International Journal of Obesity最新文献

{"title":"From measured BMI to documented obesity in hospitalized adults: a decade-long analysis and implications for cardiometabolic care.","authors":"Ido Avivi, Daniel D Zelmanoff, Netanel Golan, Yaron Arbel","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02201-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02201-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Obesity contributes substantially to cardiometabolic and overall morbidity and mortality, yet remains underdiagnosed in clinical practice. We aimed to assess discharge documentation rates of obesity among hospitalized patients with elevated body mass index (BMI) and compare these with coding rates of other cardiometabolic risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of adults hospitalized between 2013 and 2023 with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² and no prior coded obesity or bariatric surgery. Obesity and metabolic comorbidities were identified via ICD-9 codes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 42,243 eligible adults (mean age 60.9 ± 16.9 years; 49.7% women; mean BMI 33.9 ± 3.9 kg/m²), only 10.6% had obesity documented at discharge. The likelihood of coding increased by 17% for each additional BMI unit (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.16-1.18). Documentation was associated with higher utilization of obesity-related care, including metabolic clinic attendance (OR 2.26, 95% CI 2.05-2.49), bariatric surgery (OR 3.51, 95% CI 2.74-4.51), and GLP-1 receptor agonist prescriptions (OR 3.44, 95% CI 2.76-4.28). In comparison, diabetes was documented in 59.7% of patients with HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, and severe dyslipidemia in 39.0% of those with LDL-C ≥ 190 mg/dL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite being objectively measurable, obesity remains substantially underdocumented compared with other cardiometabolic risk factors. Documentation was associated with greater uptake of metabolic clinic visits, bariatric surgery, and GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy. As effective obesity treatments become routine practice, closing this documentation gap is a prerequisite for translating measured BMI into actionable care.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of subcutaneous semaglutide on weight loss and inflammatory markers in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Agostino Milluzzo, Vittorio Oteri, Lucia Manuella, Alfredo Pulvirenti, Lucia Frittitta","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02189-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02189-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Obesity is a chronic, relapsing disease associated with multiple serious comorbidities. Semaglutide has emerged as an effective pharmacological option for obesity management, owing to its substantial effects on weight loss, cardiometabolic risk factors, and patient-reported outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous semaglutide for weight management in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Randomized controlled trials comparing subcutaneous semaglutide with placebo in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes were identified through systematic searches of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Outcomes included changes in body weight, waist circumference, C-reactive protein (CRP) and serious adverse events (SAEs). A quality assessment and meta-analysis were performed using REVMAN 10.1.1 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across nine trials including 6 239 participants, subcutaneous semaglutide significantly reduced percentage body weight from baseline (mean difference [MD] -12.04%, 95% CI -13.08 to -11.00), waist circumference (MD -9.36 cm, 95% CI -10.27 to -8.45), and CRP (MD -40.90%, 95% CI -46.37 to -35.42) versus placebo (all p < 0.00001). The risk of SAEs did not differ significantly between semaglutide and placebo (risk ratio [RR] 1.12, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.65; p = 0.55).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Subcutaneous semaglutide is effective for weight management in adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes. The recently published STEP UP trial evaluating semaglutide 7.2 mg provides additional evidence on higher-dose regimens and showed greater weight reduction compared with previously available data, representing a meaningful new contribution to the literature. Longer-term studies are needed to better define the long-term efficacy and safety profile of semaglutide across clinical populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of cognitive factors that predict behavioural weight-loss intervention outcomes.","authors":"Golnaz Arjmand, Filip M Morys, Justin J Sung, Chavonn C Duncan, Xue S Davis, Shilan Heshmati, Xi Fang, Marney A White, Carlos M Grilo, Dana M Small","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02191-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02191-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals vary widely in their response to behavioral weight-loss interventions, suggesting that neurocognitive differences may influence treatment success. We examined whether baseline cognitive performance predicted percent change in body weight over 8 months in a behavioral weight-loss trial. This secondary analysis used data from the Dietary Adaptation for Weight-loss maintenance at Yale (DAWLY) trial, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oleoylethanolamide (OEA) in adults with overweight or obesity. All participants completed a structured lifestyle behavioral weight-loss program (LEARN®) for four months (including dietary and physical activity guidance and behavioral strategies to achieve the lifestyle changes), followed by a four-month maintenance phase. Thirty-one participants completed the 8-month follow-up and a comprehensive neurocognitive battery. Cognitive variables were z-standardized and entered into principal component analysis; component scores were then used in regression models predicting percent weight change, adjusting for baseline weight, age, education, days tracked, sex, and treatment group. The first six components explained 73.8% of the variance in baseline cognition. Sex and PC5, characterized by strong loadings on probabilistic reinforcement learning and spatial working-memory tasks, were significantly associated with percent weight change. Individuals with higher PC5 scores and women showed greater 8-month weight loss. These results suggest that the ability to learn and update value contingencies and to use effective working-memory strategies may contribute to successful weight-loss during behavioral interventions. Clinical trial registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov , identifier: NCT04614233.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFTR regulates lipid metabolism by relieving adipose inflammation in obesity.","authors":"Jieyi Du, Chuanfeng Ke, Jingbo Chen, Mei Li, Yang Zhao, Ping Pan, Shuijie Li, Wenming Xu, Ricardo Azziz, Guanlei Wang, Xiaomiao Zhao","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02203-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02203-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The downregulation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) reduces lipogenesis and alters lipid metabolism. However, the role of CFTR in inflammation regulation in adipose tissue has been unknown. This study aims to explore the role of CFTR in adipose inflammation and lipid metabolism and the underlying mechanism using both in vivo and in vitro models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We observed the changes in CFTR levels in human adipose tissue, a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model, and 3T3-L1 cells and explored the relationship between CFTR and adipose inflammation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mRNA expression of CFTR in human omental adipose tissue firstly rose with the BMI and WHR increasing, reached the peak at a BMI of 25-27 kg/m² and a WHR of 0.8-0.9, and then declined, closely correlated with the serum hs-CRP level. A high-fat diet (HFD) inhibited CFTR expression in adipose tissue and caused the phenotypic transition of M1 to M2-type macrophages. Down-regulation of CFTR led to palmitate-induced adipose inflammation by increasing nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) phosphorylation through GTP-RhoA activation, IKKβ phosphorylation, and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4)/MyD88/IRAK4 pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CFTR plays a critical role in adipose inflammation regulation and it also represents a potential therapeutic target for the regulation of adipose inflammation and obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition from preclinical obesity to clinical obesity among US adults: incidences and risk factors.","authors":"Zhiqi Yao, Zeina A Dardari, Sohail Zahid, Nader Silver, Alexander C Razavi, John Erhabor, Yara Jelwan, Semenawit Burka, Michael J Blaha","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02199-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02199-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology Commission redefined obesity by considering both anthropometric and direct measures of adiposity, in addition to body mass index (BMI), and distinguishing preclinical from clinical obesity based on physical function and related conditions. However, the frequency and determinants of progression from preclinical to clinical obesity have never been studied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included participants with no obesity, preclinical obesity, or clinical obesity from the All of Us dataset. Obesity was defined as meeting at least two of the following four criteria: (1) BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², (2) waist circumference ≥88 cm for females or ≥102 cm for males, (3) waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) > 0.85 for females or >0.90 for males, and (4) waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) > 0.50, or BMI ≥ 40 kg/m². Baseline preclinical or clinical obesity was determined based on self-reported physical function and obesity-related conditions. Transition from preclinical to clinical obesity was defined based on the new onset of related conditions over follow-up. We estimated cumulative transition incidences from preclinical to clinical obesity and evaluated risk factors for transition using time to transition and Cox models after multivariable adjustment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 319,815 participants, 28.9% had preclinical obesity and 40.0% had clinical obesity at baseline. Of the 92,396 individuals with preclinical obesity, 24,057 (26.0%) transitioned to clinical obesity over a median follow-up of 2.9 years. The cumulative incidence at 1, 3, and 5 years was 12.7%, 25.7%, and 34.3%, respectively. In the adjusted Cox model, older age, elevated hemoglobin A1C, higher BMI, higher WHR, higher WHtR, insurance coverage, and poorer self-reported overall health were strongly and independently associated with a greater likelihood of transition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Progression from preclinical to clinical obesity is relatively common. Given the different treatment considerations proposed for preclinical and clinical obesity under the Lancet framework, improved identification of individuals at higher risk of progression may be important for future implementation of this classification system.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148792887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rheumatological reading of GLP-1 receptor agonists: from muscle loss to musculoskeletal gain.","authors":"Jacopo Ciaffi, Andrea D'Amuri, Roberto Caporali, Francesco Ursini","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02204-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02204-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148792853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight discrimination and the negative cultural value of fat: the relationship to well-being across individuals with higher weights of different nations.","authors":"Ana Clara Vieira Zaidan, Joseph D Wellman","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02192-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02192-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although discrimination against individuals with higher body weights is prevalent both within and outside the United States, research has largely overlooked how cultural norms and gender shape the experiences of those individuals. While cross-cultural work on anti-fat attitudes has examined variations in the Negative Cultural Value of Fat (NCF), how perceptions of NCF and Perceived Weight Discrimination (PWD) jointly affect well-being among individuals with higher weights across different countries has not been examined. The present study focused on participants who self-identified as overweight, hypothesizing larger gender disparities in well-being in Portugal and Mexico than in the United States, partly due to higher PWD and NCF among women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>1865 participants from the United States (n = 676), Portugal (n = 616), and Mexico (n = 573) who self-identified as overweight completed an online survey lasting approximately 12 min (50% Women; Age: M = 34.6, SD = 12.44). The cross-sectional survey assessed PWD, NCF, Psychological Distress, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mediational models for Psychological Distress (F(8,1856) = 83.96, p < 0.001, R² = 0.27) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation (F(8,1856) = 82.51, p < 0.001, R² = 0.26) were significant. Gender had indirect effects on well-being via PWD and NCF, with stronger effects of NCF observed in Portugal and Mexico than in the United States. This indicates that cultural context moderates the association between gender, NCF, weight stigma, and mental health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings underscore NCF as a distinct and important construct in understanding the cultural dimensions of weight stigma and highlight the necessity of cross-cultural approaches to studying the mental health impacts of weight stigma.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148792856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-medication with GLP-1 receptor agonists among Brazilian Adults: findings from a web-based survey.","authors":"Taíse Rosa de Carvalho, Lucas S Matzenbacher, Laura Gomes Boabaid de Barros, Luiza Machado Blank, Mariana Kude Perrone, Ana Gabriela Rodrigues Haussen, Jacqueline Rizzolli, Gabriela Heiden Telo","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02186-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02186-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The popularity of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) for weight loss has increased significantly in recent years, raising concerns about self-medication with these medications.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the proportion and identify factors associated with GLP-1 RA use without medical prescription among GLP-1 RA users in Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted through a self-administered online questionnaire including adults aged 18 years or older residing in Brazil who reported current or past use of GLP-1 RAs for weight loss. We reported the proportion of self-medication and explored associated factors using Poisson regression with robust variance, adjusting for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 860 participants were included (mean age: 39.46 ± 10.61 years; 82.0% female; 47.1% with obesity). The proportion of self-medication with GLP-1 RA was 23.8% (95% CI: 21.1-26.8%). Predictors of self-medication included not having obesity (PR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.13-1.89), not attending physical training centers (PR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.23-1.96), and working in healthcare-related professions (PR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.14-1.84). Conversely, being married (PR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.57-0.94), having diabetes (PR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.18-0.70), or having eating disorders (PR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.34-0.97) were associated with lower self-medication rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Almost one in four users reported using GLP-1 RAs without medical prescription. This practice was more frequent among individuals without obesity, those not attending physical training centers, and healthcare professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148792918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual dimorphism and pro-atherogenic computed tomography radiomic phenotypes of subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat.","authors":"Alice Ribeiro Lopes, Inês Sousa, Fabio Nunes, Sonia Xara, Monica Carvalho, Wilson Ferreira, Nuno Ferreira, Antonio Barros, Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho, Vasco Gama Ribeiro, Nuno Bettencourt, Joao Pedrosa, Jennifer Mancio","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02195-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02195-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Standard body fat metrics fail to capture the unique biological characteristics of subcutaneous (SAF) and visceral (VAF) abdominal fat. We characterized computed tomography (CT) radiomic profiles of SAF and VAF, identified sex-specific and pro-atherogenic signatures, and assessed their incremental value in cardiovascular risk assessment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 1736 adults without known coronary artery disease, we extracted size, first- and second-order (texture) features of SAF, VAF, and total abdominal fat (TAF) from non-contrast CT. Partial least squares discriminant analysis and XGBoost models were developed to differentiate abdominal fat depots, biological sex, and coronary calcification (defined as coronary calcium score, CCS > 0).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SAF and VAF exhibited distinct radiomic profiles. SAF was characterized by lower attenuation and greater high-density structural continuity. Sexual dimorphism was evident in both depots, but was particularly pronounced in SAF; males displayed greater textural heterogeneity and radiodensity compared to females. Pro-atherogenic signatures exhibited increased textural heterogeneity in both depots. However, coronary calcification was associated with higher radiodensity in SAF (metabolic densification) and lower radiodensity in VAF (pathological hypertrophy). TAF radiomics significantly enhanced the performance of the TAF area to detect CCS > 0, and its accuracy was comparable to more complex models combining the best-performing pro-atherogenic SAF and VAF radiomic features.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CT radiomics identified texture heterogeneity as a key feature of male, visceral, and pro-atherogenic adipose tissue phenotypes, while further supporting the protective characteristics of SAF compared with VAF. Unlike conventional TAF area measurements, radiomic analysis of TAF captures underlying tissue complexity and heterogeneity, providing a robust alternative to separate abdominal fat depot assessments for individualized obesity risk stratification. These findings highlight the potential of CT radiomics to differentiate biologically distinct abdominal fat phenotypes and enhance obesity-related cardiometabolic risk profiling.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148792889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can weight status in the first year of life predict well-being in the first years of school?","authors":"Mie Sylow Liljendahl, Mette Rasmussen, Sofie Weber Pant, Lis Marie Pommerencke, Lau Caspar Thygesen, Trine Pagh Pedersen","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02180-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02180-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early life represents a critical period for shaping long-term health outcomes, with early interventions playing a significant role in promoting well-being. This study aimed to investigate whether infant weight status could predict concerns of development and well-being in the first years of school using health nurse data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Danish Child Health Database collaboration included 54 917 children and families who received home visits at 8-10 months and school examinations by health nurses during the children's first years of school. Weight status was measured using BMI z-scores and tested categorical, linear and using restricted cubic splines to explore predictive performance. Well-being was assessed by health nurses using seven indicators, including language skills, motor development, emotional well-being, and peer relationship problems. Model performance was evaluated through visualization of restricted cubic splines and by Area Under the Curve (AUC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Infant weight status at 8-10 months showed poor predictive performance (AUC < = 0.533) across all indicators of well-being in the first years of school. While certain weight categories-especially severe thinness, overweight, and obesity-were linked to specific concerns such as language skills and motor development, these associations had wide confidence intervals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although infant weight status may indicate later health concerns, it was not a reliable predictor of health nurses' well-being concerns in the early school years. The findings demonstrated that predictive performance remained poor across several models, suggesting that infant weight alone may not capture the complexity of factors influencing later well-being as recorded by health nurses.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148792881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}