International Journal of Obesity最新文献

{"title":"Perirenal fat: a neglected fat depot shaping heterogeneity of obesity along with hepatic fat.","authors":"Yixin Chen, Ting Zhang, Baoding Qin, Yi Yang, Lin Wu, Yuchan Wang, Zijian Mo, Ruomi Guo, Mengyin Cai, Guojun Shi, Yanhua Zhu, Jie Zeng, Yanming Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01874-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-025-01874-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Obesity is a heterogeneous condition that leads to diverse cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes. This study aimed to identify the primary visceral fats contributing to metabolically unhealthy obesity and to investigate the characteristics of fat distribution associated with different obesity-related complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on fat-selective magnetic resonance images (MRI) from 319 individuals with a BMI ≥24 kg/m². Participants were categorized into four groups: solely obesity, T2DM, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, to examine differences in the distribution of hepatic, pancreatic, preperitoneal, mesenteric, and perirenal fat (PrFT). Correlation analyses were performed to elucidate relationships between visceral fat deposits and obesity-related characteristics. Logistic regression identified key fat deposition sites associated with common obesity-related complications. Additionally, the limitations of single-site fat measurements in capturing the heterogeneity of obesity were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PrFT exhibited the strongest correlation with blood pressure (r = 0.225 ~ 0.306, all p < 0.001) among all visceral fats, and the hypertensive individuals with obesity presented the highest PrFT. Hepatic fat showed the highest association with glucose metabolism (r = 0.188 ~ 0.407 all p < 0.01), as evidenced by higher hepatic fat content in the T2DM group compared to other groups. Risk of metabolic syndrome increased by 3.06-fold (95% CI:1.35-6.93, p = 0.007) and 6.79-fold (95% CI:2.45-18.83, p < 0.001) with moderate and severe fatty steatosis compared to those without hepatic steatosis. A 2.24-fold (95% CI:1.27-3.97, p = 0.006) increase in metabolic syndrome likelihood was observed for each 1 cm increment in PrFT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Besides hepatic fat, perirenal fat is also a key determinant for metabolic syndrome. Patients with various metabolic abnormalities present distinct patterns of visceral fat distribution, which could be simply profiled by perirenal and hepatic fat quantification.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visceral adipose tissue during pregnancy in women with overweight or obesity and offspring metabolic health.","authors":"Christina Sonne Mogensen, Faidon Magkos, Elizaveta Chabanova, Christian Mølgaard, Nina Rica Wium Geiker","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01872-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-025-01872-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pre-pregnancy obesity is linked to an increased risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, and an increased likelihood of offspring obesity later in life. Accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has been reported to be more detrimental to health outcomes than generalized obesity. Therefore, we investigated the association between maternal VAT and the metabolic health of offspring at birth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a secondary analysis of a dietary randomized controlled trial. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in gestational weeks (GW) 15, 32, and at birth in a cohort of 119 pregnant women with a pre-pregnancy body mass index ranging from 28-45 kg/m². Offspring anthropometric measurements and cord blood samples were collected at birth. Linear regression models were applied to evaluate the association between maternal VAT and offspring outcomes. Analysis of covariance was utilized to compare offspring outcomes among mothers who exhibited either an increase or a decrease in VAT volume from GW 15 to birth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Absolute maternal VAT during pregnancy was not associated with birthweight; however, women who experienced a reduction in VAT volume during pregnancy entered pregnancy with a higher VAT volume and gave birth to heavier infants by 161 grams (95% CI, 15; 307, P = 0.031) compared to those who experienced an increase in VAT during pregnancy. Maternal VAT in GW 15 and at birth was associated with increased insulin concentrations in the offspring by 0.25 pmol/L (95% CI, 0.03; 0.46, P = 0.026) and 0.23 pmol/L (95% CI, 0.02; 0.44, P = 0.035), respectively, per 1 cm³ increase in VAT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Maternal VAT, and particularly its change during pregnancy, may influence the fetal metabolic environment, impacting insulin availability and potentially fetal growth in healthy women with overweight or obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diurnal timing and volume of physical activity in relation to metabolic syndrome in US adults: a population-based cohort study.","authors":"Qingxu Wu, Beibei Shi, Litao Du, Wei Jin, Jiping Chen, Xiangli Xue, Yang Pan, Si Chen, Xianliang Zhang, Qiang He","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01893-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-025-01893-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the independent and joint associations between physical activity (PA) timing and volume patterns in relation to metabolic syndrome (MetS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the NHANES 2011-2014 cycles, involving 5065 participants, were used. PA was measured using triaxial accelerometers. PA timing patterns were determined using the K-means clustering algorithm, and PA volumes were categorized based on tertiles (low, moderate, and high). Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between PA patterns and MetS and its components. We also used restricted cubic spline curves to fit the PA to the MetS and its component non-linear associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three distinct PA timing patterns were identified using K-means clustering (morning, midday-afternoon, and late afternoon-evening). Independent analyses indicated that engaging in PA during the morning or midday-afternoon PA was with lower odds of MetS compared to late afternoon-evening. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.79 (0.63-0.99) and 0.78 (0.62-0.98), respectively. In joint analyses, compared with the late afternoon-evening/low PA pattern, the morning and midday-afternoon PA timing patterns were associated with lower odds of MetS when combined with moderate or high PA volume. In contrast, the late afternoon-evening PA pattern was significantly associated with lower odds of MetS only at high PA volumes. Additionally, a nonlinear association with MetS was identified in the morning PA pattern, whereas dose-dependent associations with MetS were observed in the midday-afternoon and late afternoon-evening PA patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study shows that morning and midday-afternoon PA patterns are associated with lower odds of MetS compared to late afternoon-evening PA. Higher total PA volume is also linked with lower odds of MetS. Conversely, prolonged PA during the late evening or nighttime is associated with higher odds of poorer metabolic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality risk associated with general and central obesity in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a long-term prospective cohort study.","authors":"Qian Zhang, Yutao Wang, Si Liu, Shengtao Zhu, Peng Li, Shutian Zhang, Zhirong Yang, Shanshan Wu","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01879-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-025-01879-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To comprehensively investigate the long-term risk of all-cause mortality associated with general and central obesity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Overall, 5107 IBD patients [mean age 57.0 (SD: 8.0) years; 51.7% female] were included in the prospective cohort. General obesity was assessed using body mass index (BMI), while central obesity was evaluated using hip circumference, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), conicity index (CI) and A Body Shape Index (ABSI). Primary outcome was all-cause death. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to examine the associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median of 14.6 years' follow-up, 591 all-cause deaths occurred. At baseline, 1681(32.9%), 2229(43.6%), 1161(22.7%) and 36(0.70%) patients were BMI-defined normal, overweight, obesity and underweight. Underweight individuals had a 2.22-fold increased mortality risk than those with normal BMI (HR = 3.22, 95% CI:1.70-6.11), while null associations were observed for overweight or obesity. As for central obesity, individuals with the highest quartiles of WC (HR = 1.34, 1.02-1.76), WHR (HR = 1.56, 1.13-2.15), WWI (HR = 1.64, 1.24-2.16), CI (HR = 1.72, 1.28-2.30) and ABSI (HR = 1.64, 1.23-2.20) had a 34%, 56%, 64%, 72% and 64% greater mortality risk versus the lowest quartiles, with significant dose-response relationships (all P values < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Central obesity and underweight, rather than general obesity, are associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in IBD patients. These findings underscore the importance of adequate nutrition and reduced visceral adiposity for long-term prognosis improvement of IBD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of endothelial progenitor cells from human adipose tissue.","authors":"Cristina Caccioppoli, Rossella D'Oria, Valentina Annamaria Genchi, Giuseppe Palma, Valentina Andrulli Buccheri, Isabella Calderoni, Carmen Tedesco, Carmela Colabufo, Nicola Marrano, Giuseppina Biondi, Nada Chaoul, Antonio Braun, Angela Pezzolla, Angelo Cignarelli, Annalisa Natalicchio, Luigi Laviola, Francesco Giorgino, Sebastio Perrini","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01884-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-025-01884-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in angiogenic responses in multiple tissues and mediate a coordinate augmentation of the capillary network as adipose tissue (AT) expands in response to positive energy balance. However, the isolation and culture of EPCs from human AT has proven difficult so far. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of EPCs from human AT (AT-EPCs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Omental and subcutaneous AT specimens (approximately 1-2 g) were obtained during abdominal surgery. Following AT digestion with collagenase, both the filtered (SVF-I) and unfiltered (SVF-II) stromal vascular fractions (SVF) of AT were used. Expression of endothelial markers, such as CD31 and VE-Cadherin, was analyzed by using flow cytometry. Both SVF-I and SVF-II fractions were used for magnetic-based enrichment of endothelial cells using anti-human CD31 beads. Immunofluorescence staining, immunoblotting, and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to analyze expression of endothelial markers. Functional assays, including matrigel-based capillary-like tube formation assay and acetylated LDL uptake assays, were also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CD31 and VE-Cadherin were more expressed in SVF-II than SVF-I. CD31+ cells from SVF-II exhibited an endothelial-like cobblestone morphology. The CD31+ fraction also expressed Von Willebrand Factor (vWF) and VE-Cadherin. High mRNA levels of E-selectin, e-NOS, VEGFR, and CD34 were found in CD31+ cells, and E-selectin and e-NOS proteins were readily detectable. In addition, CD31+ cells were able to form tubes and incorporate acetylated LDL in vitro.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Large amounts of AT-EPCs with distinct functional properties can be isolated from omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-specific childhood obesity and adult cholelithiasis: association and shared transcriptomic bases.","authors":"Lihua Liu, Lu Zhang, Yiwen Liao, Xin Jin, Yunzhu Chen, Tian Yang, Xingxing Li, Yuheng Cao, Chuan Yu, Chenghan Xiao, Zhenmi Liu, Yu Tong","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01877-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-025-01877-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The association between obesity and cholelithiasis has been identified. However, the causal relationship between age-specific childhood obesity and adult cholelithiasis remains unclear. In addition, the biological basis for the association between childhood obesity and adult cholelithiasis is poorly understood, which poses a challenge for preventing adult cholelithiasis in specific biological pathways.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of childhood age-specific body mass index (BMI) at 12 time points and adult cholelithiasis derived from FinnGen were used in this study, with the former covering data from birth to 8 years. Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) analyses were used to assess the genetic correlations of age-specific childhood BMI to cholelithiasis. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analyses were utilized to explore the causal associations. As downstream analyses, summary-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) analyses, transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS), and Bayesian colocalization were conducted to discover the shared transcriptomic signals. The GWAS summary statistics of cholelithiasis from the UK Biobank were used for sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LDSC analyses revealed significant genetic correlations between 11 age-specific childhood BMIs and adult cholelithiasis (except for birth BMI). Two-sample MR and MVMR analyses indicated causal relationships between birth BMI and BMI at 8 months, 1.5 years, 7 years, and 8 years after birth and adult cholelithiasis. SMR, TWAS, and colocalization analyses identified MLXIPL as the strongest overlapping signal between age-specific BMI and adult cholelithiasis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides new evidence on the relationships between childhood obesity and adult cholelithiasis, highlighting the role of early intervention for obesity in childhood at key time points. MLXIPL gene expression was identified as a potential biological pathway, suggesting potential therapeutic targets and precise intervention strategies for childhood obesity and adult cholelithiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of whole-body vibration training on body mass reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Pengpeng Gou, Sian Zhou, Shunfang Liu, Andong Zhang, Ruinan Liu, Di Tang","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01894-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-025-01894-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Whole-body vibration training (WBVT) is considered a time-saving, low-impact exercise modality that may aid in body mass management. However, the effectiveness of WBVT in changing body composition remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of WBVT on body mass, body mass index (BMI), and fat mass across different BMI and age categories.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of WBVT on weight-related outcomes. Studies published up to December 25, 2024 were screened according to PRISMA guidelines, and risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Meta-analyses were performed using mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) under fixed or random-effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty RCTs with 585 participants were included. WBVT alone had no significant effect on body mass (MD = 0.04), BMI (MD = -0.24), fat mass (MD = -0.90), fat-free mass (MD = 0.15), or body fat percentage (MD = 0.04%). Subgroup analysis by BMI showed no significant differences across weight categories. However, age-based subgroup analysis revealed that participants aged ≥50 years experienced a greater reduction in body fat percentage (MD = -1.79%) than those <50 years (MD = 0.46%; p = 0.008), suggesting a potential age-related effect. Overall risk of bias was rated as low to moderate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>WBVT alone did not significantly reduce body mass or fat mass, but it remains a promising intervention due to its neuromuscular and metabolic benefits. Future studies should explore optimized WBVT parameters, potential metabolic adaptations, and synergies with other interventions to enhance its applicability in body mass management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life-long body mass index trajectories and cardiometabolic biomarkers-the Danish diet, cancer, and health-next generations cohort.","authors":"Jie Zhang, Christina Andersen, Anja Olsen, Jytte Halkjær, Kristina Elin Petersen, Jonas Frey Rosborg Schaarup, Christian S Antoniussen, Daniel R Witte, Christina C Dahm","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01882-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-025-01882-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Higher body mass index (BMI) is strongly associated with cardiovascular metabolic diseases, however, BMI changes across the lifespan may be complex and non-linear. Furthermore, heterogeneous BMI trajectories may exhibit different cardiometabolic traits. We aimed to identify BMI trajectories over up to 50 years and examine their associations with cardiometabolic biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>In total, 30,581 participants from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health - Next Generations cohort were included in the study. Participants recalled their weight history for each decade through questionnaires. Weight and height were measured, and blood samples were collected during a clinic visit. Cardiometabolic biomarkers (Hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, C-reactive Protein, and creatinine) were determined. Latent class growth models were applied to model BMI trajectories from age 20 until the current age. The optimal number of groups was selected according to Bayesian Information Criteria, the integrated completed likelihood, and the mean posterior probability of each group. Linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the association between distinct BMI trajectories and cardiovascular biomarkers, with adjustment for age, sex, and smoking status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four distinct BMI trajectories were identified: \"Stable low BMI\" group (32%, n = 9753), \"Gradual BMI increase\" (45%, n = 13,780), \"Early high BMI\" group (3%, n = 771), and \"Steeper BMI increase\" group (21%, n = 6277). Compared to the \"Stable low BMI\" group, all other trajectory groups showed significant associations with adverse cardiometabolic biomarkers. For instance, the \"Steeper BMI increase\" group was associated with elevated triglycerides (β = 0.36 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.38), followed by the \"Early high BMI\" group (β = 0.30 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.34) and the \"Gradual BMI increase\" group (β = 0.12 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.13).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both those with constant high BMI and steeply increased BMI trajectories from age 20 had more unfavorable cardiometabolic profiles compared to those maintaining lower BMI throughout adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphatidylethanolamine/PKA signal axis mediated human milk extracellular vesicles enhance adipose thermogenesis and lipolysis via mitochondrial remodeling.","authors":"Zhou Peng, Jianfang Gao, Liling Xu, Shan Huang, Rui Wang, Juan Du, Zhongxiao Zhang, Ling Zhang, Lei Feng, Xingyun Wang, Xirong Guo","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01854-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-025-01854-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Emerging evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) in breast milk may serve as an abundant source of candidates for regulating metabolism. Our study aims to identify phospholipids derived from human milk EVs (mEVs) that can benefit people with obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Infant mice were either fed with formula milk or breastfed to investigate whether mEVs affect adipose tissue physiology in infants. Human milk samples were collected from nursing mothers who had given birth at Shanghai Tongren Hospital. UPLC-MS/MS was used to characterize lipidomic profile of human colostrum and mature milk. Body weight changes, H&E staining, blood lipid test, GTT and ITT test were measured to evaluate physiology changes of phospholipid administrated high-fat-diet (HFD) mice. Infrared measurement, western blot, qPCR and IHC analysis were measured to evaluate thermogenesis. RNA-seq and qPCR were used to evaluate the cluster of genes and pathways. Seahorse, electron microscope observation and qPCR were measured to evaluate mitochondrial remodeling of adipocyte. PKA inhibitor (H89) was used to evaluate signal axis of mitochondrial coupling respiration in adipocyte.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lipidomic analyses of mEVs identified phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) as a signature molecule, whose abundance remains consistent between colostrum and mature milk. PE significantly enhanced brown adipocyte thermogenic respiration in vivo, activated mitochondrial biogenesis transcriptionally, and suppressed mitochondrial clearance. These results led to an increased number of mitochondria and promotes the beiging process. RNA sequencing revealed that PE potentially remodels mitochondria through the PKA signaling pathway, which may influence thermogenesis and lipolysis. The activation mechanism of PE in adipocytes was confirmed by a reduction in thermogenesis phenotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>mEVs-derived PE serves as a universal cellular adjustor, regulating mitochondrial efficiency via PE/PKA signaling in response to shifts in demand of energy. mEVs serve as a tool for mother-to-child signaling bridge, which maintain a long-time health of adipose tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensor-based evaluation of intermittent fasting regimes: a machine learning and statistical approach.","authors":"Nico Steckhan, Tanja Manlik, Tillmann Int-Veen, Beeke Peters, Christina Laetitia Pappe, Daniela A Koppold, Bert Arnrich, Andreas Michalsen, Henrik Dommisch, Peter Schwarz, Olga Pivovarova-Ramich","doi":"10.1038/s41366-025-01889-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-025-01889-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The primary aim was to develop and assess the performance and applicability of different models utilizing sensor data to determine dietary adherence, specifically within the context of intermittent fasting. Our approach utilized time-series data from two completed human trials, which included continuous glucose monitoring, acceleration data, and food diaries, and a synthetic data set. Machine learning models achieved an average F1-score of 0.88 in distinguishing between fasting and non-fasting times, indicating a high level of reliability in classifying fasting states. The Hutchison Heuristic statistical method, while more moderate in performance, proved to be robust across different cohorts, including individuals with and without type 1 diabetes. A dashboard was developed to visualize results efficiently and in a user-friendly manner. The findings highlight the effectiveness of using sensor data, combined with advanced statistical and machine learning approaches, to passively evaluate dietary adherence in an intermittent fasting context.</p>","PeriodicalId":14183,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}