International Journal of Obesity最新文献

{"title":"Waist circumference as a measure of obesity associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation?","authors":"Jianan Lin, Bilal Kirmani, Gregory Y H Lip","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01735-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01735-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"747-748"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk associated with planned mode of delivery in women with obesity: a large population-based retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Geneviève Horwood, Erica Erwin, Yanfang Guo, Brett Aston, Sara C S Souza, Laura M Gaudet","doi":"10.1038/s41366-024-01709-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-024-01709-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objective: </strong>As the pregnancy progresses, a decision about planned mode of delivery must be made. There is no consensus on optimal mode of delivery among pregnant women with obesity. We aimed to assess the risks associated with planned mode of delivery in women with obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This large population-based retrospective cohort study included 27472 nulliparous women with obesity who had live, singleton, and uncomplicated term gestations between April 1st 2012 and March 31st 2019. Planned mode of delivery included waiting for spontaneous labor, a plan for induction of labor, and planned non-labor cesarean section (NLCS). NLCS was defined as an elective CS that would happen before the pregnant woman goes into labor. The most common reasons for NLCS include maternal request, fetal position, and repeated CS. Adverse Outcome Index (AOI) was the primary outcome, a binary composite of 10 maternal-neonatal outcomes. Overall, maternal-specific, and neonatal-specific AOI scores were analyzed. Analyses were conducted using multivariable regression models and were stratified by each week of gestational age and by obesity class.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Planned NLCS was associated with reduced risk of overall, maternal-specific, and neonatal-specific AOI by 41% (adjusted risk ratio [aRR]: 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50-0.70), 54% (aRR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.35-0.60), and 30% (aRR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.57-0.87) respectively when compared to spontaneous labor at term gestation. There was no statistically significant difference in overall AOI when comparing planned induction of labor to spontaneous labor (aRR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.96-1.10).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among women with obesity, NLCS may be considered as an option for planned mode of delivery due to the decreased AOI risk. However, further research on the association between NLCS and severe outcomes is needed. Shared decision making between patient and practitioner regarding plan for delivery remains paramount in the provision of quality obstetrical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"835-843"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the bidirectional associations of ADHD symptomatology, nutritional status, and body composition in childhood: evidence from a Brazilian Birth Cohort Study.","authors":"Bárbara Peter Gonçalves, Thais Martins-Silva, Isabel Bierhals, Joseph Murray, Marlos R Domingues, Pedro C Hallal, Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues, Andréa Dâmaso Bertoldi","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01745-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01745-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to excessive weight; however, the underlying mechanisms of this association are not well understood. To date, the bidirectional associations between ADHD and nutritional status in childhood have been explored in a limited number of studies, with particularly few of those incorporating body composition data. This study aims to evaluate the associations of ADHD symptoms, nutritional status, and body composition in childhood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 3940 children from the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort at 4 and 6-7 years of age. Linear regression was performed to evaluate the association between ADHD symptoms and nutritional status (weight, height, and body mass index [BMI]) at ages 4 and 6-7, as well as body composition, specifically fat mass (FF) and fat-free mass (FFM) at ages 6-7. Moreover, a cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) analysis between ADHD symptoms and BMI was performed to explore the bidirectional associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ADHD symptoms were associated with increased height (β 0.01, 95%CI 0.001, 0.026) and FFM (β 0.02, 95%CI 0.008-0.035) at age 4, and increased BMI (β0.02, 95%IC 0.002, 0.038), weight (β 0. 02, 95%CI 0.005, 0.039), height (β 0.01, 95%CI 0.000, 0.024), and FFM (β 0.02, 95%CI 0.012, 0.040) at ages 6-7. Although the CLPM indicated a small effect suggesting a bidirectional relationship between ADHD symptoms and BMI, the observed associations were not statistically significant: ADHD scores at age 4 predicting BMI z-scores at ages 6-7 (β 0.003; 95% CI: -0.026, 0.020), and BMI z-scores at age 4 predicting ADHD scores at ages 6-7 (β 0.013; 95% CI: -0.018, 0.044).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children with higher ADHD symptoms showed increased growth in weight, height, and BMI. The observed increase in weight and BMI was attributed to greater FFM in these children.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"965-972"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative atrial fibrillation following cardiac surgery in severe obesity: the added value of waist circumference.","authors":"Jeanne Roberge, Amélie Paquin, Paul Poirier, Sarah O'Connor, Pierre Voisine, Jean-Pierre Després, Marie-Eve Piché","doi":"10.1038/s41366-024-01707-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-024-01707-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Obesity is an independent risk factor for postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. POAF in patients with severe obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 35 kg/m²) is less studied. Whether waist circumference (WC) improves prediction of POAF independently of BMI among patients with severe obesity remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the risk of POAF, the role of WC in predicting POAF and postoperative complications after CABG surgery in severe obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our cohort included 7995 patients undergoing CABG surgery (2006-19). POAF risk was compared across BMI and WC categories. In patients with severe obesity, the association of an increase in WC with POAF risk was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>763 (9.5%) patients had a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m². In this group, BMI was 38.5 ± 3.6 kg/m² and WC was 123.4 ± 10.8 cm. More patients with severe obesity developed POAF compared to patients with a normal BMI (37 vs. 29%, aRR: 1.52[95%CI 1.36-1.72], p < 0.01). Within each BMI category, the risk of POAF was higher per increasing tertile of WC (p < 0.05). Among patients with a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m², every 10 cm increment in WC was associated with an increased risk of POAF (aRR: 1.16[95%CI 1.08-1.24], p < 0.01). POAF in patients with severe obesity was associated with increased hospital length of stay.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Severe obesity increases the risk of POAF after CABG surgery. In this subgroup, elevated WC may provide additional prognostic value independently of BMI. Since POAF is associated with adverse long-term outcomes, abdominal obesity by measurement of WC should be assessed and targeted even in patient with severe obesity. Central Illustration Increasing waist circumference associated with increased atrial fibrillation risk post coronary artery bypass grafting. Bar graph of the unadjusted absolute risk and 95% confidence interval of postoperative atrial fibrillation for each tertile of waist circumference per body mass index category. Comparison of postoperative atrial fibrillation risk with chi-square test showing an increasing risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation related to increasing waist circumference within each body mass index category.</p><p><strong>Abbreviations: </strong>BMI, body mass index; POAF, postoperative atrial fibrillation; WC, waist circumference.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"827-834"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142894410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of time-restricted eating with exercise on body composition in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Harry M Hays, Pouria Sefidmooye Azar, Minsoo Kang, Grant M Tinsley, Nadeeja N Wijayatunga","doi":"10.1038/s41366-024-01704-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-024-01704-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) with exercise on body composition in adults are not clear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of TRE when followed in combination with various forms of exercise, including aerobic, resistance, and combined aerobic and resistance [concurrent] training on body composition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies published up to May 2023 were searched in EBSCOhost (MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTSDISCUS), PubMed, and SCOPUS databases. Fifteen studies, including 338 participants, that evaluated TRE vs. unrestricted eating in individuals performing exercise were analyzed. A random-effects model was used to calculate the weighted mean effect sizes (ES) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI's).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the pooled results, TRE had a small but significant reduction of fat mass (FM) kg with an effect size of -0.20 (95% CI = -0.28 to -0.13, p < 0.001) and on body fat percent (BF%) with an effect size of -0.23 (95% CI = -0.35 to -0.11, p < 0.001). The prediction interval ranged from -0.48 to 0.08 for FM and from -0.64 to 0.18 for BF%, respectively. TRE did not significantly alter fat-free mass (FFM) kg compared to control (p = 0.07). Furthermore, age, body mass index (BMI), exercise type, study duration, and energy intake did not have a significant impact on the variation in effect sizes according to the subgroup analyses (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TRE with exercise may reduce fat mass compared to an unrestricted eating window exercise-matched control while preserving FFM. However, more studies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"755-765"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142965052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GRK5 is required for adipocyte differentiation through ERK activation.","authors":"Mary E Seramur, Bailey McDonald, Matt Davis, Tony E Reeves, Leah C Solberg Woods, Chia-Chi Chuang Key","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01712-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01712-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have identified G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 5 (GRK5) as a genetic factor contributing to obesity pathogenesis, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We demonstrate here that Grk5 mRNA is more abundant in stromal vascular fractions of mouse white adipose tissue, the fraction that contains adipose progenitor cells, or committed preadipocytes, than in adipocyte fractions. Thus, we generated a GRK5 knockout (KO) 3T3-L1 preadipocyte to further investigate the mechanistic role of GRK5 in regulating adipocyte differentiation. During adipogenic stimulation, GRK5 KO preadipocytes had decreased lipid accumulation and delayed mature adipocyte development compared to wildtype cells coupled with suppressed adipogenic and lipogenic gene expression. Beside GPCR signaling, RNA sequencing and pathway analysis identified insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling to be one of the top 5 significantly dysregulated pathways in GRK5 KO cells. GRK5 KO cells also displayed decreased insulin-stimulated ERK phosphorylation, a downstream target of insulin-stimulated IGF-1 receptor activation, suggesting that GRK5 acts through this critical pathway to impact 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. To find a more translational approach, we identified a new small molecule GRK5 inhibitor that was able to reduce 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. These data suggest that GRK5 is required for adipocyte differentiation through IGF-1 receptor/ERK activation and may be a promising translational target for obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"855-863"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term results of a digital treatment tool as an add-on to pediatric obesity lifestyle treatment: a 3-year pragmatic clinical trial.","authors":"Emilia Hagman, Louise Lindberg, Resthie R Putri, Andreas Drangel, Claude Marcus, Pernilla Danielsson","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01738-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01738-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The integration of mobile health technology with physical visits shows promising one-year treatment outcomes, but long-term evidence is lacking.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess three-year treatment outcomes for patients utilizing the digital treatment tool Evira in combination with physical visits, compared with standard obesity care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a pragmatic trial, children with obesity aged 4.0-17.9 years receiving digi-physical treatment with Evira (n = 107) were compared with a group receiving standard treatment (n = 321). Evira comprises a digitless body scale for home-weighing, a mobile application, and a web-based clinic interface, enabling easy family-clinic communication and continuous visual treatment feedback.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the three-year follow-up, the adjusted average change in body mass index Z-score was -0.29 [95% confidence interval: -0.40, -0.18] units in the digi-physical treatment group vs. -0.12 [-0.21, -0.03] in the standard treatment group, p = 0.02, and 31.8% vs. 18.7% obtained obesity remission respectively, p = 0.0046.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Over a three-year period, the digi-physical treatment generated superior treatment effect and higher obesity remission rate than standard treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"973-976"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are associations of adulthood overweight and obesity with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and obesity-related cancer modified by comparative body weight at age 10 years in the UK Biobank study?","authors":"William Johnson, Tom Norris, Natalie Pearson, Emily S Petherick, James A King, Scott A Willis, Rebecca Hardy, Susan Paudel, Emma Haycraft, Jennifer L Baker, Mark Hamer, David J Stensel, Kate Tilling, Tom G Richardson","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01718-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01718-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Adults living with overweight or obesity do not represent a single homogenous group in terms of mortality and disease risks. The aim of our study was to evaluate how the associations of adulthood overweight and obesity with mortality and incident disease are modified by (i.e., differ according to) self-reported childhood body weight categories.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample comprised 191,181 men and 242,806 women aged 40-69 years (in 2006-2010) in the UK Biobank. The outcomes were all-cause mortality, incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), and incident obesity-related cancer. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate how the associations with the outcomes of adulthood weight status (normal weight, overweight, obesity) differed according to perceived body weight at age 10 years (about average, thinner, plumper). To triangulate results using an approach that better accounts for confounding, analyses were repeated using previously developed and validated polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for childhood body weight and adulthood BMI, categorised into three-tier variables using the same proportions as in the observational variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both sexes, adulthood obesity was associated with higher hazards of all outcomes. However, the associations of obesity with all-cause mortality and incident CVD were stronger in adults who reported being thinner at 10 years. For example, obesity was associated with a 1.28 (1.21, 1.35) times higher hazard of all-cause mortality in men who reported being an average weight child, but among men who reported being a thinner child this estimate was 1.63 (1.53, 1.75). The ratio between these two estimates was 1.28 (1.17, 1.40). There was also some evidence that the associations of obesity with all-cause mortality and incident CVD were stronger in adults who reported being plumper at 10 years. In genetic analyses, however, there was no evidence that the association of obesity (according to the adult PRS) with mortality or incident CVD differed according to childhood body size (according to the child PRS). For incident obesity-related cancer, the evidence for effect modification was limited and inconsistent between the observational and genetic analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Greater risks for all-cause mortality and incident CVD in adults with obesity who perceive themselves to have been a thinner or plumper than average child may be due to confounding and/or recall bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"902-914"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diurnal timing of physical activity in relation to obesity and diabetes in the German National Cohort (NAKO).","authors":"Michael J Stein, Andrea Weber, Fabian Bamberg, Hansjörg Baurecht, Klaus Berger, Patricia Bohmann, Hermann Brenner, Julian Brummer, Marcus Dörr, Beate Fischer, Sylvia Gastell, Karin Halina Greiser, Volker Harth, Antje Hebestreit, Jana-Kristin Heise, Florian Herbolsheimer, Till Ittermann, André Karch, Thomas Keil, Alexander Kluttig, Lilian Krist, Karin B Michels, Rafael Mikolajczyk, Matthias Nauck, Katharina Nimptsch, Nadia Obi, Tobias Pischon, Olga Pivovarova-Ramich, Tamara Schikowski, Börge Schmidt, Matthias B Schulze, Karen Steindorf, Stephanie Zylla, Michael F Leitzmann","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01721-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01721-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physical activity supports weight regulation and metabolic health, but its timing in relation to obesity and diabetes remains unclear. We aimed to assess the diurnal timing of physical activity and its association with obesity and diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We cross-sectionally analyzed hip-worn accelerometry data from 61,116 participants aged 20-75 in the German National Cohort between 2015 and 2019. We divided physical activity into sex- and age-standardized quartiles of total morning (06:00-11:59), afternoon (12:00-17:59), evening (18:00-23:59), and nighttime (00:00-06:00) physical activity. Using multivariable logistic regression, we estimated associations of physical activity timing with obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m²) and diabetes (self-reported or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%). We accounted for sex, age, study region, education, employment, risky alcohol use, smoking, night shift work, and sleep duration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High afternoon (top vs. bottom quartile, OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.33-0.38) and evening physical activity (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.42-0.48) showed lower obesity odds than high morning activity (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.66-0.76), whereas nighttime activity increased obesity odds (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.48-1.68). Associations were similar for diabetes, with the lowest odds for afternoon (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.42-0.53), followed by evening (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.50-0.62) and morning activity (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.71-0.89), and higher odds for nighttime activity (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.29-1.58). Findings were not modified by employment status, night shift work, and sleep duration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our cross-sectional findings require longitudinal corroboration but suggest afternoon and evening activity provide greater metabolic health benefits than morning activity, while nighttime activity is discouraged.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"921-930"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143038851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fasting appetite-related gut hormone responses after weight loss induced by calorie restriction, exercise, or both in people with overweight or obesity: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Zhuoxiu Jin, Jiajin Li, Alice E Thackray, Tonghui Shen, Kevin Deighton, James A King, David J Stensel","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01726-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41366-025-01726-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Altered appetite-related gut hormone concentrations may reflect a physiological adaptation facilitating weight regain after weight loss. This review investigates hormonal changes after weight loss achieved through calorie restriction (CR), exercise (EX), or both combined (CREX).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs reporting in a fasting state either pre- and post-intervention appetite-related hormone concentrations or the changes therein after weight loss. The hormones examined were ghrelin, peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), glucagon-like peptide -1 (GLP-1), and cholecystokinin (CCK), in their total and/or active form. Standardised mean differences (SMD) were extracted as the effect size.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>127 studies were identified: 19 RCTs, 108 non-RCTs, 1305 and 4725 participants, respectively. In response to weight loss induced by CR, EX or CREX, the meta-analysis revealed an increase in total ghrelin from both RCTs (SMD: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.07-1.04) and non-RCTs (SMD: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.14-0.35). A decrease in acylated ghrelin was identified for RCTs (SMD: -0.58, 95% CI: -1.09 to -0.06) but an increase was observed for non-RCTs (SMD: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.27). Findings also revealed a decrease in PYY (total PYY: SMD: -0.17, 95%CI: -0.28 to -0.06; PYY_3-36: SMD: -0.17, 95%CI: -0.32 to -0.02) and active GLP-1 (SMD: -0.16, 95% CI: -0.28 to -0.05) from non-RCTs. Changes in hormones did not differ among the three interventions when controlling for weight loss. Meta-regression indicated that greater weight loss was associated with a greater increase in total ghrelin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Weight loss induced by CR, EX, or CREX elicits an increase in total ghrelin, but varied responses in other appetite-related hormones. The extent of weight loss influences changes in appetite-related gut hormone concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"776-792"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}