International Journal of Obesity最新文献

{"title":"Replacing protein with carbohydrate or fat in infancy is associated with lower Body Mass Index in early childhood: results from the Melbourne InFANT Program.","authors":"Tinsae Shemelise Tesfaye, Ewa A Szymlek-Gay, Carley A Grimes, Miaobing Zheng","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02099-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02099-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Higher intakes of total and animal-source protein during infancy have been associated with higher body mass index (BMI) z scores in childhood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We examined the association of substituting protein with fat or carbohydrate intake, and the substitution of protein subtypes at 9 months of age with BMI z-scores and overweight status in children at 5 years of age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involved a secondary analysis of data from the Melbourne InFANT program, a 15-month infancy obesity prevention intervention, with additional follow-ups conducted without intervention when children were aged 3.5 and 5 years. Data of 345 children who completed the 9-month, and 5-year follow-ups were analysed. Dietary intake at 9 months was assessed using three 24-h recalls. BMI z-score was measured at 9 months and 5 years of age. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models with adjustment for potential confounders examined the associations between macronutrient and protein subtype substitutions at 9 months and changes in BMI z-score or overweight status at 5 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Substitution of 5%E or 100 kJ protein intake with carbohydrate intake at age 9 months was associated with a 0.16-unit (95% CI: -0.30, -0.02) or 0.11-unit (95% CI: -0.19, -0.03) decrease in BMI z-score at 5 years. Similarly, replacing 5%E or 100 kJ of protein intake with fat intake was associated with a 0.16-unit (95% CI: -0.29, -0.02) or 0.11-unit (95% CI: -0.19, -0.03) decrease in BMI z-score. There was no evidence of an association between substitution of protein with fat or carbohydrate intake and overweight status (P > 0.05). Replacement of animal protein with plant or dairy protein was also not significantly associated with BMI z-score or overweight status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Substituting protein with carbohydrate or fat intake in infancy was inversely associated with BMI z-score in early childhood. The present study supports the need to discourage excessive protein intake during infancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commercially available mobile health applications for obesity across the lifespan: a systematic search and quality assessment.","authors":"Lena Sophia Steubl, Marie von Altenbockum, Alexandra Portenhauser, Laura Simon, Michael Stach, Yannik Terhorst, Stephanie Brandt-Heunemann, Rüdiger Pryss, Martin Wabitsch, Harald Baumeister","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02097-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02097-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mobile health applications (MHAs) represent a promising low-threshold tool to support obesity treatment. While commercially available MHAs may be most accessible to potential users, concerns exist regarding their quality, data protection, and evidence base. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically identify and evaluate these aspects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in the Apple App Store and Google Play Store, identifying 1220 apps. After a two-stage screening process, n = 21 MHAs met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated independently by two raters using the German version of the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS-G) with the five subscales Engagement, Functionality, Esthetics, Information, and Therapeutic Gain. Additionally, data on general characteristics (including information on the age group targeted and data protection and safety measures), inclusion of established treatment components, and evidence base, were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>None of the included MHAs explicitly targeted children or adolescents. Concerning privacy and safety, notable deficiencies were identified, particularly with regard to the absence of active confirmation of privacy policy and/or terms of service and a lack of integrated emergency features. Included MHAs demonstrated moderate overall quality (M = 3.31, SD = 0.50). The lowest ratings were observed on the subscales Information (M = 2.74, SD = 0.65) and Therapeutic Gain (M = 2.39, SD = 0.70). Inclusion of all components of evidence-based obesity treatment guidelines was found in only n = 5 MHAs (23.8%). Published evidence for effectiveness was identified for only n = 2 MHAs (9.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings indicate a moderate quality level of commercially available MHAs for obesity treatment, with significant deficits in data protection and safety, content, therapeutic value, inclusion of established treatment components, and scientific evidence. To support safe and effective care for those affected by obesity, there is a need for further research and joint efforts (e.g., in terms of translation into routine practice).</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity paradox in young with myocardial infarction in China - or is this really a lean paradox?","authors":"Carl J Lavie, Vince Catalfamo, Salvatore Carbone","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02096-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02096-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of childhood-to-adulthood body size trajectories with cardiovascular risk and all cause mortality.","authors":"Feifei Tang, Wenjuan Ye, Gongxia Xu, Houren Xiong, Yanyan Chen, Pan Zhang, Zihang Zhang, Xiuming Jiang","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02091-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02091-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between body size across the life course and risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality remains incompletely understood, particularly regarding transitions from childhood to adulthood and potential sex-specific differences. We examined the independent and joint associations of childhood body size, adulthood body mass index (BMI), and life-course body size trajectories with incident CVD and mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 456,461 UK Biobank participants free of CVD at baseline. Childhood body size at age 10 was self-reported as thinner, about average, or plumper relative to peers. Adulthood BMI was measured and classified as normal weight (<25 kg/m²), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m²), or obesity (≥30 kg/m²). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident CVD-including stroke, coronary artery disease (CAD), and heart failure (HF)-and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Sex-stratified analyses were conducted to assess effect modification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During follow-up, 2703 participants developed stroke, 13,349 HF, and 37,365 CAD. Compared with average childhood body size, plumper childhood was associated with higher risks of HF (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.14-1.28) and CAD (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04-1.11). Adulthood obesity was strongly associated with HF (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.80-2.02), CAD (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.53-1.64), and all-cause mortality (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.12-1.20). Life-course transitions toward obesity showed the highest risks, particularly for thinner-to-obesity trajectories (HF: HR 2.18, 95% CI 2.00-2.39; CAD: HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.62-1.81; all-cause mortality: HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.14-1.28). Associations with stroke were weaker and mainly observed for thinner-to-obesity transitions (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.02-1.52). Associations were generally stronger in women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Body size across the life course is associated with CVD and mortality, with progression to obesity from childhood to adulthood conferring the greatest risk. These findings support life-course and sex-sensitive obesity prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Anti-obesity effects of chlorogenic acid and caffeine- lipid nanoparticles through PPAR-γ/C/EBP-α pathways.","authors":"Burcu Uner, Melahat Sedanur Macit Celebi","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02094-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02094-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal high-fat high-energy diet impairs surfactant maturation in the non-human primate fetal lung.","authors":"Mitchell C Lock, Hillary F Huber, Cun Li, Sandra Orgeig, Peter W Nathanielsz, Janna L Morrison","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02090-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02090-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Due to the global obesity crisis, increasing numbers of women enter pregnancy with overweight or obesity. Their offspring are at greater risk of respiratory complications at birth due to metabolic changes that impact lung development that may reduce capacity for surfactant production. We hypothesize that a high-fat-high-energy diet (HF-HED) negatively impacts late gestation fetal lung development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Female baboons were randomly assigned to Control (metabolizable energy content, MEC = 3.07 kcal/g, 12% from fat; n = 5 M, 3 F fetuses) or high-fat high-energy diet (MEC = 4.03 kcal/g, 45% energy from fat; n = 6 M, 6 F fetuses) before and throughout pregnancy. Fetal lung tissue was collected at 0.9 gestation (term, 184 d). qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were utilized to measure expression of key molecules involved in surfactant maturation, the transition to air breathing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HF-HED decreased fetal type-II alveolar epithelial cells and reduced lung surfactant protein expression (SFTPB, SFTPC, and SFTPD). The rate-limiting genes involved in surfactant phospholipid production PCY1TA and ABCA3 was reduced. Genes involved in water (AQP1) and sodium (ATP1A1 and SCNN1B) transport were also downregulated, indicating impaired lung liquid reabsorption.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These data indicate that a maternal obesogenic diet impairs surfactant maturation and reduces the capacity for lung liquid reabsorption, increasing the risk of neonatal respiratory complications. Summary of changes within the fetal lung due to exposure to a HF-HED throughout pregnancy. Surfactant maturation was negatively impacted, with a reduction in type II alveolar epithelial cell numbers, reduced mRNA expression in rate limiting enzymes in the production of surfactant phospholipids (PCYT1A, ABCA3), and reduced mRNA expression of surfactant proteins (SFTPB, SFTPC, SFTPD). There was also reduced mRNA expression of sodium transporters (ATP1A1 and SCNN1) which would potentially negatively impact lung liquid reabsorption. Glucose and fatty acid metabolism were dysregulated in the fetal lung with downregulation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) but upregulation of insulin-dependent-glucose and fatty acid transporters (GLUT4, FATP1) and fatty acid synthesis (FASN).</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GLP-1 agonists and changes in body mass and composition in adults with overweight or obesity with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj, Dawid Gruszczyński, Kacper Nijakowski, Aleksandra Derwich-Rudowicz, Michal Krenz, Anita Kumar, Pei-Yin Lu, Marek Ruchała","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02088-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02088-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The systematic review aimed to assess the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) and dual GLP-1/GIP agonists on weight loss and body composition in individuals with overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251002447). A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted up to December 2024 according to PRISMA guidelines. Following the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 36 studies were included in this systematic review and underwent qualitative analysis. In addition, 24 studies met the criteria for quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis). Data were pooled using random-effects models with subgroup analyses by drug type and treatment duration (3, 6, and 12 months).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GLP-1 RA treatment consistently reduced body weight, BMI, and waist circumference across all time points. At 3 months, mean body weight decreased by approximately 9%, accompanied by marked reductions in fat mass and visceral adipose tissue. At 6 months, weight reduction averaged 5%, with semaglutide, liraglutide, and exenatide showing comparable effects, while lean mass remained largely preserved. At 12 months, weight loss persisted at around 4%, with variability between agents, most notably liraglutide. Across studies, fat mass decline predominated, whereas reductions in lean body mass were modest.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GLP-1 RAs provide clinically meaningful weight loss primarily through selective fat mass reduction, with relative preservation of lean tissue, supporting their role in achieving \"quality\" weight loss. Differences between agents highlight the importance of individualized treatment strategies, complemented by nutritional and exercise interventions to optimize long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bariatric surgery and subsequent weight loss lead to a reversal of peripheral blood monocytosis in obesity.","authors":"Marco Krasselt, Kathleen Friedrich, Laurin Braune, Kathrin Rothe, Matthias Blüher, Peter Kovacs, Arne Dietrich, Manuela Rossol, Michael Stumvoll, Ulf Wagner","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02093-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02093-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine changes in monocyte subpopulations and surface markers in people with obesity before and after bariatric surgery, and their relation to weight loss, inflammation markers, and comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from patients with obesity designated for bariatric surgery at three different time points: before surgery (=baseline), six months and twelve months after the intervention. PBMCs were analyzed using flow cytometry to distinguish the different monocytic subpopulations. At each visit, anthropometric measures and routine laboratory parameters (e.g., C-reactive protein) have been determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>111 individuals with obesity (59.5% female, mean age 45.2±11.3 years) with a median body mass index (BMI) of 48.4 kg/m² were included into this study. Median weight loss was 44.5 kg. The absolute monocyte count decreased significantly after surgery within twelve months (p = 0.0035). Classical monocytes, non-classical monocytes, intermediate monocytes, and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC) decreased significantly after the surgical intervention within six to twelve months. CD14^bright/CD56⁺ monocytes did not change significantly during twelve months of observation. Surface expression of CD14 increased in both classical and intermediate monocytes (p = 0.0272 and 0.0087, respectively) within 6 months whereas CD16 declined across all monocyte subpopulations at every time point. The total monocyte counts as well as numbers of non-classical monocytes were significantly higher in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. COVID-19 containment measures resulted in a longitudinal reduction in the number of patient evaluations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Following bariatric surgery and the resulting weight loss, the obesity-associated perturbation of the monocyte compartment was largely reversed. Normalization of both the total monocyte pool and of monocyte subpopulations, particularly those with pro-inflammatory properties such as intermediate monocytes, could contribute to a risk reduction of known co-morbidities of obesity such as chronic inflammation, impaired glucose regulation, and an increased risk of cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating lipid subfractions and the risk of longitudinal adiposity progression: findings from the China Kadoorie Biobank.","authors":"Menghan Wang, Haozhi Niu, Huaidong Du, Xin Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02089-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02089-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study examined the associations between circulating lipid subfractions and long-term adiposity progression, and identified biomarkers reflecting baseline obesity status and future adiposity change.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 1502 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank who had available nuclear magnetic resonance data at baseline and completed anthropometric measurements at both the baseline survey and the second resurvey. Excessive adiposity increase was defined as a body mass index (BMI) increase of ≥5% from baseline. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risk (RR) per standard deviation (SD) higher lipid trait.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of 8 years, 33.3% of participants experienced ≥5% increase in BMI. High baseline cholesterol percentages in most low-density (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses were associated with elevated risks of excess adiposity increase (RRs per SD: 1.09-1.18), with subclass-specific patterns observed across cholesterol forms. Conversely, triglyceride (TG) enrichment in most lipoprotein particles was inversely associated with adiposity progression (RRs per SD: 0.90-0.80), except for larger very low-density lipoprotein particles. Notably, most TG-enriched subfractions were associated with baseline obesity status but inversely associated with longitudinal adiposity progression. In contrast, cholesterol enrichment in HDL and LDL subclasses was associated with long-term adiposity increases, yet inversely associated with baseline adiposity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cholesterol-enriched lipoproteins, particularly in medium-to-small subclasses, may contribute to long-term obesity progression risk, while elevated TG subfractions primarily reflect current obesity status. Circulating lipid subfractions and the risk of longitudinal adiposity progression. Excessive adiposity increase was defined as a body mass index increase of ≥5% from baseline. HDL high-density lipoprotein, IDL intermediate-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, NMR nuclear magnetic resonance, VLDL very low-density lipoprotein.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting drug-related problems following metabolic and bariatric surgery using pharmacovigilance databases.","authors":"Cedric Lau, Robert M Smeenk, Florence P A M van Hunsel, Joep H G Scholl, Marieke M Beex-Oosterhuis","doi":"10.1038/s41366-026-02081-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-026-02081-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clinical data on changes in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics following metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) remain limited and largely drug-specific. This study summarized cases of changed drug activity associated with MBS registered in the global pharmacovigilance database (VigiBase) and the Dutch pharmacovigilance database (Lareb), and assessed the utility of national and international data in identifying drug-related problems following MBS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individual case safety reports (ICSRs) involving MBS were extracted from VigiBase and Lareb. Exclusion criteria were age under 18, drug discontinuation after surgery, non-drugs, or non-bariatric surgery. Outcomes were classified as 'increased effect/adverse events', 'decreased effect/subtherapeutic', or 'unclassified'. For validation, we assessed whether Lareb ICSRs were retrieved in VigiBase and whether outcomes were similarly categorized in both datasets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After deduplication and exclusion, 1112 ICSRs describing 1399 ICSR-drug combinations were retrieved from VigiBase: 752 (53.8%) were classified as 'increased effect/adverse event', 93 (6.7%) 'decreased effect/subtherapeutic', and 554 (39.6%) 'unclassified'. From Lareb, 80 ICSRs describing 81 ICSR-drug combinations were retrieved: 60 (74.1%) 'increased effect/adverse event' and 21 (25.9%) 'decreased effect/subtherapeutic'. 64 ICSR-drug combinations from Lareb were not found in the VigiBase dataset. Of the 17 matched ICSR-drug combinations, 13 (76%) were similarly classified. The most frequently reported drug classes were: H2-receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, selective immunosuppressants, and other antidepressants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pharmacovigilance databases can identify potential drug-related problems following MBS. In this study, 'increased effect/adverse event' predominated following MBS. The Dutch pharmacovigilance data provided more detailed case information than the global VigiBase dataset, leading to differences in ICSR retrievals and outcome classifications. To improve the utility and complementarity of international pharmacovigilance data, access to medical history fields and the use of standardized queries are essential. Recording the year of MBS would also help assess possible changes in drug effects over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147729249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}