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The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the development of respiratory infections caused by Aspergillus spp., Mucor spp., and Pneumocystis jirovecii within the National Health System of Spain. SARS-CoV-2大流行对西班牙国家卫生系统内由曲霉、毛霉菌和吉罗氏肺囊虫引起的呼吸道感染发展的影响
IF 4.3 2区 医学
International Journal of Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108101
Raúl Parra Fariñas, Montserrat Alonso-Sardón, Pablo Solís, Beatriz Rodríguez Alonso, Alex García Tellado, Inmaculada Izquierdo, Moncef Belhassen-García, Javier Pardo-Lledias
{"title":"The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the development of respiratory infections caused by Aspergillus spp., Mucor spp., and Pneumocystis jirovecii within the National Health System of Spain.","authors":"Raúl Parra Fariñas, Montserrat Alonso-Sardón, Pablo Solís, Beatriz Rodríguez Alonso, Alex García Tellado, Inmaculada Izquierdo, Moncef Belhassen-García, Javier Pardo-Lledias","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fungal diseases cause over 1.5 million deaths annually, with Mucor spp. being major threats. The COVID-19 pandemic led to the widespread use of facemasks, which reduced the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory infections, including fungal diseases. This study examines the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and the use of face masks on the incidence of fungal respiratory infections in Spain.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted on patients hospitalized with respiratory fungal infections in Spanish NHS hospitals from 2017 to 2022. The data were divided into two periods: pre-COVID-19 (2017-2019) and post-COVID-19 (2020-2022). Patients diagnosed with aspergillosis, mucormycosis, or pneumocystosis were included. The incidence rate was calculated per 100,000 population. Statistical analyses included Chi-square tests, odds ratios (OR), and ANOVA, with significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2017 and 2022, 17,374 patients were hospitalized for Aspergillus infections, 6,598 for Pneumocystis, and 474 for Mucor. Aspergillus incidence rose from 5.34 to 6.94 per 100,000, with a peak of 8.18 in the third year of the pandemic. Pneumocystis and mucormycosis also showed increased incidences. Case fatality rates (CFR) increased for all infections during the pandemic. Aspergillosis had the highest CFR (29.9%), with SARS-CoV-2 coinfection affecting 32% of cases. Coinfection significantly increased hospital stays and ICU admissions, especially for aspergillosis CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased the incidence and severity of respiratory fungal infections in Spain, particularly aspergillosis. Pneumocystosis and mucormycosis also showed moderate increases. Case fatality rates increased in all three infections. SARS-CoV-2 coinfection had the greatest clinical impact on aspergillosis, with increased ICU admissions longer hospital stays, and increased mortality. Similar trends of increased severity and fatal outcomes were observed in pneumocystosis and mycosis when co-infected with SARS-CoV-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"108101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors and Prognosis of Herpes Zoster (Shingles) Infection in Türkiye: VARICOMP-Adult-2 Study. 评估<s:1>基ye带状疱疹(带状疱疹)感染的临床特征、危险因素和预后:VARICOMP-Adult-2研究
IF 4.3 2区 医学
International Journal of Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108105
Ozge Ozgen-Top, Zehra Karacaer, Ece Firuze Ozkan, Hasan Selcuk Ozger, Nese Saltoglu, Nefise Oztoprak-Cuvalci, Ayse Seza Inal, Birsen Mutlu, Damla Boztas, Rehile Zengin, Alpay Azap, Sema Alp-Cavus, Ali Acar, Didem Tuba Akcalı, Irem Akdemir, Dilek Bayramgurler, Hande Berk-Cam, Ahmet Çagkan Inkaya, Dilek Dasgın, Secil Deniz, Gamze Erfan, Ozlem Guler, Nilsel Ilter, Behice Kurtaran, Zekayi Kutlubay, Selda Sayin-Kutlu, Ayse Sesin Kocagoz, Ener Cagri Dinleyici, Esin Senol
{"title":"Evaluation of Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors and Prognosis of Herpes Zoster (Shingles) Infection in Türkiye: VARICOMP-Adult-2 Study.","authors":"Ozge Ozgen-Top, Zehra Karacaer, Ece Firuze Ozkan, Hasan Selcuk Ozger, Nese Saltoglu, Nefise Oztoprak-Cuvalci, Ayse Seza Inal, Birsen Mutlu, Damla Boztas, Rehile Zengin, Alpay Azap, Sema Alp-Cavus, Ali Acar, Didem Tuba Akcalı, Irem Akdemir, Dilek Bayramgurler, Hande Berk-Cam, Ahmet Çagkan Inkaya, Dilek Dasgın, Secil Deniz, Gamze Erfan, Ozlem Guler, Nilsel Ilter, Behice Kurtaran, Zekayi Kutlubay, Selda Sayin-Kutlu, Ayse Sesin Kocagoz, Ener Cagri Dinleyici, Esin Senol","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to determine the estimated prevalence of herpes zoster (HZ) infection in the adult population in Türkiye and the rates of HZ-associated complications and risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, multicenter (n=11), cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2016 and January 2022 and included all patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with shingles following screening based on ICD-10 codes. The prevalence of HZ infection was calculated; rates of HZ-related complications (recurrence, hospitalization, postherpetic neuralgia [PHN]) and associated risk factors were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 6114 HZ patients were included; the estimated 5-year HZ prevalence in Turkiye was 908.7 per 100,000 population. Of the patients, 851 (14.2%) were immunocompromised, 366 (6%) were hospitalized due to HZ, 284 (8.9%) experienced PHN, 97 (3.2%) experienced recurrence of the patients. Risk factors for PHN were older age (≥50 years [OR=3.19; p<0.001)], and trigeminal dermatome involvement (OR=2.45; p=0.006). Antiviral use was associated with reduced PHN risk (OR=0.16; p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our multicenter cross-sectional study revealed the high burden of HZ in Türkiye and highlighted the potential for increasing prevalence due to risk factors including aging and comorbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"108105"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The evolution of dengue fever trends in the Central-West Region of Brazil: an 11-year analysis of incidence data from 2013 to 2023 in Mato Grosso do Sul. 巴西中西部地区登革热趋势演变:南马托格罗索州2013年至2023年11年发病率数据分析
IF 4.3 2区 医学
International Journal of Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108103
Cristina Valencia, Benedetta Ghezzi, Roberto Dias de Oliveira, Daniel Tsuha, Waldno Lucena Júnior, Alberta Di Pasquale, Morgan Mc Namara, Juliana Senra, Denise Abud, Julio Croda
{"title":"The evolution of dengue fever trends in the Central-West Region of Brazil: an 11-year analysis of incidence data from 2013 to 2023 in Mato Grosso do Sul.","authors":"Cristina Valencia, Benedetta Ghezzi, Roberto Dias de Oliveira, Daniel Tsuha, Waldno Lucena Júnior, Alberta Di Pasquale, Morgan Mc Namara, Juliana Senra, Denise Abud, Julio Croda","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2024, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil became the first municipality to launch a mass dengue vaccination campaign in individuals aged 4-60 years of age. We describe the historical incidence of dengue in Dourados and the municipality of Ponta Porã, Mato Grosso do Sul where vaccination was limited to individuals aged 10-14 years as part of a vaccination campaign initiated in Feb 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive, retrospective, epidemiological study used aggregated dengue data from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System collected from January 2013 to December 2023 for individuals aged 4-60 years from Dourados and Ponta Porã. Annual incidence of suspected and confirmed dengue cases was expressed as cases per 100,000 population and stratified by sex, age, and calendar month.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>19,349 suspected and 11,439 confirmed dengue cases were reported in Dourados and 13,260 suspected and 6861 confirmed dengue cases in Ponta Porã. The 4-17 years age group had lowest incidence rates (confirmed: Dourados=217/100,000, Ponta Porã=295/100,000), with higher incidence rates in the 18-45 years age group (confirmed: Dourados=681/100,000, Ponta Porã=1089/100,000). There was a reduced relative risk of dengue for the 4-17 versus 18-45 age group (IRR =0.27-0.32). Peak incidence rates occurred in March-April, with lowest rates in August-October.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dengue is a public health challenge in Mato Grosso do Sul. Preventive interventions are crucial to alleviate disease burden and control outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"108103"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145250992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Population Pharmacokinetics of Nebulized Polymyxin B in Epithelial Lining Fluid of Critically Ill Patients with Invasive Mechanical Ventilation. 危重患者有创机械通气上皮内膜液中雾化多粘菌素B的群体药动学研究。
IF 4.3 2区 医学
International Journal of Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108106
Qun Zhang, Mingyue Wang, Linlin Hu, Yu-Wei Lin, Phillip J Bergen, Ji Zhou, Qian Qian, Wenkui Sun
{"title":"Population Pharmacokinetics of Nebulized Polymyxin B in Epithelial Lining Fluid of Critically Ill Patients with Invasive Mechanical Ventilation.","authors":"Qun Zhang, Mingyue Wang, Linlin Hu, Yu-Wei Lin, Phillip J Bergen, Ji Zhou, Qian Qian, Wenkui Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nebulized polymyxin B (PMB) is increasingly used to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR) respiratory infections. However, pharmacokinetics (PK) data for nebulized PMB in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of critically ill patients are limited due to clinical challenges. This study characterized the PK of nebulized PMB in ELF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood samples were obtained from 13 intubated patients receiving nebulized PMB (25 mg) for severe pneumonia caused by MDR gram-negative pathogens, without intravenous PMB administration. PMB1 concentrations were quantified using HPLC-MS/MS, and ELF concentrations were calculated using urea dilution. Data were analyzed using non-linear mixed effect modelling, and steady-state exposure metrics were determined through simulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Plasma PMB1 concentrations were undetectable in all patients. Maximum ELF concentrations ranged from 208.5 to 596.7 mg/L one-hour post-administration. A one-compartment PK model best described the data, indicating rapid elimination from ELF. Using the final population PK model, at steady-state, the total AUC<sub>tau,ss</sub> ranged from 901 to 1620 mg·h/L (median, 1190 mg·h/L), the C<sub>tau,ss</sub> from 0.39 to 9.84 mg/L (median, 2.23 mg/L), and T<sub>1/2</sub> from 1.15 to 2.06 h (median, 1.51 h).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This robust PK model provides critical insights into the pulmonary PK of nebulized PMB, informing optimal clinical use.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"108106"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145250960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sex Differences in Adverse Event Reporting Rates Following COVID-19 Vaccination in South Korea During the Pandemic. 大流行期间韩国COVID-19疫苗接种后不良事件报告率的性别差异
IF 4.3 2区 医学
International Journal of Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108107
Jeong Ah Kim, Suvin Park, Haerin Cho, Na-Young Jeong, Nam-Kyong Choi
{"title":"Sex Differences in Adverse Event Reporting Rates Following COVID-19 Vaccination in South Korea During the Pandemic.","authors":"Jeong Ah Kim, Suvin Park, Haerin Cho, Na-Young Jeong, Nam-Kyong Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Sex differences in adverse event (AE) reporting rates following COVID-19 vaccination were analyzed using data from South Korea's national pharmacovigilance system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed AE reports related to COVID-19 vaccines, as recorded in the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System between February 26, 2021, and December 31, 2022. AEs were classified according to the System Organ Class (SOC) and the Preferred Term (PT), as defined by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. Reporting rates were calculated as the number of reported COVID-19 vaccine-AE pairs per 100,000 vaccine doses administered. The female-to-male (F/M) ratios were calculated by dividing the reporting rate for females by that for males, and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 887,153 reported COVID-19 vaccine-AE pairs, females showed significantly higher reporting rates in 17 of the 24 SOCs, with the greatest disparity observed in infections and infestations (F/M ratio 3.21 [95% CI 3.05-3.38]). Males exhibited higher rates only for cardiac disorders (0.93 [0.89-0.98]). Among the 340 PTs, 104 exhibited significant sex differences. Females had higher reporting rates in 98 PTs, with injection site pruritus (9.00 [5.34-15.17]) showing the largest difference. Conversely, males had higher rates in six PTs, most notably for myocardial infarction (0.33 [0.18-0.60]) and cardiac arrest (0.33 [0.14-0.78]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings underscore the importance of accounting for sex differences in vaccine development, clinical trials, and post-marketing safety monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"108107"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145250984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Long-term trajectories of Hepatic and Metabolic biomarkers after switching from TDF to TAF in ART-Experienced PWH with and without Hepatic Coinfection: Data from the ICONA Cohort. 伴有或不伴有肝脏合并感染的art -经历的PWH患者从TDF切换到TAF后肝脏和代谢生物标志物的长期轨迹:来自ICONA队列的数据
IF 4.3 2区 医学
International Journal of Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108081
M Poliseno, S Lo Caputo, A Tavelli, R Gagliardini, L Gazzola, A Saracino, T A Santantonio, N Squillace, M Puoti, V Mazzotta, A Antinori, A d'Arminio Monforte, A Cozzi-Lepri
{"title":"Long-term trajectories of Hepatic and Metabolic biomarkers after switching from TDF to TAF in ART-Experienced PWH with and without Hepatic Coinfection: Data from the ICONA Cohort.","authors":"M Poliseno, S Lo Caputo, A Tavelli, R Gagliardini, L Gazzola, A Saracino, T A Santantonio, N Squillace, M Puoti, V Mazzotta, A Antinori, A d'Arminio Monforte, A Cozzi-Lepri","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Long-term effects of switching from Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) to Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) on hepatic, renal, and metabolic parameters remain poorly characterized, especially in people with HIV (PWH) and HBV coinfection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 24-month trajectories before and after the switch to TDF/TAF in ART-experienced, virologically suppressed participants from the ICONA cohort, excluding those who started antiviral treatment or had detectable HCV-RNA during the study period. Mean values at 18 (T<sub>-18</sub>) and 6 months (T<sub>-6</sub>) pre-switch, at switch, and 6, 12, and 24 months post-switch (T<sub>+6</sub>, T<sub>+12</sub>, T<sub>+24</sub>) were assessed using adjusted mixed linear models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 6 months, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) decreased modestly by -3.05 [-6.42, 0.31] U/L, remaining stable at T+24; similar toother liver damage markers. In participants with chronic liver enzyme elevation, ALT reductions were more marked (-20.5 to -22.6 U/L from T<sub>+6</sub> to T<sub>+24</sub>). Total cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, and triglycerides increased by 14.46, 10.70, and 11.56 mg/dL, respectively, at T<sub>+6</sub>, and then stabilized thereafter. PWH with baseline LDL-Cholesterol <100 mg/dL showed larger LDL increases. Compared to HIV-monoinfected, HBsAg+ individuals had higher ALT and lower eGFR on TDF, differences attenuated after switching to TAF(p<0.001 and p=0.002). No lipid trajectory differences emerged by coinfection status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Greater hepatic improvement was noticed after TDF to TAF switch in PWH with HBV coinfection, with no differences in lipid increases compared to monoinfected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"108081"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epidemiology, Outcomes, and Factors Associated with Mortality in Pediatric Tuberculosis in Thailand: A National Health Security Office Data Analysis From 2015-2023. 泰国儿童结核病的流行病学、结局和死亡率相关因素:2015-2023年国家卫生安全办公室数据分析
IF 4.3 2区 医学
International Journal of Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108099
Rattapon Uppala, Phanthila Sitthikarnkha, Kaewjai Thepsuthammarat, Leelawadee Techasatian, Suchaorn Saengnipanthkul, Pope Kosalaraksa, Sirapoom Niamsanit
{"title":"Epidemiology, Outcomes, and Factors Associated with Mortality in Pediatric Tuberculosis in Thailand: A National Health Security Office Data Analysis From 2015-2023.","authors":"Rattapon Uppala, Phanthila Sitthikarnkha, Kaewjai Thepsuthammarat, Leelawadee Techasatian, Suchaorn Saengnipanthkul, Pope Kosalaraksa, Sirapoom Niamsanit","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public-health concern in low- and middle-income settings. This study described national epidemiology, trends, and factors associated with in-hospital mortality among children and adolescents with TB in Thailand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationwide retrospective cohort was built from the National Health Security Office database for admissions under the Universal Coverage Scheme (2015-2023). Children aged 1 month to 18 years with TB (ICD-10-TM A15-A19) were included. Annual prevalence was calculated per 100,000 NHSO-covered population. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with death.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 14,080 admissions, national prevalence declined from 13.5 to 10.8 per 100,000 population, and in-hospital mortality fell from 3.5% (2015) to 2.9% (2023). Older adolescents (15-18 years) had the greatest admission burden and higher odds of death than children <5 years (AOR 1.86; 95% CI 1.31-2.65). Relative to the capital, Bangkok, admissions in non-capital regions-particularly the Central region-had higher mortality (AOR 2.13; 95% CI 1.43-3.18; p<0.001). Independent associations with death included HIV co-infection (AOR 3.79; 95% CI 2.93-4.90; p<0.001), congenital heart disease (AOR 3.50; 95% CI 1.45-8.45; p=0.005), malnutrition (AOR 2.06; 95% CI 1.32-3.23; p=0.001), and TB of the nervous system (AOR 2.12; 95% CI 1.47-3.05; p<0.001). Organ dysfunction showed the strongest associations: septic shock (AOR 25.87; 95% CI 18.24-36.71), acute liver failure (AOR 46.74; 95% CI 17.99-121.38), and encephalopathy (AOR 17.43; 95% CI 7.84-38.74) (all p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>National prevalence and in-hospital mortality declined modestly, yet deaths clustered in adolescents and in children with comorbidities, central-nervous-system disease, and acute organ failure. Active case-finding and targeted clinical pathways for these vulnerable groups are needed to further reduce mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"108099"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparative Effectiveness of Combination Therapy with Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir and Molnupiravir versus Monotherapy with Molnupiravir or Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir in Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients: A Target Trial Emulation Study. 尼马特利韦-利托那韦和莫硝匹拉韦联合治疗住院COVID-19患者与莫硝匹拉韦或尼马特利韦-利托那韦单药治疗的疗效比较:一项目标试验模拟研究
IF 4.3 2区 医学
International Journal of Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108097
Eric Yuk Fai Wan, Ming Hong Choi, Boyuan Wang, Yahui Xu, Ian Chi Kei Wong, Esther Wai Yin Chan, Wing Ming Chu, Anthony Raymond Tam, Kwok Yung Yuen, Ivan Fan Ngai Hung
{"title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Combination Therapy with Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir and Molnupiravir versus Monotherapy with Molnupiravir or Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir in Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients: A Target Trial Emulation Study.","authors":"Eric Yuk Fai Wan, Ming Hong Choi, Boyuan Wang, Yahui Xu, Ian Chi Kei Wong, Esther Wai Yin Chan, Wing Ming Chu, Anthony Raymond Tam, Kwok Yung Yuen, Ivan Fan Ngai Hung","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir have demonstrated efficacy in reducing hospitalisation and mortality among unvaccinated, high-risk COVID-19 outpatients. However, their impact on hospitalised adults remains unclear. Preclinical studies suggest that combining these antivirals may reduce viral shedding and enhance survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This target trial emulation study compared the safety and efficacy of combined molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir versus monotherapy in hospitalised COVID-19 patients in Hong Kong. Data from 28,355 patients aged 18 and older, treated within five days of hospital admission between March 16, 2022, and March 31, 2024, were analysed. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to balance baseline characteristics and outcomes, including mortality, ICU admission, and ventilatory support, which were analysed using Cox proportional hazards models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir monotherapy significantly reduced mortality risk (HR: 0.62; 95% CI 0.50-0.77; ARR: -3.16%) compared to combination therapy, with no differences in ICU admission or ventilatory support. It also lowered risks of acute liver injury (HR: 0.53 [95% CI 0.32-0.88]), kidney injury (HR: 0.61 [95% CI 0.51-0.74]), and hyperglycaemia (HR: 0.73 [95% CI 0.57-0.93]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combining nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and molnupiravir does not significantly reduce mortality, ICU admissions, or ventilatory support needs in hospitalised COVID-19 adults. Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir monotherapy is more effective, but further randomised controlled trials are required to confirm these findings.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>The Health & Medical Research Fund Commissioned Research on COVID-19 (COVID1903010, COVID1903011; COVID19F01).</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"108097"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
First detection of JC polyomavirus in vaginal secretions from nonpregnant women: Exploring sexual transmission as a potential route of infection. 首次在非孕妇阴道分泌物中检测到JC多瘤病毒:探索性传播作为潜在感染途径
IF 4.3 2区 医学
International Journal of Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107992
Joana M Oliveira, Daniela Veiga, Helena Martins, Cristina Luxo, Ana Miguel Matos
{"title":"First detection of JC polyomavirus in vaginal secretions from nonpregnant women: Exploring sexual transmission as a potential route of infection.","authors":"Joana M Oliveira, Daniela Veiga, Helena Martins, Cristina Luxo, Ana Miguel Matos","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is a ubiquitous human virus responsible for asymptomatic lifelong persistent infection. Profound immunosuppression, or prolonged treatment with specific immunomodulatory molecules, may result in the development of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML). The main mode of JCPyV transmission remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of JCPyV DNA in vaginal secretions to encourage further research on sexual transmission.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>JCPyV DNA presence was assessed in 293 vaginal swabs of sexually active nonpregnant women through real-time PCR. Samples were selected from individuals attending a screening program for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) at a Portuguese University.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>JCPyV genome was detected in vaginal secretions of 5.1% of the evaluated women. All JCPyV genomes detected were found to belong to the archetype strain, which is commonly associated with virus transmission. Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis was diagnosed in 20% of women with JCPyV in vaginal secretions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this pioneering study suggest that, in addition to other modes of transmission, sexual route may be a potential mode of JCPyV infection acquisition. If it could be proven that JCPyV could be transmitted sexually, protective measures during sexual activity should be reinforced, especially among discordant couples where the noninfected partner belongs to a risk group of developing PML.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"107992"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gastric Fistulization of a Hepatic Hydatid Cyst: An Uncommon Complication. 肝包虫囊胃瘘管化:一种罕见的并发症。
IF 4.3 2区 医学
International Journal of Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108102
Laila Jedidi, Senda Ben Lahouel, Farouk Taamallah, Dorsaf Moualhi, Aya Saidani
{"title":"Gastric Fistulization of a Hepatic Hydatid Cyst: An Uncommon Complication.","authors":"Laila Jedidi, Senda Ben Lahouel, Farouk Taamallah, Dorsaf Moualhi, Aya Saidani","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"108102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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