Iranian Endodontic Journal最新文献

{"title":"Human Treated Dentin Matrix Hydrogel as a Drug Delivery Scaffold for Regenerative Endodontics.","authors":"Eman Mohamed Sedek, Hebatallah Soliman Barakat, Walid Ahmed Lotfy, Sybel Mohktar Moussa, Moustafa AbouShelib, Rania M El Backly","doi":"10.22037/iej.v17i4.35580","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v17i4.35580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The objective of the current study was to develop a human treated dentin matrix (hTDM) hydrogel for use as a scaffold to allow the controlled release of an antimicrobial agent for regenerative endodontics.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Human extracted teeth were treated <i>via</i> chemical demineralization using ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid solution to produce hTDM powder. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was conducted to determine the functional groups of hTDM, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to define the morphology/particle size of hTDM, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis was performed to identify the superficial apatite groups. Prepared hTDM powder was added to the amoxicillin-clavulanate mixture with a mass ratio of 1:1. Then, the combination was dripped into a 5% (w/v) calcium chloride solution. Antibiotic release profiles were evaluated for 14 days <i>via</i> high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hydrogel degradation properties were studied for 14 days using 10 mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Encapsulation efficiency was determined by HPLC, while minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of amoxicillin-clavulanate were determined against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (<i>E. faecalis</i>). The antibacterial activity of amoxicillin-clavulanate against <i>E. faecalis</i> was investigated for 14 days <i>via</i> agar diffusion test. Statistical analysis was performed with the Shapiro-Wilk test (<i>P</i>=0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>hTDM showed statistically a significant difference for percentage weight change (<i>P</i>=0.1). The encapsulation efficiencies for hTDM hydrogel with antibiotic and hydrogel with antibiotic was 96.08%±0.02 and 94.62%±0.11, respectively. MIC and MBC values of amoxicillin-clavulanate against <i>E. faecalis</i> were 2.4 µg/mL and 9.6 µg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial activity of antibiotic loaded hTDM hydrogels was significantly greater than loaded hydrogels alone by 31% after 4 days and 100% at 14 days, respectively (<i>P</i>≤0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This <i>in vitro</i> study showed antibiotic-loaded injectable hTDM hydrogel could be an alternative system to transfer antibiotic-based intracanal medicaments for use in regenerative endodontics.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"17 4","pages":"185-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4c/3c/IEJ-17-185.PMC9868998.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9182121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guided Endodontic Approach in Teeth with Pulp Canal Obliteration and Previous Iatrogenic Deviation: A Case Series.","authors":"Julia Mourão Braga Diniz, Henrique França Diniz Oliveira, Rodrigo Carvalho Pinto Coelho, Flávio Manzi, Fernanda Evangelista Silva, Vinícius Carvalho Machado, Antônio Paulino Ribeiro Sobrinho, Warley Luciano Fonseca Tavares","doi":"10.22037/iej.v17i2.36830","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v17i2.36830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulp canal obliteration (PCO) is a challenging clinical scenario in which canals must be located in progressively narrowing roots. Recently, proof of concept papers have, in parallel, introduced the combination of cone-beam computed tomography and surface scans for the construction of guides to pilot the negotiation and preparation of partially or completely obliterated pulp chambers and canals in anterior and posterior teeth. Authors' purpose is to describe the treatment approach for teeth with PCO and previous iatrogenic deviation using guided endodontic technique. The clinical cases reported here show that technological evolutions should make guided endodontic procedures more widespread because their execution is relatively fast and safe even in the cases of root canal deviation. Treatment of teeth with pulp canal obliteration with deviations or perforation may be more effective with designed 3D printed access guides that seems to be a safe and clinically feasible method to locate root canals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"78-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/11/f7/IEJ-17-78.PMC9868979.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10619031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Maxillary Lateral Incisor with Type V Canal Morphology: A Case Report.","authors":"Saide Nabavi,&nbsp;Mahla Rezaei,&nbsp;Sayeh Rahbaryfar","doi":"10.22037/iej.v17i2.36429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/iej.v17i2.36429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A detailed root canal morphology description is of utmost importance for the success of endodontic treatment. Therefore, clinicians require a thorough knowledge of the root canal anatomy and its variations and anomalies in all the tooth types. This study reports a permanent upper lateral incisor exhibiting an uncommon root canal system morphology: a single-rooted tooth with one main root canal bifurcating into two distinct root canals in the apical third, with two apical foramina (type V root canal morphology).</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"17 2","pages":"85-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f4/4a/IEJ-17-85.PMC9868976.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10628120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mandibular Second Premolar with Four Canals: A Case Report.","authors":"Soheil Niavarzi,&nbsp;Sholeh Ghabraei,&nbsp;Fatemeh Malekpour","doi":"10.22037/iej.v17i4.38604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/iej.v17i4.38604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mandibular second premolar can be considered one of the most challenging teeth to treat endodontically; due to the complexity of its root canal morphology and increased incidence of multiple canals. The knowledge of internal anatomy of root canals and their possible variations as well as use of magnification, <i>e.g.</i> operating microscope, radiographic examination and illumination, can increase the chances of finding additional canals and contribute to the success of endodontic treatment. The purpose of the current investigation is to report the successful endodontic treatment of a mandibular second premolar with 4 canals; all of them in one single root.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"17 4","pages":"209-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/26/fe/IEJ-17-209.PMC9868995.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9182122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Residual Debris and Smear layer After Root Canal Preparation by Three Different Methods: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study.","authors":"Nazanin Zargar, Mandana Naseri, Zeynab Gholizadeh, Pegah Mehrabinia","doi":"10.22037/iej.v17i3.36525","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v17i3.36525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigated the amount of debris and smear layer remaining followed chemomechanical preparation using three systems: ProTaper Universal, reciprocating SafeSider, and hand K-Flexofiles with scanning electron microscope (SEM).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty-five mandibular molars with mesiobuccal canal curvature (25 to 40^°) were extracted and divided into one control group (<i>n</i>=5), and three experimental groups (<i>n</i>=20) according to the preparation method; K-Flexofile, ProTaper Universal and SafeSider instruments. All canals were irrigated with 3 ml of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution and 3 mL of 17% EDTA. Subsequently, the canals were irrigated with 5 ml of normal saline. Then the teeth were examined under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn-Q Bonferroni, and Friedman tests were used for statistical analysis of results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>To assess the accumulation of debris, statistically significant differences were observed only in the coronal area among ProTaper Universal, SafeSider, K-Flexofile, and the control group. (<i>P</i>=0.029). To evaluate the residual smear layer amount, statistically significant differences were observed only in the coronal and middle areas, following the preparation of the canals using ProTaper Universal, SafeSider, and hand K-Flexofiles and control groups (<i>P</i>=0.019).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the present <i>in vitro</i> study, we can declare that the canals were utterly cleaned of debris and smear layer in none of the groups. Manual Flexofile and ProTaper Universal groups result in cleaner canal walls than reciprocal SafeSider, in the coronal and middle thirds.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"138-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c2/76/IEJ-17-138.PMC9869003.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10626792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regenerative Endodontic Treatment of a Traumatized Immature Necrotic Permanent Incisor: A Case Report.","authors":"Marisa Nogueira Alencar, Tatiana Carvalho Kowaltschuk, Alexandre Kowalczuck, Everdan Carneiro, Ulisses Xavier da Silva Neto, Vânia Portela Ditzel Westphalen","doi":"10.22037/iej.v17i3.36970","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v17i3.36970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current case report documents the clinical approach adopted for a traumatized immature necrotic permanent upper left central incisor after a bike accident. The treatment involved regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) using \"High Plasticity Mineral Trioxide Aggregate\" (MTA Repair HP) as a cervical barrier over blood clot. The preservation included three years of follow-up appointments of clinical evaluations and periapical digital radiographs. Cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) was taken at six and thirty-six months for the evaluation of root development.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"146-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f1/2c/IEJ-17-146.PMC9869012.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10626794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservative Treatment of an Infected Lateral Canal: A Case Report with a 4-Year Follow-up.","authors":"Masoud Parirokh, Nima Hatami","doi":"10.22037/iej.v17i3.37496","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v17i3.37496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Connective tissues in lateral canals mostly remain vital even after pulp necrosis of the main canals. However, lateral canals may become necrotic following the pulp necrosis of the main root canal or after root canal therapy. This case report presents a maxillary central incisor with a necrotic lateral canal and a sinus tract that initially showed healing following the primary endodontic treatment but showed infection after fiber-post placement and permanent restoration with composite resin. Tracing the sinus tract did not reveal the reason for the infection; however, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) confirmed a lateral radiolucency of the maxillary right central incisor as the only reason for the return of the infection. A conservative re-treatment approach was performed, replacing the fiber post with gutta-percha and root canal sealer. Successful outcome was achieved with a conservative approach; however, it took some time for the sinus tract to heal. In the case of lateral canal infection, sealing the main root canal space could heal the lesion even without lateral canal negotiation. If the main root canal seal is disturbed, re-cleaning and obturating the main root canal could be successful.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"156-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ab/71/IEJ-17-156.PMC9869010.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10632363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of Four Apex Locators in Premolars with Root Resorption: An <i>In vitro</i> Study.","authors":"Astrid López-Maekawa,&nbsp;Carmen Rosa García Rupay","doi":"10.22037/iej.v17i1.35498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/iej.v17i1.35498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of the present <i>in vitro</i> study was to compare the accuracy of the working length measurements of four foramen locators: Root ZX mini, Raypex 6, Woodpex III and Propex Pixi in uniradicular premolars with simulated root resorption.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>For this study, 30 single-rooted permanent premolars were selected. The samples were divided into two groups: 15 teeth with simulated external root resorption and 15 teeth with internal resorption. Each sample was immersed in containers with alginate covering only the root part. Measurements were acquired from the four foramen locators and compared with the working length measurements that have been previously obtained with the direct visual technique and the use of a Digital USB Microscope under 5×. Next, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test was applied. The ANOVA test and <i>t</i>-test for related samples were performed, in order to analyze the measurements obtained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the teeth with external resorption, no statistically significant differences in the measurements were obtained with Raypex 6 and Propex Pixi foramen locators, but there were statistically significant differences with Root ZX mini and Woodpex III Root Zx mini [Root Zx mini (<i>P</i>=0.040) and Woodpex III (<i>P</i>=0.000)]. On the other hand, in the samples with internal root resorption, there were no statistically significant differences in measurements with the Root ZX mini, Propex Pixi and Raypex 6 foramen locators. However, there were significant differences with Woodpex III.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on this <i>in vitro</i> study, Raypex 6 had the highest accuracy in premolars with simulated external resorption and Root ZX mini was the most accurate in teeth with simulated internal resorption. Furthermore, external root resorption affects the accuracy of foramen locators more than internal resorption.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4e/17/IEJ-17-20.PMC9868988.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9472130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dentine Thickness of Second Mesibuccal Canals in First Maxillary Molars Prepared with Rotary Instruments.","authors":"Maryam Forghani,&nbsp;Ali Hamedi,&nbsp;Monireh Khorasani,&nbsp;Siavash Moushekhian,&nbsp;Nasir Kheirabadi","doi":"10.22037/iej.v17i3.35487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/iej.v17i3.35487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the thickness of the remaining dentine wall in the danger zone of the second mesiobuccal (MB2) canals using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in maxillary first molars following preparation by means of HERO 642 rotary instruments with different tapers.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>The study samples included twenty-five mesiobuccal roots of maxillary first molars. A two-step method was employed to prepare the MB2 canals applying HERO 642 instruments: using a 0.02 taper (step 1), and a 0.04 taper (step 2). The roots were scanned before preparation, and after each step. The thickness of the dentine wall was recorded at the CEJ level, as well as 2 mm and 4 mm below the CEJ. The repeated-measures ANOVA in conjunction with the Cochran tests were used to compare the changes in the thickness of the root canal wall.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no area with dentine thickness of <0.5 mm before preparation. A significant reduction in dentine thickness occurred following the preparation with both 0.02 and 0.04 files at all three levels compared with the pre-instrumentation values (<i>P</i>< 0.05). However, areas with dentine thickness of < 0.5 mm after preparation using 0.04 files were significantly more than those resulting from the application of 0.02 files both at the CEJ and 2 mm-below-CEJ points, but the differences were not significant at the 4mm-below-CEJ level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within the limitations of the present in vitro study, the use of larger taper instruments in MB2 root canals of maxillary first molars increased the quantity of samples with dentine thickness less than 0.5 millimeter at the coronal level of the root canal. It was concluded that instruments with large tapers, should be used with caution in troughing or preparing such root canals to reduce the risk of strip perforation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"126-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c9/c6/IEJ-17-126.PMC9869008.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10632362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of A Clinical-Replicable Cooling Protocol on the Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Heat-Treated Nickel-Titanium Instruments.","authors":"Luana Heck, Theodoro Weissheimer, Pedro Henrique Souza Calefi, Murilo Priori Alcalde, Rodrigo Ricci Vivan, Ricardo Abreu da Rosa, Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte, Marcus Vinicius Reis Só","doi":"10.22037/iej.v17i3.37210","DOIUrl":"10.22037/iej.v17i3.37210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the bending and cyclic fatigue resistance of Wave One Gold (WOG) and X1 Blue (X1B) instruments when tested at body temperature (36°C ± 1°C) with and without subjected to an alloy cooling protocol.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of sixty instruments (n=30) were tested. Forty instruments (n=20) were randomly selected and divided into two groups: body temperature (BT; n=20) and body temperature with cooling protocol (CP; n=20). Cyclic fatigue test was performed until fracture in a conventional stainless-steel device with water bath equipment to simulate body temperature. CP group instruments were subjected to 5 seconds of spray cooling every 30 seconds. Time to fracture was recorded in seconds. Resistance to bending at an angle of 45 degrees was evaluated using twenty instruments (n=10). Fractured surfaces were examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed at a 5% significance level. Results: There was no difference in the cyclic fatigue resistance between instruments in BT groups (<i>P</i>>0.05). Cooling protocol significantly increased the cyclic fatigue resistance of X1B instruments (<i>P</i>=0.0003) and WOG instruments (<i>P</i>=0.0003).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>WOG instruments had a significantly lower cyclic fatigue resistance compared to X1B instruments in CP group (<i>P</i>=0.0001). There were no significant differences between the values of resistance increase presented by the instruments after cooling (<i>P</i>>0.05). Bending test presented no statistically significant differences between the tested instruments (<i>P</i>>0.05). Both instruments in both groups showed typical features of cyclic fatigue behavior under SEM.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>X1 Blue #25.06 and WaveOne Gold #25.07 instruments presented similar cyclic fatigue resistance. The investigated clinical-replicable cooling protocol improved the cyclic fatigue resistance of the tested instruments, with X1 Blue #25.06 presenting a greater cyclic fatigue resistance after cooling. Both instruments presented a similar bending capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14534,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Endodontic Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":"132-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/81/d8/IEJ-17-132.PMC9869009.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10626798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}