSS. The level of significance was kept at 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the 6 mm level, The WOG system exhibited statistically less canal transportation (CT) in mesio-distal dimension compared to PTN (<i>P</i>=0.005). The direction of transportation was predominantly towards the distal and lingual aspects for both systems. The centering ability (CA) of WOG was statistically higher than that of PTN at 9 mm level (<i>P</i>=0.023). However, all measured transportation values for both systems fell within the clinically acceptable threshold of <0.15 mm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within the limitations of this <i>in vitro</i> study, both the WOG and PTN Next file systems prepared moderately curved root canals with clinically acceptable accuracy, maintaining canal transportation within a safe range. The observed statistical differences are of uncertain clinical significance given the measurement resolution of CBCT.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"e21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13332815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148390946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, Metallurgical Features, and Mechanical Behavior of Five Reciprocating NiTi Endodontic Systems: A Multimethod Analysis.","authors":"Gustavo Oliveira Campos, Jéssica Dornelas Silva, Vicente Tadeu Lopes Buono, Leandro de Arruda Dos Santos, Isabella Faria da Cunha Peixoto, Ana Cecília Diniz Viana","doi":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.48120","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.48120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This work aimed to examine the geometrical, metallurgical, and static mechanical properties of five reciprocating NiTi endodontic files with similar cross-sectional geometries.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Reciproc Blue, ProDesign R, V File, V+ File, and Univy One systems were evaluated using a multimethod approach including geometrical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, bending resistance, and torsional tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>R-phase was predominant in most instruments, while the Univy One system showed indications of a combined martensitic and R-phase structure. ProDesign R demonstrated superior flexibility, whereas Reciproc Blue and V File exhibited greater torsional resistance. Cross-sectional area was an important factor influencing the mechanical characteristics of the instruments, although metallurgical aspects appeared to influence the behavior of specific systems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Geometry and metallurgical characteristics influenced the observed static mechanical behavior of the evaluated reciprocating instruments. Instruments exhibiting higher proportions of martensite and R-phase demonstrated enhanced flexibility, while bending resistance was also strongly affected by cross-sectional geometry, highlighting the combined influence of material properties and design on mechanical performance. However, the findings should be interpreted within the limitations of static mechanical evaluation, since cyclic fatigue testing was not performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"e20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13332816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publishing Science That Matters: Iranian Endodontic Journal's New Era of Leadership in Endodontology.","authors":"Mohammad Jafar Eghbal, Saeed Asgary","doi":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.52507","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.52507","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"e19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13332819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148390922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution CBCT Evaluation of Second Mesiobuccal Canal Configuration According to Vertucci's Classification in Maxillary First Molars: An Iranian Population Study.","authors":"Shirin Alyan, Kiumars Nazari Moghaddam, Yaser Safi, Pegah Mehrabinia, Ali Kazemi","doi":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.52831","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.52831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study assessed the configuration of second mesiobuccal canals (MB2) of maxillary first molars according to Vertucci's classification in an Iranian population using high-resolution cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study evaluated 385 high-resolution CBCTs of maxillary first molars with three roots (276 females, 109 males). The scans were taken with 110 kVp, 12 mA, 5×5 mm field of view (FOV), and 100 µm (0.1 mm) voxel size. The configuration of MB2 was classified by Vertucci's classification. The relationship of canal types with gender and age group (2040 and 4159 years) was analyzed using Fisher's exact test with Monte Carlo simulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intraexaminer agreement was excellent (κ=0.91), and interexaminer agreement for complex configurations was substantial (κ=0.85). Type IV had the highest frequency (38.2%), followed by type II (22.3%), type VI (14%), type I (10.1%), type III (6.5%), type VII (4.4%), type VIII (2.9%), and type V (1.6%). The frequency of different types significantly varied between males and females (<i>P</i>=0.002) but was not significantly different between the two age groups (<i>P</i>>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this population, 61.1% of MB2 canals had type IV or higher. Although a significant gender-related association was observed for some configurations, this finding requires cautious interpretation due to the imbalanced sex distributions. Highresolution CBCT is useful in cases with suspected complex anatomy, but should be applied regarding as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principle.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"e34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Vertical Root Fracture Using Intentional Reimplantation and Radicectomy: A Case Report.","authors":"Henry Paul Valverde Haro, Adriana Denisse Erazo Conde","doi":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.52777","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v21i1.52777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report describes the management of a clinically suspected vertical root fracture (VRF) using intentional reimplantation combined with radicectomy and documents the 36-month outcome with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A 63-year-old man presented with spontaneous pain and intense pain on mastication associated with tooth 46. Clinical examination showed grade II mobility, positive percussion and buccal palpation, and an isolated 10-mm periodontal defect with bleeding and suppuration on the buccal aspect of the mesial root. Periapical radiography showed mesial-root underfilling and a radiolucency extending from the middle third towards the apex. Because preoperative CBCT was not obtained, VRF remained a clinical suspicion until direct visualization after extraction confirmed a fracture confined to the mesial root. Following atraumatic extraction, the fractured mesial root was resected at its cervical third; the apical 3 mm of the distal root were resected, ultrasonically retro-prepared, and sealed with Bio-C Repair. The tooth was replanted after an exact extraoral time of 11 minutes and stabilized with an X-shaped suture. At 2, 18, and 36 months, symptoms had resolved and periodontal, mobility, percussion, palpation, occlusal, and functional findings were favourable. CBCT at 36 months demonstrated complete periapical bone fill consistent with healing and no evidence of ankylosis or root resorption. Intentional reimplantation combined with radicectomy may be considered a tooth-preserving option in carefully selected multi-rooted teeth; this single case does not establish predictable effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"e32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}