International Journal of Obesity最新文献

{"title":"Metabolic health is a stronger determinant than obesity for cardiovascular disease incidence: a meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies.","authors":"Zeinab Ghorbani, Sepideh Soltani, Dagfinn Aune, Nafiseh Khandouzi, Morvarid Noormohammadi, Asma Kazemi","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02237-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02237-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Overweight and obesity are established risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), yet heterogeneity in metabolic health among individuals with varied body mass index (BMI) complicates risk assessment. This systematic-review and meta-analysis of cohort studies investigated the risk of combined BMI-metabolic health phenotypes in relation to CVDs. PubMed and Scopus were searched up to January 2025. Metabolic phenotypes were defined as individuals with metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy overweight (MHOW), metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), and their metabolically unhealthy counterparts, were analyzed for associations with CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and heart failure (HF). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95%confidence intervals (95% CIs) were pooled using random-effects models. Fifty-one publications (44 studies) were included. Compared with MHNW individuals, individuals with metabolically unhealthy obesity exhibited significantly higher risks across all cardiovascular outcomes with HRs of 2.10 (1.85-2.40) for CVD, 1.97 (1.71-2.27) for CHD, 2.20 (1.75-2.76) for MI, 1.55 (1.38-1.78) for stroke, and 2.05 (1.65-2.54) for HF. There was a positive dose-response relationship between both higher BMI and poor metabolic health and risk of CVD, CHD, MI, and HF incidence, however, associations for metabolically unhealthy normal weight subjects often exceeded that of metabolically healthy obese subjects. For stroke, poor metabolic health appears to be a primary determinant of risk. In conclusion, worsening metabolic health and higher BMI independently associated with increased CVD, CHD, MI, and HF risk, with their combination posing the greatest risk, while stroke risk was mainly associated with metabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adipose tissue transcriptome before and after surgery: effects on genes driving lipid metabolism, inflammation, and RNA processing.","authors":"Prince Dadson, Maria K Jaakkola, Lihua Sun, Riku Klén, Tomi Suomi, Maija Vaittinen, Ioanna A Anastasiou, Henri Honka, Heidi Immonen, Robert M Badeau, Paulina Salminen, Mika Helmiö, Anne Roivainen, Laura Pekkarinen, Kari K Kalliokoski, Eleni Rebelos, Vesa M Olkkonen, Pirjo Nuutila","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02243-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02243-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Obesity, marked by excess adipose tissue, is strongly associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. Metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) leads to significant and sustained weight loss and improves metabolic profiles in persons with severe obesity. However, how MBS induces persistent transcriptional changes in adipose tissue and their contributions to cardiometabolic improvements remain unclear. This study examined subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue transcriptome profiles in people with severe obesity, tracking changes in SAT after MBS, with a focus on lipid metabolism, inflammation, RNA processing, and cholesterol handling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 42 women with severe obesity undergoing MBS and 15 sex-matched healthy people without obesity as controls. Targeted RNA expression profiling was performed on SAT and VAT samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In people with obesity, SAT showed higher expression of genes related to adipocyte function, anti-inflammatory markers, extracellular matrix remodeling, lipid metabolism, cell-death regulation, oxidative stress protection, mRNA processing, and cholesterol handling compared to VAT. In contrast, VAT showed elevated expression of genes linked to inflammation, complement activation, stress signaling, cell death, lipid biosynthesis, and mRNA processing. Compared with controls, SAT in obesity showed increased inflammatory and stress-response gene expression and upregulation of RNA processing regulators, but reduced de novo lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis. Following MBS, SAT showed restored expression of lipogenic and adipogenic genes alongside downregulation of inflammatory, cholesterol biosynthesis, and splicing-factor genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate SAT and VAT remodeling in obesity and show that MBS partially reverses transcriptional changes in SAT, providing mechanistic insight into its metabolic benefits. They also highlight the need for targeted therapeutic strategies to more fully restore adipose tissue function and improve long-term metabolic outcomes.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong></p><p><strong>Gov registration numbers: </strong>NCT00793143 and NCT01373892.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding pathophysiology of gallstone disease: a multi-omic analysis focused on adult women with obesity.","authors":"Jacqueline B Hoozemans, Patrick A de Jonge, Maimoena S S Guman, Sylke Haal, Ömrüm Aydin, Abraham S Meijnikman, Fredrik Bäckhed, Maurits de Brauw, Yair I Z Acherman, Max Nieuwdorp, Albert K Groen, Victor E A Gerdes","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02232-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02232-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gallstone disease has a complex, multifactorial pathophysiology. Both the gut microbiome and the liver have been implicated as potential contributors. Because obesity is associated with alterations in gut microbial composition and is itself a risk factor for gallstone formation, we investigated the relative roles of the gut microbiome, the liver, and adipose tissue in gallstone disease in female patients with obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From the BARIA cohort, 108 consecutive female patients with obesity were included, of whom at baseline 39 had ultrasound proven gallstones (cases), whereas 69 did not have gallstones (controls). Fecal shotgun metagenomics, untargeted fasting plasma metabolomic analysis, and bulkRNAseq transcriptome analyses of liver, visceral (VAT), and subcutaneous (SAT) biopsies (taken during surgery) were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Especially VAT showed differences in expression of 57 genes, whereas liver gene expression revealed differences only after secondary analysis. In contrast to other publications, in liver \"classic\" ABC transporter gallstone genes were not identified in this cohort. Instead, the cholesterol transporter ABCG1 emerged, and expression was decreased in patients with gallstone disease. Plasma metabolomic profiling demonstrated increased levels of primary and secondary bile acids in the gallstone group. In contrast, gut microbiome differences between groups were limited.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This integrated multi-omics analysis suggests that visceral adipose tissue may play a more prominent role in gallstone disease pathophysiology in women with obesity than previously appreciated. The observed selective molecular alterations and persistent bile acid differences highlight the complex metabolic interplay underlying gallstone formation and provide insight into tissue-specific mechanisms associated with obesity-related gallstone disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum vitamin D levels and health outcomes in pediatric population with obesity/overweight: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Alia Iftikhar, Muhammad Rehman Iftikhar, Muhammad Rehan Iftikhar, Alishba Malik","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02231-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02231-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Because 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol is lipophilic, children with obesity/overweight are at increased risk of its deficiency, potentially leading to health issues such as compromising bone mineralization and cardiometabolic health.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our goal was to assess the impact of 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol supplementation on serum Vitamin D levels and various health parameters such as BMI and cardiovascular risk markers.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Data were extracted from PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. Following search string was used in each database: (Vitamin D OR 25(OH)D OR cholecalciferol) AND (Obese OR Overweight) AND (randomized trial OR RCT OR intervention) AND (children OR adolescent OR pediatric). Clinical trials assessing the impact of 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol D supplementation in pediatric populations with overweight or obesity, regardless of formulation, dosage, or duration, were included. A total of 24 studies were included in the systematic review, of which 11 randomized controlled trials were eligible for meta-analysis. The included studies' quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB-2) tool. Primary outcome was serum Vitamin D levels while secondary outcomes include cardiovascular risk markers, lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, and change in BMI. Follow-up done at 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks, 26 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Supplementing with 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol significantly raised the levels of serum vitamin D in children with obesity/overweight. No adverse events occurred following supplementation. Decrease in BMI, serum triglycerides and inflammatory markers were observed but its effects on metabolism and cardiovascular health remained insignificant. According to meta-analysis, vitamin D supplementation (interventional) arm group differed from the placebo by a standardized mean difference of 3.12 ng/ml (95% CI:1.72-4.52).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vitamin D supplementation in children with overweight /obesity correct the deficiency and significantly raise Vitamin D levels with no adverse events. To assess effective therapies to enhance metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes in the pediatric population with overweight/obesity, new trials should be conducted.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity during pregnancy and the risks of excessive gestational weight gain and large-for-gestational-age: a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies.","authors":"Ziqin Lin, Liuwei Zhang, Hongjuan Li, Yijia Ren, Xiaotong Dai, Huixuan Zhou, Cailiang Zhou, Ran Li","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02236-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02236-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Existing studies have established associations between physical activity and excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants. However, the dose-response relationships have been overlooked.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies on the associations between physical activity and EGWG/LGA were searched from eight databases, and 34 independent studies were finally included for eligibility. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and publication bias was examined with Begg's and Egger's tests. Physical activity volume was harmonized to the common unit of MET-h/week. Restricted cubic splines were employed to model the dose-response relationship. All analyses were performed using Stata 16.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the lowest level of physical activity, pregnant women with the highest level of physical activity had a 30% lower risk of EGWG and a 16% lower risk of delivering an LGA infant. A linear relationship was observed both throughout pregnancy and within specific trimesters. Overall, pregnant women who accumulated 10, 20, and 50 MET-h/week of physical activity had 4%, 9%, and 20% lower risks of EGWG, respectively. No significant dose-response association was observed during the second trimester. In contrast, during the third trimester, the corresponding reductions in EGWG risk were 8%, 16%, and 35%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher levels of physical activity were associated with a reduced risk of EGWG and LGA. A linear dose-response relationship between physical activity and EGWG was observed overall, particularly during the third trimester, highlighting the importance of maintaining adequate physical activity throughout pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disrupted daily rhythms in light exposure and wrist temperature are associated with metabolic risk markers and obesity.","authors":"Ivan Dozzani, María Rodríguez-Martín, Hassan S Dashti, Céline Vetter, Jesualdo T Fernández-Breis, J C Florez, Richa Saxena, Frank A J L Scheer, Marta Garaulet","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02225-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02225-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Light exposure is the primary external synchronizer of the body's internal clocks and daily rhythms. This study investigated whether light exposure and wrist temperature real-life 24-h rhythms are associated with obesity and metabolic risk markers in a large cohort of healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>A total of 809 individuals from the ONTIME-MT study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03036592) were included. Mean age was 37.47 ± 14.24 years, mean BMI was 25.75 kg/m², and 71% were women. Daily light exposure and wrist temperature were continuously monitored over seven consecutive days under free-living conditions. Principal component analysis was used to identify factors capturing circadian-related functioning.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Healthy adults of European descent from a Spanish cohort assessed in an ambulatory setting.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Obesity-related and metabolic risk parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three factors emerged in both the light exposure and wrist temperature rhythm domains, explaining approximately 73% and 80% of the total variance. In both domains, Factor 1 accounted for the largest proportion of variance (≈41-42%) and reflected overall rhythm robustness, characterized by higher relative amplitude and greater interdaily stability, together with average light exposure or wrist temperature levels. Higher light exposure Factor 1 was associated with lower serum triglyceride concentrations (P = 0.013). Wrist temperature Factor 1 was associated with lower BMI and body fat percentage in women, as well as lower insulin, HOMA-IR and triglyceride levels, and higher HDL-cholesterol (all P < 0.05). Mediation analyses showed that interdaily stability of wrist temperature rhythms may affect the association between light exposure stability and triglyceride levels, accounting for approximately 11% of the total effect (P = 0.021).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this large real-life cohort, less robust daily rhythms of light exposure and wrist temperature were consistently associated with adverse metabolic profiles. These findings highlight the potential of circadian-related markers derived from wearable technologies as non-invasive indicators of metabolic risk.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>ONTIME-MT study; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03036592.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts from the 11th UK Congress on Obesity (UKCO).","authors":"Jordan D Beaumont","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02216-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02216-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149148930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eating speed in complementary fed infants: associations with energy intake, weight status, breastfeeding, baby food pouch use and baby-led weaning.","authors":"Alice M Cox, Anne-Louise M Heath, Jillian J Haszard, Cathryn A Conlon, Kathryn L Beck, Pamela R von Hurst, Lisa A Te Morenga, Lisa Daniels, Emily A Jones, Ioanna Katiforis, Kimberley J Brown, Madeleine Rowan, Maria Casale, Neve H McLean, Bailey R Bruckner, Rosario M Jupiterwala, Rachael W Taylor","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02234-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02234-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although eating quickly may promote excess energy intake and is associated with unhealthy weight in children, little research has investigated eating speed in infants.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe relationships between eating speed and energy intake, weight status and feeding practices in infants aged 7-10 months.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eating speed was assessed in 625 infants (First Foods New Zealand observational study) using three methods: (i) two 24-h diet recalls; (ii) the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire 'slowness in eating' subscale; and (iii) one filmed eating occasion (n = 205). The recalls also measured daily energy intake from complementary food. Infant length and weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI) z-scores calculated (WHO Child Growth Standards). Data on baby food pouch use, baby-led weaning (BLW) and breastfeeding were collected by questionnaire. Infants were defined as 'frequent pouch users' if they consumed food from a pouch 5+ times/week during the past month. 'Full' BLW was defined as the infant 'mostly' or 'always' feeding themselves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Slower eating was associated with lower energy intake from complementary food (mean difference: -125 kJ/day, 95% CI [-178, -71] for each 1 unit increase in 'slowness in eating' score). Compared to spoon-fed infants, 'full' BLW infants were slower eaters (diet recall, adjusted mean difference, -3 kJ/min [-6, -1]; video, -14 kJ/min [-23, -5]; 'slowness in eating', standardised mean difference, 0.6 SD [0.5, 0.8], indicating a moderate effect). Breastfed infants ate more slowly than formula-fed infants (diet recall, adjusted mean difference, -3 kJ/min [-6, -1]; video, -9 kJ/min [-17, -1]; 'slowness in eating', standardised mean difference, 0.3 SD [0.1, 0.5]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Slower eating in infancy is associated with breastfeeding and lower daily energy intake from complementary food, but not weight status or frequent pouch use. Infants who usually feed themselves are slower eaters than those who are usually spoon-fed.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (registration number: ACTRN12620000459921; website: http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=379436 ).</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bariatric surgery and risk of dementia and Parkinson's disease in patients with obesity.","authors":"Suhail I Shiekh, Dimitris Papamargaritis, Jonathan Goldney, Gema Hernandes, Melanie J Davies, Kamlesh Khunti, Thomas Yates, Francesco Zaccardi","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02222-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02222-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to evaluate the association between bariatric surgery (BS) and the incidence of dementia and Parkinson's disease. To assess consistency with established benefits of BS, we examined its association with cardiovascular disease, obesity-associated cancers, and all-cause mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a longitudinal cohort study using electronic health records from TriNetX network. Patients aged ≥16 years with at least one BMI record of ≥35 kg/m² between 1st Jan 2005 and 31st Dec 2022 were included. The exposed cohort included those who underwent a BS; the unexposed cohort included everyone without BS. The index date was the earliest date for BS up to 6 months after a BMI of ≥35 kg/m² for the exposed, and the earliest encounter code up to 6 months after a BMI of ≥35 kg/m² for the unexposed. Individuals were 1:1 matched using propensity score matching on covariates age at index date, gender, ethnicity, race, BMI, hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol, and history of neurological diseases. Cox proportional hazards regressions were performed for each outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After matching, there were 32,552 individuals each in the BS and non-BS group. The median follow-up was 4.7 years in individuals with BS and 5.9 years in those without. Compared to the non-BS group, individuals who underwent BS had significantly reduced incidence rates of dementia (hazard ratio 0.48, 95% CI: 0.39-0.58) and Parkinson's disease (0.70; 0.51-0.96). Similar associations were observed for CVD (0.53; 0.51-0.56); obesity-associated cancers (0.66; 0.60-0.72) and all-cause death (0.46; 0.41-0.51). Survival probability at 20-years was 84.7% (95% CI: 71.1-92.3%) in the BS group vs 81.8% (77.5-85.4%) in those without.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BS was associated with a lower incidence of dementia and Parkinson's disease in individuals with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m², in addition to reducing CVD, obesity-associated cancers, and mortality, suggesting potential neuroprotective and systemic health benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149127450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are associations of childhood body mass index trajectories with early-onset coronary heart disease modified by parental history of cardiovascular disease?","authors":"Julie Aarestrup, Elisabeth W Andersen, Gilad Twig, Rikke K Jacobsen, William Johnson, Lise G Bjerregaard, Jennifer L Baker","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02239-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02239-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although body size in early life indicates later cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks it remains unknown whether parental CVD alters this risk. We examined if parental CVD history modifies the association between offspring childhood body mass index (BMI) trajectories and early-onset coronary heart disease (CHD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 66,906 females and 71,479 males from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register, born 1952-1996, with weight and height measurements at 6-15 years. Five sex-specific childhood BMI trajectories were examined in relation to register-based CHD diagnoses (≥25 years). Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by ages 25-44, 45-54, and ≥55 years using Cox regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During follow-up, 1642 females and 3456 males were diagnosed with CHD. Parental CVD did not modify the associations between childhood BMI trajectory and CHD. In models adjusted for parental CVD, compared with the average BMI trajectory, female offspring with the overweight (HR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.21-2.26) and obesity (2.28, 1.49-3.49) BMI trajectories had increased hazards of CHD only at 25-44 years. The corresponding estimates for males were 1.70 (1.36-2.12) and 2.23 (1.61-3.09). Among males, associations were evident at 45-54 years, but no associations were found at ≥55 years in either sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individuals with the obesity childhood BMI trajectory had a more than 2-fold increased hazard of early-onset CVD, even when accounting for parental CVD. With the rise in early-onset CVD, our findings highlight excess childhood adiposity as an important contributor to the early disease origins and reinforce the importance of addressing the growing obesity burden of childhood obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149108771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}