International Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Sharp increase in the incidence and severity of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections in children after the COVID-19 pandemic (2019-2023): A nationwide multicenter study.","authors":"Elvira Cobo-Vázquez, David Aguilera-Alonso, David Grandioso-Vas, Anna Gamell, Victoria Rello-Saltor, Manuel Oltra-Benavent, Eloisa Cervantes, Francisco Sanz-Santaeufemia, Jaime Carrasco-Colom, Ángela Manzanares-Casteleiro, Laura Martín-Pedraz, Eva Ramírez de Arellano, Lola Falcón-Neira, Leticia Martínez-Campos, Elena Colino-Gil, Beatriz Jiménez-Montero, Olga Calavia, Anna Hernandez-Ventura, Elena Del Castillo-Navío, Vanesa Matías-Del Pozo, Laura Calle-Miguel, Beatriz Soto, Berta Fernández, Filip Camil-Olteanu, Marta Pareja-León, Nuria López-Segura, Fátima Ara-Montojo, Beatriz Ruiz-Sáez, Cristina Calvo-Monge, María Sánchez-Códez, Teresa Reinoso, Katie Badillo, Carmen Vázquez, Pilar Villalón, Jesús Oteo-Iglesias, Isabel Mellado-Sola, Emilia Cercenado, Daniel Blázquez-Gamero, Ana Menasalvas, Maria José González-Abad, Borja Guarch, Mercedes Ibáñez-Alcalde, Begoña Carazo, Mayli Lung, Cristina Calvo, Jesús Saavedra-Lozano","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>A global surge in pediatric invasive group A streptococcal infection (iGAS) was reported after autumn 2022. This study analyzed the epidemiology and severity of iGAS in Spain, comparing two periods; P1: pre-outbreak (January 2019-September 2022) versus P2: outbreak (October 2022-July 2023).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children ≤16 years with iGAS enrolled in the Spanish PedGAS-net (2019-2023), were included. Bacterial isolates were analyzed for emm typing, antibiotic susceptibility, and whole genome sequencing. Multivariate analysis identified risk factors for PICU admission and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>558 cases were included; 307 (55.1%) were male, with a median age of 43.9 months (IQR:19.3-84.1). There were significantly more iGAS in P2 (35.7 vs. 4.5 cases/month, P < 0.001), with higher PICU admissions (51.3% vs. 30.8%, P < 0.001). Pneumonia was the most common syndrome (32.3%), with pleural effusion in 58.3%. Of the 130 samples available for emm-typing, the most frequent were emm1 (56.1%) and emm12 (27.1%). 245 (43.9%) required PICU admission. Factors associated with PICU were streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), pneumonia, necrotizing fasciitis, acute kidney failure, and previous consultation before diagnosis. The emm1 (especially M1_UK) increased PICU risk. 11 children (2.0%) died. STSS, sepsis, and central nervous system infection were associated with mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In Spain, pediatric iGAS cases sharply increased during 2022-2023, with a remarkable increase in severity. Epidemiological surveillance of iGAS remains crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"107982"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Class switch toward IgG2 and IgG4 is more pronounced in BNT162b2 compared to mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccinees.","authors":"Alex S Siebner, Johanna Griesbaum, Kelsey E Huus, Judith Flügge, Kristina Hopfensperger, Tanja Michel, Nicole Schneiderhan-Marra, Daniel Sauter, Peter G Kremsner, Ruth E Ley, Alex Dulovic, Meral Esen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 induces antibodies that reduce the risk of severe disease. Because IgG subclasses differ in their ability to activate complement, to bind Fc receptors and neutralize viruses, it is crucial to understand how IgG subclass responses differ between vaccine platforms.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 binding antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike protein, receptor-binding domain, and S1/S2 subunits responses were quantified using a multiplex immunoassay, after a booster dose of either BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) in a healthy cohort (n = 165) who had received two previous vaccine doses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Boosting increased all subclass IgG levels, except for S1-specific IgG1 and S2-specific IgG2. However, IgG2 and IgG4 levels were significantly higher in BNT162b2 than in mRNA-1273 vaccinees (P = 0.0313 [IgG2 S] and P = 0.0106 [IgG4 RBD], P = 0.0070 [IgG4 S1]). Individuals who had previously received a non-mRNA vaccination showed no significant increase in IgG2 (P = 0.4909 [S]) and IgG4 (P = 0.0607 [S]) post-boost.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Vaccine-specific differences post-booster vaccination were identified and may drive the class switch between IgG2 and IgG4 responses. Given their different roles, these subtle differences may ultimately also affect long-term immunity and protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"107990"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Severe Neonatal Legionella pneumophila Pneumonia: Insights from Clinical Management and Epidemiological Investigation.","authors":"Dr Mohammed Abdullah Al Qasem, Dr Ahmed Sayed Esawy, Dr Ibrahim Ahmed Al Zaydani Asiri, Mr Faya Mohammed Alasiri, Dr Mufareh Hasan Almazkary Asiri, Dr Ahmed Abdoh Aljarie, Dr Ahmad Ali Alzoani","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Legionella pneumophila is a rare but potentially fatal pathogen in neonates.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a critically ill three-week-old full-term male infant admitted to a Saudi tertiary hospital on March 9, 2024, with severe pneumonia and sepsis. The diagnosis was confirmed using the QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel (QIAGEN, Germany), which detected L. pneumophila via multiplex PCR. The specimen tested was an endotracheal aspirate collected through closed suction.</p><p><strong>Management and outcome: </strong>The patient required high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), intensive supportive therapy, and a 21-day course of targeted intravenous moxifloxacin, rifampin, and cefotaxime. Despite liver enzyme elevation likely secondary to sepsis and cardiovascular anomalies, the infant made a full recovery. This case underscores the significance of utilizing the PCR technique to diagnose rare and severe respiratory infections in neonates.</p><p><strong>Epidemiological investigation: </strong>An extensive investigation, including water system sampling, revealed no additional cases, classifying the incident as isolated. Environmental assessments underscored the importance of robust water safety management, surveillance, and prevention strategies to mitigate neonatal Legionella risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case underscores the value of syndromic PCR diagnostics, rapid intervention, and vigilant environmental surveillance in neonatal infection control. National and international water safety plans must maintain surveillance and infection prevention measures to prevent severe neonatal Legionella pneumonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"108098"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative effectiveness of the high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccines for the prevention of laboratory-confirmed influenza among Italian older adults during three recent seasons.","authors":"Alexander Domnich, Andrea Orsi, Alessio Signori, Donatella Panatto, Giancarlo Icardi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of high-dose (HD-IIV) versus standard-dose (SD-IIV) inactivated influenza vaccines against laboratory-confirmed influenza among older adults in Liguria (Italy), Europe's oldest region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An integrated analysis of inpatient and outpatient data collected between the 2022/2023 and 2024/2025 seasons was performed using a test-negative approach. Adults aged ≥60 years vaccinated with either HD-IIV or SD-IIV and molecularly tested for influenza were eligible. For the base-case, rVE was estimated through conditional logistic regression. Alternative approaches, including the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), were used in sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1,238 vaccinated older adults included in the analysis, influenza positivity prevalence was lower (P=0.022) in HD-IIV (6.6%; 46/693) than SD-IIV (10.3%; 56/545) recipients. rVE of HD-IIV versus SD-IIV was 29% (95% CI: -22%, 59%) among subjects aged ≥60 years. Among adults aged ≥80 years, for whom HD-IIV was preferentially recommended, HD-IIV was more effective than SD-IIV by 54% (95% CI: 10%, 76%). IPTW-derived estimates were similar in both ≥60-year-olds (32%; 95% CI: -20%, 61%) and ≥80-year-olds (53%; 95% CI: 7%, 77%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Italian older adults, especially the oldest old, vaccinated with HD-IIV experienced fewer influenza episodes than those immunized with SD-IIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"108100"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Talaromyces Marneffei Infection Involving the Central Nervous System in a Patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Xiao-Qun Ba, Mei-Feng Wang, Wan-Li Huang, Xiao-Fang Ye, Ying-Ying Xu, Mi-Mi Li, Ri-Feng Jiang, Chun-Nuan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Talaromycosis, an opportunistic deep invasive mycosis, is caused by the fungus Talaromyces marneffei and is predominantly observed in individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is exceedingly rare and presents significant diagnostic challenges, often associated with high mortality rates.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This report details a case of CNS Talaromyces marneffei infection in an AIDS patient who initially presented with epileptic seizures. Neuroimaging identified a ring-enhancing lesion within the right frontal lobe, concurrent with a marked elevation in serum β-D-glucan levels. The diagnosis was confirmed through a multimodal approach, including histopathological examination and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Postoperative management involved a sequential regimen of amphotericin B followed by voriconazole, leading to a favorable recovery. The patient is currently on a maintenance elvitegravir-based antiretroviral therapy regimen.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CNS Talaromyces marneffei infection in AIDS patients often lacks specific clinical manifestations, which complicates diagnosis and treatment. This case report contributes to the existing body of knowledge by presenting a successfully managed case, thereby enhancing the understanding of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for similar future presentations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"108096"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global assessment of partial artemisinin resistance: multicenter trial across Kenya, Peru, and Thailand in patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria.","authors":"Ben Andagalu, Edward Smith, Salomon Durand, Hugo O Valdivia, Irene Onyango, Michele Spring, Vanachayangkul Pattaraporn, G Christian Baldeviano, Elazia Majid, Sabaithip Sriwichai, James Cummings, Lorena Tapia, Hosea Akala, Panita Gosi, Cesar Cabezas, Dennis Juma, Saowaluk Wongararunkochakorn, Moises Sihuincha, Chaiyaporn Chaisatit, Lorna Chebon-Bore, Worachet Kuntawunginn, Alaina Halbach, Chanikarn Kodchakorn, Chatchadaporn Thamnurak, Chantida Praditpol, Piyaporn Saingam, Kimberly A Edgel, David Saunders, Agnes Cheruiyot, Ilin Chuang, Ekaterina Milgotina, Paula Fernandes, Andres G Lescano, Nonlawat Boonyalai, Edwin Kamau, Brett M Forshey, Stephanie Cinkovich, Delia Bethell, Krisada Jongsakul, Mark Fukuda","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum challenges the effectiveness of all artemisinin-based combination therapies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a clinical study in Peru, Kenya, and Thailand between June 2013 and November 2015 in subjects treated with three standard doses of artesunate followed by two doses of mefloquine. The primary endpoint was parasite clearance half-life (PC_1/2) during the 72-hour period of treatment. Secondary endpoints included clinical outcome at 42 days, detection of kelch13 (K13) mutations, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean PC_1/2 was higher in the Thai (4.1 hours) than Peruvian (2 hours) or Kenyan cohorts (2.2 hours) (P <0.0001). Higher PC_1/2 was partially explained by K13 mutations in 13 (28%) of 46 Thai subjects, including World Health Organization (WHO) validated and candidate mutations. Twelve (26%) Thai cohort subjects had PC_1/2 ≥5 hours with parasites from nine subjects carrying K13 mutations. There was an overall 42-day cure rate of 100% across all subjects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first concurrent evaluation of artemisinin resistance across three continents. The presence of 11% Thai subjects who satisfied WHO criteria for drug resistance establishes this area as endemic. Longer PC_1/2 found in wild-type and candidate K13 mutant infections within the Thai cohort require further investigation to identify alternative mechanisms of resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"107971"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12410058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144564779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of fatal hemorrhagic fever associated with tick-borne encephalitis virus infection.","authors":"Aleksander Rygh Holten, Andreas Wigmostad Bjerkhaug, Urusha Maharjan, Rikard Rykkvin, Thijs Hagen, Børre Fevang, Else Quist-Paulsen, Liv Hesstvedt, Hanne Regine Hognestad, Kristian Alfsnes, Åshild Kristine Andreassen, Oona Dunlop","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a vector-borne orthoflavivirus responsible for monophasic or biphasic disease with central nervous system manifestations. A middle-aged, severely immunocompromised woman became gradually more febrile after a forest hike. She was admitted to the hospital with thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and elevated liver enzymes, as well as ecchymosis on the truncus. During her hospitalization, she experienced repeated severe hemorrhages from different retroperitoneal blood vessels. Despite successful embolization of the bleeding vessels, she died in circulatory shock due to compression of the inferior vena cava from large retroperitoneal hematomas. Autopsy did not reveal any sign of encephalitis. TBEV was detected in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by polymerase chain reaction. Whole genome sequencing demonstrated clustering with the Kumlinge A52 isolates from Finland, a variant of European TBE.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"107989"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low utilization of targeted tuberculosis (TB) infection testing in the United States: a 15-year serial cross-sectional study.","authors":"Jorge R Ledesma, Yuching Ni, Jacek Skarbinski","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In California, 82% of new tuberculosis (TB) cases occur among people born in TB-endemic countries. Guidelines recommend targeted TB infection (TBI) testing based on risk factors (e.g., birth in a TB-endemic country, immunosuppression), but comprehensive evaluations of testing practices are limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a serial cross-sectional study of adult Kaiser Permanente Northern California members from 2008 to 2023 to assess TBI testing and factors associated with testing and interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 6,572,233 adults, 1,405,896 (21.4%) were tested for TBI. However, 78.1% of tests were among people without TB risk factors. The overall testing rate improved slightly from 5.21 per 100 in 2008 to 6.71 in 2023. People born in TB-endemic countries had 25.2% (24.8-25.5%) lower prevalence of testing compared to US-born persons. Other risk factors were associated with higher testing including close TB contact (aPR = 2.67 [2.63-2.71]), homelessness (aPR = 1.36 [1.33-1.38]), and HIV infection (aPR = 3.58 [3.53-3.63]). Among those tested, individuals from TB-endemic countries were 63.2% (62.0-64.4%) more likely to receive an IGRA than US-born persons.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite guideline recommendations, TBI testing disproportionately overlooks people born in TB-endemic countries while over testing those without risk factors, highlighting a critical gap between evidence and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"107988"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing Seasonal Trends of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Circulation Using Latin American National Surveillance Database during Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Ana Paula Perroud, Diana Leticia Coronel, Enrique Rivas","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) seasonality patterns globally. This study analyzed RSV seasonality trends in Latin America before, during, and after the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An analysis of the Influenza Report of Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) sentinel surveillance reports was conducted across seven Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Mexico) from January 2015 to September 2024. The study examined seasonality trends, testing rates, and RSV subtypes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RSV cases decreased substantially during 2020 across all countries. After the pandemic, RSV showed signs of returning to pre-pandemic seasonal trends with a modest shift (1-4 weeks) in peak timings across countries except for Mexico and Colombia. The duration of the RSV seasonality varied from 4 to 32 weeks across countries. Predominantly negative correlations between RSV and SARS-CoV-2 circulation were observed in most countries, suggesting potential viral interference mechanisms. RSV subtype A predominated in most countries after 2022.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RSV seasonality across Latin American countries is gradually returning to pre-pandemic patterns, with Southern Hemisphere countries showing more consistent recovery than equatorial regions. These findings highlight the importance of continuous surveillance, need for optimizing vaccination strategies and implementing early diagnosis techniques for better preventive measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"108095"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune profiles of immune checkpoint molecules on peripheral T cells in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.","authors":"Xiaoxu Yang, Lan Yao, Xu-Wei Gui, Yangdian Lai, Ping Ji, Ying Wang, Yingying Chen, Wei Sha","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>T cell immunity is impaired due to T cell exhaustion during chronic infection, including infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). However, the immunological characteristics of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Multiparametric flow cytometry was employed to measure the expression of immune checkpoint molecules (CTLA-4, PD-1, TIM-3) and the proliferation marker Ki67 in MDR-TB (n=27) and drug-sensitive TB (NR-TB) (n=51) samples.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>We showed that MDR-TB patients exhibited higher percentages of CTLA-4, PD-1, and TIM-3 expressing T cells than NR-TB subjects before anti-TB treatment. Additionally, significantly higher percentages of CTLA-4⁺ PD-1⁺ and CTLA-4⁺ TIM-3⁺ co-expressing T cells were observed in MDR-TB patients when compared to NR-TB patients. Impaired cell proliferation of T cells was detected in MDR-TB patients with more exhaustion status of T cells. Interestingly, In MDR-TB patients, checkpoint-molecule expression on T cells declined during anti-TB treatment and eventually matched NR-TB levels, whereas NR-TB patients showed no significant change.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results thus indicate that T cells exhibit more exhausted status in MDR-TB patients which could be reversed after the treatment, which suggests that an additional host-directed treatment might improve the efficacy of anti-TB drug regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"108085"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}