International Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating the introduction of COVID-19 oral antivirals through a test and treat program: outcomes from a cohort study in four African countries","authors":"Jessica T. Joseph ,&nbsp;Maria Grau-Sepulveda ,&nbsp;Bridget C. Griffith ,&nbsp;Norman Lufesi ,&nbsp;Alexander Martin-Odoom ,&nbsp;Nyuma Mbewe ,&nbsp;Mwaba Mulenga ,&nbsp;Shanti Narayansamy ,&nbsp;Lawrence Ofori-Boadu ,&nbsp;Christian Ramers ,&nbsp;Edson Rwagasore ,&nbsp;Dyson Telela ,&nbsp;Sabine Umuraza ,&nbsp;Caroline E. Boeke ,&nbsp;Cameron R. Wolfe ,&nbsp;COVID Treatment QuickStart Consortium","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Access to oral antivirals like nirmatrelvir/ritonavir to treat COVID-19 remains largely unavailable across Africa. Ghana, Malawi, Rwanda and Zambia, all members of the COVID Treatment QuickStart Consortium, leveraged existing infrastructure to rapidly commence COVID-19 test-and-treat programs. We describe the individual-level impact within the cascade of care.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 36 facilities across four countries that captured data on SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals who were screened for treatment. Treatment criteria included being high-risk for severe COVID-19 disease progression, presenting within five days of symptom onset, and having mild-to-moderate COVID-19 disease severity; treatment eligibility was ultimately determined by trained healthcare workers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 1941 participants, 50.2% were determined eligible while 65.2% were prescribed nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. Among those prescribed, 1265 (73.2%) received follow-up, among whom 99.4% confirmed treatment initiation and 97.6% completed the five-day treatment course. Two serious adverse events were reported, but neither was attributed to nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These data are the first to suggest COVID-19 oral antiviral treatment can be quickly, efficiently and safely deployed in lower- and middle-income countries, in parallel with implementation research. Programs rapidly integrated their COVID-19 response into existing health service infrastructure, allowing for decentralization and demonstrating that introducing newly developed diagnostics and treatment in government health systems is feasible in lower-resourced settings during health emergencies. Equitable and timely access to diagnostics and treatments is crucial to combat emerging global disease threats and achieve global health equity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 107956"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome caused by three β-hemolytic streptococcal species in Japan","authors":"Yuuki Tsuchihashi ,&nbsp;Kosuke Tamura ,&nbsp;Kaoru Matsumoto ,&nbsp;Shingo Mitsushima ,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Fujiya ,&nbsp;Koji Kuronuma ,&nbsp;Yoshinari Tanabe ,&nbsp;Kei Kasahara ,&nbsp;Takaya Maruyama ,&nbsp;Kenji Gotoh ,&nbsp;Masashi Nakamatsu ,&nbsp;Kengo Oshima ,&nbsp;Shuichi Abe ,&nbsp;Junichiro Nishi ,&nbsp;Yu Arakawa ,&nbsp;Tadayoshi Ikebe ,&nbsp;Tomimasa Sunagawa ,&nbsp;Yukihiro Akeda ,&nbsp;Kazunori Oishi ,&nbsp;the Adult STSS Study Group","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to compare the clinical features in patients with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) caused by the three beta-hemolytic streptococci (BHS): <em>Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae,</em> and <em>Streptococcus dysgalactiae</em> subsp. <em>equisimilis</em> (SDSE).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Overall, 301 adult patients with STSS with <em>S. pyogenes</em> (32.9%), <em>S. agalactiae</em> (17.6%), and SDSE (49.5%) in Japan were enrolled between 2016 and 2021. Data were analyzed to identify differences in clinical characteristics among the three BHS. Bacterial isolates were examined for <em>emm</em> or capsular typing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The incidence of STSS with <em>S. pyogenes</em> declined during the COVID-19 pandemic, but STSS with <em>S. agalactiae</em> and SDSE did not. Patients with SDSE were the oldest (median age, 81 years; interquartile range, 70-88 years) followed by those with <em>S. agalactiae</em> (76 years; 67-85 years) and <em>S. pyogenes</em> (66 years; 58-78 years). The case fatality rates (CFRs) of STSS caused by the three BHS were not significantly different, ranging from 48-59%; however, the CFR significantly increased with age in patients with SDSE (<em>P</em> &lt;0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The characteristics of STSS differed among the three BHS. Clinicians should be aware of poor outcomes in patients with STSS, and provide appropriate treatment at an early stage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 107962"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis (ptxP3) infection in Japanese infants: First report of cases requiring intensive care","authors":"Haruka Tsukahara ,&nbsp;Kotaro Araki ,&nbsp;Yoshiaki Cho ,&nbsp;Naoki Fujiwara ,&nbsp;Takashi Matsuoka ,&nbsp;Tetsuya Kakita ,&nbsp;Shogo Morichika ,&nbsp;Makoto Ohnishi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In November 2024, two unvaccinated infants with <em>ptxP3</em> allele-carrying macrolide-resistant <em>Bordetella pertussis</em> (MRBP) infection were admitted to a hospital in Okinawa, Japan, and required intensive care. These represent the first reported severe MRBP cases in Japan. Both tested positive via LAMP and failed initial macrolide therapy, requiring mechanical ventilation and a switch to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Whole-genome sequencing identified <em>ptxP3</em>-positive MRBP strains with high virulence potential. Phylogenetic analysis showed relatedness to the MT28-<em>ptxP3</em> lineage from China; however, 8-11 single-nucleotide polymorphism differences among strains suggest independent introductions and possible prolonged circulation in Okinawa. These findings raise public health concerns and highlight the need for enhanced surveillance and prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 107960"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of the number of people affected by post COVID-19 condition in Switzerland in 2023: a mathematical model","authors":"Janne Estill ,&nbsp;Emneteab G. Belayneh ,&nbsp;Sarah Beale ,&nbsp;Olivia Keiser","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to estimate the prevalence and incidence of post COVID-19 condition (presence of symptoms related to a SARS-CoV-2 infection at least 3 months earlier) in Switzerland in 2023 using mathematical modeling.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We constructed a deterministic compartmental model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, extended with a module to calculate incidence and prevalence of post COVID-19 condition stratified by symptom cluster (fatigue, neuropsychiatric, and cardiopulmonary). We explored different scenarios to account for the uncertainty in model parameters and reported the mean value with a full range of results.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From October to December 2023, the model projected 61,300 (range across scenarios: 7900-195,000) new cases of post COVID-19 in Switzerland. The number of individuals with prevalent post COVID-19 remained stable during the year, decreasing minimally from 386,900 (87,500-930,600) in June to 380,800 (62,100-990,800) in December 2023. Neuropsychiatric disorders were the most common symptoms. About half of the individuals with post COVID-19 condition at the end of 2023 had been affected by the symptoms by more than 6 months.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>At least 1% of the Swiss population is affected by the long-term consequences of COVID-19, and this proportion is likely to be multiple times higher. The prevalence is expected to remain at a high level also in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 107963"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating global antibiotic needs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia in 20 countries: A modelling analysis","authors":"Amit Summan ,&nbsp;Katherine Klemperer ,&nbsp;Erta Kalanxhi ,&nbsp;Anthony McDonnell ,&nbsp;Ramanan Laxminarayan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Antibiotic stewardship advocates for prudent antibiotic use. However, estimates of “appropriate” antibiotic use remain limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We estimated the total antibiotics required to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations and pneumonia in 2019 across the 20 most populous countries. Antibiotic needs were determined according to World Health Organization AWaRe guidelines. The proportion of cases requiring antibiotics was based on bacterial etiology averages. Patients not responding to first-line treatment were assumed to either recover after second-line treatment, discontinue further care, or die during treatment. Where two treatment options were available, patients were assumed to be evenly split.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Penicillins (76.1%) and cephalosporins (22.6%) were the most frequently needed antibiotics for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, followed by hospital-acquired pneumonia and COPD exacerbations. India and China were estimated as the greatest consumers of penicillins (37% and 21% of total use, respectively), followed by the US, Brazil, and Indonesia (15% combined). Per capita penicillin consumption was highest in India, Brazil, and Germany. In total, 2276,046 and 676,098 million mg of penicillins and cephalosporins, respectively, were needed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Prudent antibiotic use is essential to curb antimicrobial resistance. This framework offers a method for estimating needs and informing global planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 107949"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Switching to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide from efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil in virologically suppressed people with HIV: findings from a non-randomized clinical trial (EBONY study)","authors":"Roberta Gagliardini ,&nbsp;Marta Camici ,&nbsp;Simone Lanini ,&nbsp;Rita Bellagamba ,&nbsp;Sandrine Ottou ,&nbsp;Maria Maddalena Plazzi ,&nbsp;Alessandra Vergori ,&nbsp;Valentina Mazzotta ,&nbsp;Annalisa Mondi ,&nbsp;Marisa Fusto ,&nbsp;Jessica Paulicelli ,&nbsp;Massimo Tempestilli ,&nbsp;Carmela Pinnetti ,&nbsp;Elisabetta Grilli ,&nbsp;Ilaria Mastrorosa ,&nbsp;Federico De Zottis ,&nbsp;Giulia Del Duca ,&nbsp;Andrea Antinori","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>No previous studies specifically explored the switch from efavirenz to bictegravir (BIC)-containing three-drug antiretroviral regimens. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety outcomes of a treatment switch from efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EFV/FTC/TDF) given once daily (OD) or on alternate days (ATAD) to BIC/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) in virologically suppressed people with HIV (PWH).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A pilot, single-arm, prospective study was conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 234 PWH were enrolled. 217 of 234 (92.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 88.6-95.7%) participants had HIV-RNA &lt;40 cp/ml at 48 weeks. Virological failure occurred in three participants, none with documented resistance, and all resuppressed without antiretroviral therapy change. After 48 weeks, a slight increase in cluster of differentiation (CD)4 cell count was observed from the baseline (+ 59 cells/mmc, 95% CI, 31; 86, <em>P</em> &lt;0.001), but not in CD4/CD8 ratio. A slight increase in creatinine (mean change +0.11 mg/dl, 95% CI 0.10; 0.13, <em>P</em> &lt;0.001) and a decrease in total cholesterol (mean change −8 mg/dl, 95% CI −14; −3, <em>P</em> = 0.001) were also observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our data showed that BIC/FTC/TAF demonstrated high virologic and immunologic efficacy and an excellent safety profile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 107961"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic profiling of plasma reveals differential disease severity markers in avian influenza A(H7N9) infection patients","authors":"Yuefeng Wang ,&nbsp;Jili Ni ,&nbsp;Mingzhu Huang ,&nbsp;Wenxin Qu ,&nbsp;Chang Liu ,&nbsp;Zheying Mao ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Bao ,&nbsp;Weizhen Chen ,&nbsp;Dongsheng Han ,&nbsp;Fei Yu ,&nbsp;Yifei Shen ,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Deng ,&nbsp;Shufa Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Avian influenza such as H7N9 is currently a major global public health risk, and at present, there is a lack of relevant diagnostic and treatment markers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We collected plasma samples from 104 confirmed H7N9 patients, 31 of whom died. Plasma metabolites were detected by UHPLC-HRMS, and a survival prediction model based on metabolites was constructed by machine-learning models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1536 metabolites were identified in the plasma samples of H7N9 patients, of which 64 metabolites were up-regulated and 35 metabolites were down-regulated in the death group. The enrichment analysis of tryptophan metabolism, porphyrin metabolism, and riboflavin metabolism were significantly up-regulated in the death group. We found that most lipids and lipid–like molecules were down-regulated in the death group, and organoheterocyclic compounds were significantly up-regulated in the death group. A machine-learning model was constructed for predicting mortality based on porphobilinogen, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, L-kynurenine, Biliverdin, and D-dimer. The AUC on the test set was 0.929.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We first revealed the plasma metabolomic characteristics of H7N9 patients and found that a machine-learning model based on plasma metabolites could predict the risk of death for H7N9 in the early stage of admission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 107957"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of filgrastim therapy for patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Two case reports","authors":"Hanako Aoki ,&nbsp;Ryunosuke Matsumura ,&nbsp;Yoichiro Nishida ,&nbsp;Kazuo Nakamichi ,&nbsp;Takanori Yokota ,&nbsp;Nobuo Sanjo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a life-threatening central nervous system condition caused by reactivation of JC virus in individuals with immunosuppression. Although PML typically develops in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cases in individuals without HIV have been increasing in recent years. Non-HIV–associated PML has a particularly poor prognosis, high mortality rates, and few therapeutic options. Here, we present the cases of two patients with non-HIV–, nondrug–associated PML who achieved good clinical outcomes after treatment with filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF]). One patient had a diagnosis of Good syndrome, a rare primary immunodeficiency disease, whereas the other presented with lymphopenia and a mild decrease in CD4 T cells. After G-CSF administration, both patients showed decreases in CSF JC virus loads and improvements on magnetic resonance images. Given these findings, we propose that, by stimulating innate immunity and activating anti-JC viral immune surveillance, G-CSF may be useful as an immune-enhancing therapy for patients with non-HIV–associated PML.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 107950"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144325642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VIDAS® TB-IGRA assay for diagnosing tuberculosis infection in people living with HIV: A preliminary study","authors":"Aliasgar Esmail ,&nbsp;Jeremi Swanepoel ,&nbsp;Suzette Oelofse ,&nbsp;Brandon Reyneke ,&nbsp;Anil Pooran ,&nbsp;Shameem Jaumdally ,&nbsp;Lara Wiese ,&nbsp;Keertan Dheda","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The diagnosis of presumed latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) is problematic in people living with HIV (PLWH) because of sub-optimal sensitivity and high indeterminate rates, especially in those with advanced immunosuppression. Better diagnostic tools for LTBI are needed in this sub-population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We compared the sensitivity of VIDAS TB-IGRA, a fully automated RD1-specific new interferon-ϒ-release assay (IGRA), to QFT-Plus in 77 PLWH with active pulmonary TB who had varying CD4 counts. Sputum culture positivity served as the reference standard for active TB.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The sensitivity of VIDAS TB-IGRA was similar to QFT-Plus overall [90.9% (70/77) vs 92.0% (69/75)], in those with CD4 &lt;200 cells/mm³, [88.9% (40/45) vs 88.6% (39/44)], and in those with CD4 &lt;100 [85.7% (18/21) vs 80.0% (16/20)]. However, VIDAS TB-IGRA had a higher sensitivity in those with CD4 &lt;50 [92.3% (12/13) vs 75% (9/12)] and fewer indeterminate results overall [0 vs 2]. When the indeterminate results in this subgroup were regarded as negative, the comparative sensitivity was [92.3% (12/13) vs 69.2% (9/13)].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>VIDAS TB-IGRA had a similar sensitivity to QFT-Plus in PLWH. Whether VIDAS TB-IGRA sensitivity is significantly better at lower CD4 counts remains to be confirmed in a larger study. These data have implications for the diagnosis of LTBI in those with advanced immunosuppression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 107955"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144316864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High diversity of Coxiella burnetii genotypes in Q fever human cases from Spain, 2012-2024","authors":"Judit Gil-Zamorano ,&nbsp;Daniel Cifo ,&nbsp;María Teresa Llorente ,&nbsp;Manuela Rodríguez-Vargas ,&nbsp;Rosa Estévez-Reboredo ,&nbsp;Diana Gómez-Barroso ,&nbsp;David González-Barrio ,&nbsp;Isabel Jado","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of this study is to reveal the genetic diversity of <em>Coxiella burnetii</em> found in human clinical cases in Spain to increase knowledge of its basic and molecular epidemiology. Q fever is a globally zoonotic disease caused by <em>C. burnetii</em>, an intracellular gram-negative bacterium that demonstrates remarkable resilience to adverse environmental conditions. Spain has had the highest number of annually notified human cases since 2017; however, information on circulating genotypes in human infections is limited.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively analyzed samples from patients diagnosed with Q fever in Spain during 2012–2024. <em>Coxiella burnetii</em> genotypes were determined by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Six different genotypes (SNP1–SNP3, SNP6, SNP8, and SNP9) were correctly identified in 52 out of 66 initially analyzed samples, revealing high genetic variability in human clinical samples.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div><em>Coxiella burnetii</em> in Spain showed a high genetic variability in human clinical samples, revealing a possible geographical pattern between molecular variability and clinical signs, thus we can conclude that further research in other reservoir species such as livestock, wildlife and ticks is needed to clarify the molecular epidemiology of the bacterium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 107948"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}