International Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Host factors, not Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage, predict unfavorable outcomes in drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis: evidence from RePORT-Brazil.","authors":"Emilyn Costa Conceição, Yrneh Yadamis Prado Palacios, Klauss Villalva-Serra, Mariana Araújo-Pereira, Bruna Moreira, Guilherme da Silva Lourenço Carvalho, Jaquelane Silva, Saulo Reis Nery Santos, Marina Cruvinel Figueiredo, Leonardo Bruno Paz Ferreira Barreto, Guislaine Refrégier, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz Mello, Marcelo Cordeiro-Santos, Bruno B Andrade, Valeria C Rolla, Timothy R Sterling, Maria Cristina da Silva Lourenço","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) lineage was independently associated with clinical presentation and unfavorable treatment outcomes in drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in a large Brazilian cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 900 rifampicin- and isoniazid-susceptible Mtb isolates from adults enrolled in the multicenter RePORT-Brazil cohort using 24-loci MIRU-VNTR genotyping. Treatment outcome analyses included 772 participants with complete follow-up. Associations between lineage and a composite unfavorable outcome (death, failure, or recurrence) were evaluated using pre-specified multivariable Firth logistic regression adjusted for demographic, clinical, and geographic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen lineages were identified, predominantly LAM (56.7%) and Haarlem (30.6%). Although lineage distribution varied by region, lineage was not independently associated with unfavorable outcomes. HIV infection and older age were the strongest predictors. Baseline clinical features and treatment outcomes were largely similar across lineages. Among 43 participants with positive month-2 cultures, 22 were genotyped and in 5/22 (22.7%) the month-2 isolate belonged to a different lineage from the baseline isolate, consistent with reinfection or mixed infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In drug-susceptible pulmonary TB, host-related factors, rather than Mtb lineage, were more strongly associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"109149"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of response to Buruli ulcer treatment shortening with novel beta-lactam-containing antimicrobial combinations.","authors":"Umberto Villani, Salvatore D'Agate, Emma Sáez-López, Santiago Ramón-García, Oscar Della Pasqua","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Whilst rifampicin (RIF, q.d.) plus clarithromycin (CLA, b.i.d.) for 8 weeks is an effective treatment for Buruli ulcer (BU), this prolonged regimen presents challenges for adherence, particularly in community-based settings. Using a mechanism-based modelling and simulation framework, informed by In vitro bactericidal activity data, this study aimed to predict whether adding amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMX/CLV) could shorten BU treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In vitro time-kill data for RIF, CLA, and AMX/CLV, alone and in combination, against Mycobacterium ulcerans isolates were analysed using a nonlinear mixed-effects approach. Clinical trial simulations (n=70/arm) then assessed bacterial eradication times for standard therapy versus AMX/CLV-containing regimens, including higher RIF doses, while accounting for population pharmacokinetic variability and drug skin penetration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In vitro time-kill analyses showed that, excluding isolate ITM070290, AMX/CLV-containing combinations provide comparable or superior potency and faster killing rates than the standard of care. Clinical trial simulations predicted these regimens can reliably achieve bacterial eradication within 4 and 6 weeks for moderate and high bacterial loads, respectively, with only one exception requiring over 8 weeks in high-burden scenarios.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Incorporating AMX/CLV alongside optimized RIF doses shows strong potential to shorten BU treatment from 8 weeks down to 4-6 weeks, supporting its ongoing evaluation in clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"109152"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelled assumptions are the only way to estimate the possibility to prevent iGAS.","authors":"Ronny Gunnarsson, Erik Wiezell, Carl Wikberg, Pär-Daniel Sundvall, Karin Rystedt","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"109005"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148602584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor on \"The plague of Athens (430-427 BC): integration of historical, clinical, and ancient DNA data supports an invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica etiology,\" by Trakatelli et al., 2026.","authors":"Gerardo Rojo-Marcos","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.108991","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"108991"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148470500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-Genome Sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Lebanon: Updated Genomic Insights.","authors":"Marianne Antar Soutou, Hiam Yaacoub, Zeina Awad, Laurice Tabet, Sirine Abou Ismail, Danielle Chaaya, Camille Allam, Clément Lecarpentier, Kevin LA, Nicolas Godron, Sukaina Basma, Laurent Raskine, Marianne Abifadel, Josette Najjar-Pellet, Emmanuelle Cambau, Christophe Sola","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Lebanon is a low-burden tuberculosis (TB) country with a complex demographic context shaped by migration, socioeconomic instability, and recent healthcare disruptions. We aimed to characterize the population structure, drug resistance, and transmission dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using whole-genome sequencing (WGS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>WGS was performed on 218 M. tuberculosis isolates collected in Lebanon between 2018 and 2024, of which 196 passed quality control. TB-Profiler identified lineages and resistance-associated mutations, with results compared against available phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) and line-probe assays (LPA). TB-Annotator provided high-resolution sub-lineage classification, phylogenomic contextualization within a global MTB dataset, and identification of genomic clusters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lineage 4 predominated (71.4%), followed by Lineage 3 (15.3%), Lineage 2 (6.6%), and Lineage 1 (6.1%), with a single rare Lineage 7 isolate. Resistance-associated mutations were identified in 41.3% of isolates, including MDR-TB (7.1%) and pre-XDR-TB (2.6%). WGS-based resistance prediction showed high concordance (91.8%-100%) with phenotypic DST and LPA. Fourteen genomic clusters included 29/195 isolates (14.9%); incorporation of publicly available Lebanese genomes identified additional Lineage 4-associated clusters, supporting ongoing local transmission.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This nationwide WGS study revealed a highly diverse MTB population in Lebanon and supports the integration of WGS into routine TB surveillance and control activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"109155"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeled assumptions should not be mistaken for measured prevention.","authors":"Magnus Gisslén, Lars Hagberg, Kristian Roos","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"109007"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148591481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Efficacy of the 4CMenB vaccine against gonorrhoea among men who have sex with men in Hong Kong: A double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial\" [International Journal of Infectious Diseases 170 (2026) 108926].","authors":"Tsz Ho Kwan, Denise Pui Chung Chan, Christopher Koon Chi Lai, Teddy Tai-Ning Lam, Chi Keung Kwan, Shui Shan Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"171 ","pages":"109112"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148919314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory viral and bacterial pathogen dynamics among healthcare workers and community members in Ethiopia: A prospective cohort study.","authors":"Esayas Kebede Gudina, Eyob Girma Abera, Solomon Ali, Wondimagegn Adissu Maleko, Amelie Hohensee, Rebecca Kisch, Kira Elsbernd, Daniel Yilma, Christof Geldmacher, Andreas Wieser, Arne Kroidl","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Respiratory infections cause substantial morbidity, with high burden in low-resource settings where surveillance is limited. We characterized symptomatic respiratory event burden and etiologic patterns in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort of urban community members and healthcare workers (HCWs) at Jimma University Medical Center, Ethiopia, was followed from November 2022-December 2024. Nasopharyngeal swabs from symptomatic episodes were tested for viral and bacterial pathogens using multiplex and quantitative PCR. Person-period logistic regression assessed factors for symptomatic episodes; generalized linear mixed models identified factors for pathogen detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 500 participants, 163 (32.6%) experienced 237 symptomatic episodes (2.08 per 100 person-months; 95% CI: 1.81-2.34). The Tsedey (September-November) season (aOR: 1.98; p<0.001) and HIV positivity (aOR: 1.62; p=0.044) were independently associated with symptomatic episodes. Viral pathogens were detected in 50.4% (116/230), mainly HRV, adenovirus, and SARS-CoV-2, while bacterial nucleic acid, predominantly S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae, was detected by nasopharyngeal PCR in 60.5% (135/223) of tested episodes. The Tsedey season was associated with viral (aOR: 3.58; p=0.004) and bacterial detection (aOR: 3.96; p=0.002). HCWs had higher odds of viral detection (aOR: 2.29; p=0.023).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pathogens were frequently detected in symptomatic individuals. Seasonality drove respiratory episodes and viral/bacterial detection. HIV increased symptom risk; HCW status increased viral but not bacterial detection. Findings support seasonal surveillance and targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"109157"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Epidemiology of Measles Viruses Circulating During the 2026 Nationwide Measles Outbreak in Bangladesh.","authors":"Md Abdullah Omar Nasif, Sharmin Sultana, Mahbubur Rahman, Maruf Ahmed Bhuiyan, Mohammad Rashedul Hassan, Farzana Islam Khan, Kyaw Thowai Prue Prince, Manjur Hossain Khan Jony, Ariful Basher, Shrebash Paul, Ahmed Nawsher Alam, Tahmina Shirin, Quazi Ahmed Zaki","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bangladesh experienced a large-scale resurgence of measles during 2026. We investigated the genomic epidemiology of the measles virus (MeV) during this outbreak. A total of 100 suspected cases were recruited from a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, of whom 89 tested positive for MeV by RT-PCR. Near-complete MeV genomes were recovered from 24 selected samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the outbreak was associated with closely related MeV sequences belonging to genotype B3. The median age of the confirmed cases was 8 months, with 61% cases younger than 9 months. Among the confirmed cases, 79% were unvaccinated.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"109158"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imported mosquito-borne infectious diseases in travelers and migrants: Global patterns, clinical overlap, and prevention gaps-an umbrella review of 21 systematic reviews.","authors":"Taining Sha, Zihuan Liao, Tanwei Yuan, Yin Wang, Wei Liang, Enyu Xu, Xiuling Zhang, Zhenwang Li, Jinkou Zhao, Olaf Müller, Guangyu Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2026.109160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Imported mosquito-borne infectious diseases (MBIDs) pose public health challenges in nonendemic regions, but cross-disease evidence remains fragmented. We conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews to identify gaps and inform clinical practice and research priorities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) were searched from inception to December 3, 2025, for systematic reviews on nine imported MBIDs, including chikungunya, dengue, Rift Valley fever, yellow fever, Zika, lymphatic filariasis, malaria, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile fever. Only English-language publications were included. Epidemiological, clinical, and prevention data were extracted; methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR 2; and evidence gaps were examined through bibliometric mapping.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 2610 references, 21 systematic reviews were included, resulting in the synthesis of 1946 studies from 1943 to 2025 across seven of the nine prespecified imported MBIDs. No eligible systematic reviews were identified for Japanese encephalitis or West Nile fever. Dengue had the most importation evidence mainly from Asia, with 42,264 European cases. Malaria had migration flows from West Africa and India. Yellow fever, Rift Valley fever, and lymphatic filariasis were rarely reported, although one migrant-focused review reported 2449 filariasis cases in Europe. Clinical presentations, particularly fever, myalgia, and rash, overlapped. Severe malaria fatality was 5.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.0-6.2%), dengue fatality was 0.08-12.5%, and yellow fever fatality was 28.6%. Only five reviews addressed prevention. The evidence was uneven: 66.4% of the studies were conducted in Europe and 0.6% in Africa; dengue and malaria dominated the output; and Rift Valley fever accounted for <1% of all studies. Methodological quality was critically low in 66.7% of the reviews and high in 9.5%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The evidence base for imported MBIDs reveals major asymmetries across diseases, outcomes, geographies, and populations, limiting evidence-based management of viral MBIDs, sustaining reliance on symptom-based approaches, and overlooking vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"109160"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149080832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}