International Journal of Obesity最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of a health promotion program on overweight in vulnerable children from primary schools (BeE-school): A cluster-randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Juliana Martins, Cláudia Augusto, Maria José Silva, Ana Duarte, Silvana Peixoto Martins, Henedina Antunes, Paulo Novais, Beatriz Pereira, Paula Veiga, Rafaela Rosário","doi":"10.1038/s41366-024-01672-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-024-01672-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease with rising global prevalence. Considering its significant association with lower socioeconomic status, implementing obesity prevention programs in vulnerable school-age children is particularly pertinent. This cluster-randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a health promotion program on overweight in vulnerable children from primary schools.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The BeE-school study involved 735 children (51.7% boys, average age 7.7 (1.2) years old) from 10 primary schools in the Northern region of Portugal, identified as Educational Territories for Priority Intervention. After the initial assessment, the schools were randomized into two groups: one receiving the intervention (4 schools, n = 353) and the other not (6 schools, n = 382). The intervention included education and training teachers for 16 weeks, their implementation in the classroom, and giving families challenges every two weeks during this length of time. The program's effectiveness was assessed short-term, immediately post-intervention (for 95.5% of participants) and long-term, one year after (for 50.8%). We considered the difference in BMI z-scores (BMIz), waist-to-height ratio and waist-to-weight ratio, from baseline to post-intervention and follow-up assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In post-intervention, intervened children presented a significant reduction in all the three measures of adiposity: BMIz (B = -0.098, 95% CI: -0.156 to -0.040, p = 0.001), waist-to-height ratio (B = -0.007, 95% CI: -0.010 to -0.003, p < 0.001) and waist-to-weight ratio (B = -0.121, 95% CI: -0.193 to -0.048, p = 0.001). One year after the intervention ended the decrease in BMIz remained significant (B = -0.114, 95% CI: -0.213 to -0.015, p = 0.023).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusion: The school-based intervention, focusing on teacher training in health promotion and involving families, proved to be effective in improving body composition in socially vulnerable children.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and of its genetics on kidney function in childhood obesity.","authors":"Anna Di Sessa, Sarah Zarrilli, Gianmario Forcina, Vittoria Frattolillo, Ornella Camponesco, Claudia Migliaccio, Serena Ferrara, Giuseppina Rosaria Umano, Grazia Cirillo, Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice, Pierluigi Marzuillo","doi":"10.1038/s41366-024-01674-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-024-01674-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Evidence linked metabolic associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) to kidney damage with the potential contribution of the I148M variant of the Patatin-like phospholipase containing domain 3 (PNPLA3) gene. We aimed at investigating the relationship of MASLD and of its genetics with kidney function in children with obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive evaluation including genotyping for the I148M PNPLA3 polymorphism was performed in 1037 children with obesity. Fatty liver (FL) was assessed by liver ultrasound. According to MASLD criteria, subjects with obesity but without FL were included in group 1, while patients with obesity and FL (encompassing one MASLD criterion) were clustered into group 2. Group 3 included patients with obesity, FL, and metabolic dysregulation (encompassing >1 MASLD criterion).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Alanine transaminase levels significantly increased while estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) significantly reduced from group 1 to 3. Group 3 showed a higher percentage of carriers of the I148M allele of the PNPLA3 gene compared to other groups (p < 0.0001). Carriers of group 2 and of group 3 showed reduced eGFR levels than noncarriers of group 2 (p = 0.04) and of group 3 (p = 0.02), respectively. A general linear model for eGFR variance in the study population showed an inverse association of eGFR with both MASLD and PNPLA3 genotypes (p = 0.011 and p = 0.02, respectively). An inverse association of eGFR with MASLD was also confirmed only in carriers (p = 0.006).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The coexistence of more than 1 MASLD criterion in children with obesity seems to adversely affect kidney function. The PNPLA3 I148M allele further impacts on this association.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined lifestyle factors and metabolic syndrome risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yunyang Deng, Qingling Yang, Chun Hao, Harry Haoxiang Wang, Tongyu Ma, Xiangyan Chen, Fei-Wan Ngai, Yao Jie Xie","doi":"10.1038/s41366-024-01671-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-024-01671-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The metabolic syndrome is a complex condition influenced by many factors including lifestyle. Recently, more and more studies explored the relationships between combined lifestyle factors (often measured as lifestyle scores/indices) and metabolic syndrome due to the co-occurrence of these factors. These scores/indices considered potential interactions among lifestyle factors, offering a more comprehensive understanding of their relationship with metabolic syndrome. However, no review/meta-analysis has been conducted to summarize existing evidence. Thus, this study aimed to synthesize the associations between lifestyle scores/indices and metabolic syndrome in cross-sectional and cohort studies.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>A literature search was performed in Embase and Medline. Multivariable-adjusted estimates were synthesized using random-effects models. In research where higher scores indicated better health, we used original estimates directly. In studies where higher scores denoted poorer health, we first calculated the coefficients and standard errors based on original estimates. Afterward, we reversed coefficients' directions and recalculated new estimates. Thus, the pooled estimates compared the healthiest with the least-healthy lifestyles (the highest vs. lowest scores/indices). Subgroup analyses were conducted based on study design, region, baseline time, baseline age, sex, health status, metabolic syndrome diagnosis, and lifestyles' number. Sensitivity analyses were performed by including only high-quality studies and employing leave-one-out analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen studies from 16 publications were included. Physical activity, diet, and smoking were the top three included lifestyle factors. Compared to participants with the least-healthy lifestyles, those with the healthiest lifestyles had a 43% lower metabolic syndrome risk (95% confidence interval = 0.41-0.73). In subgroup analyses, healthy lifestyle scores/indices were inversely associated with both metabolic syndrome prevalence in cross-sectional studies (Odds ratio = 0.62; 95% confidence interval = 0.51-0.73) and metabolic syndrome incidence in cohort studies (Odds ratio = 0.40; 95% confidence interval = 0.11-0.68). The inverse association was consistent in other subgroup and sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adherence to a healthy lifestyle pattern was beneficial to metabolic syndrome prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of the understanding of obesity over the last 100 years.","authors":"Javier Gómez-Ambrosi, Victoria Catalán, Gema Frühbeck","doi":"10.1038/s41366-024-01668-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-024-01668-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The definition of obesity has evolved significantly over the last century, from a simplistic view of excessive eating and laziness to a complex, multifactorial disease with profound health and societal implications. As science progresses, it is essential that we keep improving our knowledge about obesity, taking into consideration, factors like genetics, metabolism, body composition, and the social determinants of health. This article explores how our understanding of this condition has been shaped over the last 100 years considering historical and scientific factors. The history and usefulness of the body mass index (BMI), the development of other anthropometric markers and the evolution in the incorporation of body composition into clinical practice, among other aspects related to the definition of obesity, are discussed. The challenges posed by obesity can be better addressed and more effective strategies for prevention and treatment can be developed adopting a more personalized and holistic approach. Obesity is not only a matter of individual responsibility but a multifaceted public health problem that requires a multidisciplinary and inclusive strategy to address its complexities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the evidence for health benefits of low-level weight loss: a systematic review.","authors":"Disha Dhar, Jessica Packer, Semina Michalopoulou, Joana Cruz, Claire Stansfield, Russell M Viner, Oliver T Mytton, Simon J Russell","doi":"10.1038/s41366-024-01664-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-024-01664-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals with excess weight are at a higher risk for various physical and mental health conditions. Interventions targeting weight loss can improve health, with modest weight loss of five to ten percent of body weight often considered clinically meaningful for enhancing health outcomes. However, the benefits of achieving low-level weight loss ( < 5% body weight) are poorly understood. We aimed to systematically review relevant literature and synthesise the evidence that assessed the potential health benefits of losing less than five percent body weight. We searched seven academic databases and included studies in any language, from any country, with no time constraints. We included any intervention studies that assessed the impact of less than five percent weight loss on any measured physical or mental health markers or indices. 70 studies from 68 articles were included, with study participants ranging from 14 to 10,742. In total, 137 health markers were assessed, categorised into metabolic markers (n = 42), cardiovascular markers (n = 32), anthropometric measures (n = 19), quality of life indices (n = 10), inflammatory biomarkers (n = 10), renal and hepatic markers (n = 9), psychosocial and behavioural measures (n = 8), pulmonary function (n = 3), total mortality (n = 2), ovulatory function (n = 1), and muscle strength (n = 1). Overall, 60% of studies reported improvements, 37% found no change or mixed results, and 3% observed a worsening of health markers or indices. Based on the available data, 87% of participants (n = 15,839) in the studies reported improvements in health markers or indices as a result of low-level weight loss. Our findings suggest that low-level weight loss can lead to various health benefits and challenges the conventional threshold for effective weight loss.Preregistration The review protocol was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023406342).</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of overweight, obesity, and long-term obesity with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a meta-analysis of 9 population-based cohorts from the Netherlands Cohorts Consortium.","authors":"Bette Loef, Jolanda M A Boer, Marian Beekman, Sophie L Campman, Emiel O Hoogendijk, Floris Huider, Demi M E Pagen, Marije J Splinter, Jeroen H P M van der Velde, Dorret I Boomsma, Pieter C Dagnelie, Jenny van Dongen, Eco J C de Geus, Martijn Huisman, M Arfan Ikram, Annemarie Koster, Silvan Licher, Jochen O Mierau, Renée de Mutsert, H Susan J Picavet, Frits R Rosendaal, Miranda T Schram, P Eline Slagboom, Evie van der Spoel, Karien Stronks, W M Monique Verschuren, Saskia W van den Berg","doi":"10.1038/s41366-024-01660-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-024-01660-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity may affect an individual's immune response and subsequent risk of infection, such as a SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is less clear whether overweight and long-term obesity also constitute risk factors. We investigated the association between the degree and duration of overweight and obesity and SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from nine prospective population-based cohorts of the Netherlands Cohorts Consortium, with a total of 99,570 participants, following a standardized procedure. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were assessed two times before the pandemic, with approximately 5 years between measurements. SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined by self-report as a positive PCR or rapid-antigen test or as COVID-19 ascertained by a physician between March 2020 and January 2023. For three cohorts, information on SARS-CoV-2 infection by serology was available. Results were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses and adjusted for age, sex, educational level, and number of SARS-CoV-2 infection measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m²) (odds ratio (OR) = 1.08, 95%-confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.13) or obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) (OR = 1.43, 95%-CI 1.18-1.75) were more likely to report SARS-CoV-2 infection than individuals with a healthy body weight. We observed comparable ORs for abdominal overweight (men: 94 cm≤WC < 102 cm, women: 80 cm≤WC < 88 cm) (OR = 1.09, 95%-CI 1.04-1.14, I² = 0%) and abdominal obesity (men: WC ≥ 102 cm, women: WC ≥ 88 cm) (OR = 1.24, 95%-CI 0.999-1.55, I² = 57%). Individuals with obesity long before the pandemic, but with a healthy body weight or overweight just before the pandemic, were not at increased risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overweight and obesity were associated with increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection with stronger associations for obesity. Individuals with a healthier weight prior to the pandemic but previous obesity did not have an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that weight loss in those with obesity reduces infection risk. These results underline the importance of obesity prevention and weight management for public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaping childhood obesity: behavioral and environmental risk factors associated with body mass index trajectories between 2 and 9 years in Samoan children.","authors":"Courtney C Choy, William Johnson, Take Naseri, Vaimoana Filipo, Maria Siulepa Arorae, Faatali Tafunaina, Folla Unasa, Kima Savusa, Muagututia S Reupena, Joseph M Braun, Rachel L Duckham, Christina Soti-Ulberg, Stephen T McGarvey, Nicola L Hawley","doi":"10.1038/s41366-024-01665-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-024-01665-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objective: </strong>Pacific children are at high obesity risk, yet the behavioral and environmental factors that contribute to obesity development in this setting remain poorly understood. We assessed associations between childhood risk factors for obesity with body mass index (BMI) trajectories between ages 2-9 years in Samoa.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>In a prospective cohort of 485 children from 'Upolu, we measured weight and height at ages 2-4 (2015), 3.5-8 (2017-18), and 5.5-11 years (2019-20). Modern dietary pattern adherence was assessed using factor analysis of primary caregiver-reported food frequency questionnaire data. Physical activity was estimated with the Netherlands Physical Activity Questionnaire. Socioeconomic resources were assessed using an 18-item household asset score. Urbanicity was based on village residence. Associations of these risk factors with predicted weight, height, and BMI (at 1-year intervals and velocity) were assessed using multilevel cubic spline regressions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Females had greater adjusted weight velocity with high modern dietary pattern adherence compared to low (p-value for interaction with age spline term 1 = 0.028 and age spline term 2 = 0.007). Starting at age 3 years, children with higher physical activity had higher BMI, but this association was not meaningful up to age 9 (all p-value > 0.05). Males with very high compared to low household assets had higher BMI from age 2 to 4 years (95% CI: 0.26-1.53 kg/m², p = 0.006) and greater BMI velocity (p-value for interaction with age spline term 2 = 0.001). Males in the urban region had the greatest BMI gain after age 5 compared to the rural region (p-value for interaction with age spline term 2 = 0.014).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High, centile-crossing BMI trajectories suggest that obesity prevention and intervention are needed among Samoan children before age 9 years. Positive associations between high modern dietary pattern adherence, greater asset ownership, and urbanization offer initial insights into who, and which behavioral risk factors, should be prioritized in implementing public health solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"U.S. weight trends: a longitudinal analysis of an NIH-partnered dataset.","authors":"Dawda Jawara, Craig M Krebsbach, Manasa Venkatesh, Jacqueline A Murtha, Bret M Hanlon, Kate V Lauer, Lily N Stalter, Luke M Funk","doi":"10.1038/s41366-024-01661-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-024-01661-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is a major public health challenge in the U.S. Existing datasets utilized for calculating obesity prevalence, such as the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), have limitations. Our objective was to analyze weight trends in the U.S. using a nationally representative dataset that incorporates longitudinal electronic health record data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the National Institutes of Health All of Us Research Program (AoU) dataset, we identified patients aged 18-70 years old who had at least two height and weight measurements within a 5-year period from 2008 to 2021. Baseline and most recent BMI values were used to calculate total body weight (%TBW) changes. %TBW change predictors were determined using multivariable linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 30,862 patients (mean age 48.9 [ ± 12.6] years; 60.5% female). At the 5-year follow-up, the prevalences of obesity and severe obesity were 37.4% and 20.7%, respectively. The frequency of patients with normal weight or overweight BMI who gained ≥5% TBW at follow-up was 37.8% and 33.1%, respectively. Nearly 24% of the cohort lost ≥ 5% TBW, and 6.5% with severe obesity lost weight to achieve a BMI < 30 kg/m². In adjusted analyses, male sex (-1.10%, 95% CI [-1.36, -0.85]), non-Hispanic Asian race/ethnicity (-1.69% [-2.44, -0.94]), and type 2 diabetes (-1.58% [-1.95, -1.22]) were associated with weight loss, while obstructive sleep apnea (1.80% [1.40, 2.19]) was associated with weight gain.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This evaluation of an NIH-partnered dataset suggests that patients are continuing to gain weight in the U.S. AoU represents a unique tool for obesity prediction, prevention, and treatment given its longitudinal nature and unique behavioral and genetic data.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between body shape index and arterial stiffness: results of the EVasCu study and a meta-analysis.","authors":"Alicia Saz-Lara, Iván Cavero-Redondo, Nerea Moreno-Herráiz, Elena Rescalvo-Fernández, Carlos Berlanga-Macías, María Medrano, Rosa María Fuentes Chacón, Carlos Pascual-Morena","doi":"10.1038/s41366-024-01663-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-024-01663-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to analyse the association between body shape index (ABSI) and arterial stiffness in healthy subjects using data from the EVasCu study. In addition, a meta-analysis was performed to compare the association between ABSI and central, peripheral and systemic arterial stiffness in the general population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The EVasCu study included 390 healthy subjects. ABSI was calculated from waist circumference, body mass index and height, and arterial stiffness was assessed with aortic pulse wave velocity (a-PWv) and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). A meta-analysis of previous studies, including data from the EVasCu study, was performed to obtain pooled estimates of correlation coefficients (r) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association between ABSI and central, peripheral and systemic arterial stiffness. In addition, pooled OR estimates and their 95% CIs were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the EVasCu study, the correlation coefficient estimate was 0.458 (p < 0.01) for the association of a-PWv and ABSI and 0.408 (p < 0.01) for the association of CAVI and ABSI. In the meta-analysis, the pooled correlation coefficient estimate was 0.22 (95% CIs: 0.16, 0.28) for central arterial stiffness and ABSI, 0.21 (95% CIs: 0.14, 0.28) for peripheral arterial stiffness and ABSI, and 0.28 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.3) for systemic arterial stiffness and ABSI. When pooled ORs were calculated, the pooled OR estimate was 2.12 (95% CIs: 1.68, 2.56) for central arterial stiffness and ABSI, 2.21 (95% CIs: 1.81, 2.60) for peripheral arterial stiffness and ABSI, and 2.99 (95% CIs: 2.14, 3.85) for systemic arterial stiffness and ABSI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on both the results obtained in the EVasCu study and the meta-analysis, there is a positive association between ABSI and arterial stiffness, both in healthy subjects and in participants with comorbidities. For each unit of cm/kg/m²/m increase in ABSI, the risk of arterial stiffness increased by 112% for central arterial stiffness, 121% for peripheral arterial stiffness, and 199% for systemic arterial stiffness. However, further research is needed in this field of knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142521882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary patterns among European children and their association with adiposity-related outcomes: a multi-country study.","authors":"Sarah Warkentin, Nikos Stratakis, Lorenzo Fabbri, John Wright, Tiffany C Yang, Maria Bryant, Barbara Heude, Remy Slama, Parisa Montazeri, Marina Vafeiadi, Regina Grazuleviciene, Anne Lise Brantsæter, Martine Vrijheid","doi":"10.1038/s41366-024-01657-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-024-01657-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objective: </strong>Children's diets in school-age are inherently unhealthy, with few meeting dietary recommendations. Yet, little is known about similarities and differences on dietary patterns across countries and their association with obesity. We aimed to derive dietary patterns in childhood and explore their association with adiposity-related outcomes in childhood and adolescence.</p><p><strong>Subjcts/methods: </strong>This study included data from six European countries (Spain, France, UK, Greece, Lithuania and Norway) during childhood (n = 1597) and adolescence (n = 803). Using a food frequency questionnaire, we derived data-driven dietary patterns through exploratory factor analyses and calculated the Mediterranean KIDMED index. We assessed body mass index z-score (zBMI), fat mass proportion and waist-to-height ratio at both visits. Associations were estimated using generalized linear regressions, adjusted for key-confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>\"Meat\", \"Dairy\", \"Western\", \"Healthy\" and \"Sweets and fats\" dietary patterns were derived. Norwegian children showed better diet quality, with higher consumption of fruits and vegetables, and highest \"Healthy pattern\" adherence, and Lithuanian children, the worst, with higher sweets consumption, and highest \"Western pattern\" adherence. Children with lower intake of healthy foods (vegetables, fruits, fish) tended to have higher adiposity, e.g., children with average or low \"Healthy pattern\" adherence (vs. high) had higher fat mass proportion in childhood (average: β (95% CI) 1.44 (0.48; 2.39), low: 1.10 (0.09; 2.12)). Low adherence to a \"Healthy pattern\" (vs. high) was associated with increased adolescent zBMI, and child and adolescent waist-to-height ratio. Low \"Dairy pattern\" adherence (vs. high), was associated with lower zBMI and fat mass in childhood, but not in adolescence. No significant associations were seen with the KIDMED index.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Many European children have poor diets and a low adherence to a healthy diet pattern may be of concern for adiposity-related outcomes. Assessment of children's dietary patterns can help tailor dietary advice and provide support for families aiming to prevent future excess weight gain.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142500443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}