International Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"A Prospective Pilot Clinical Study reveals a promising non-toxic anti-biofilm activity of gentamicin-EDTA-Na₂ Central Venous Catheter Lock Solution","authors":"David Lebeaux ,&nbsp;Bérénice Souhail ,&nbsp;Tan-Phuc Bui-Van ,&nbsp;Lénaig Le-Fouler ,&nbsp;Matthieu Lafaurie ,&nbsp;Raphael Lepeule ,&nbsp;Etienne Canoui ,&nbsp;Victoire de Lastours ,&nbsp;Antoine Froissart ,&nbsp;Damien Blez ,&nbsp;Christophe Beloin ,&nbsp;Jean-Marc Ghigo ,&nbsp;Fabrice Pirot ,&nbsp;Carole Dhelens ,&nbsp;Sandrine Fernandes-Pellerin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The treatment of long-term intravenous catheter-related bloodstream infections (LTIVC-related BSI) often requires catheter removal or conservative treatment using intra-catheter locks, with a 50–60% success rate. We previously demonstrated the synergistic effect of a combination of gentamicin and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA-Na₂) against bacterial biofilms. We conducted a phase 1/2 clinical trial to assess the tolerance and efficacy of genta-EDTA-Na₂ locks for the conservative treatment of LTIVC-related BSI.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Prospective study including adult patients with monomicrobial, uncomplicated LTIVC-related BSI caused by gentamicin-susceptible coagulase-negative staphylococci, <em>Enterobacterales,</em> or <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. Primary objective: assess the safety and efficacy at genta-EDTA-Na₂ locks at day 40 (D40) by evaluating the frequency of clinical and microbiological cure 30 days after the end of treatment (D40).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eight patients were included. Complete follow-up was obtained for seven patients, six of whom met the criteria for cure. The single patient with incomplete follow-up met all criteria for cure at D23. A single microbiological failure occurred (relapse of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> LTIVC-related BSI). Two patients experienced at least one serious adverse event; none were attributed to the genta-EDTA-Na₂ locks.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Genta-EDTA-Na₂, used as intra-catheter locks, may be a promising anti-biofilm candidate for evaluation in a randomized controlled trial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 107933"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in nontuberculous mycobacterial disease mortality based on 2000-2022 data from 83 countries.","authors":"Ko Harada, Quynh Thi Vu, Yoshito Nishimura, Tatsuaki Takeda, Hirofumi Hamano, Yusuke Minato, Yoshito Zamami, Toshihiro Koyama, Hideharu Hagiya","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the international trends for nontuberculous mycobacterial-associated mortality rates, as nontuberculous mycobacterial infections are becoming increasingly prevalent and pose a significant public health challenge, especially in older populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study used data from the World Health Organization mortality database, which included patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in 83 countries. We stratified the data by sex, age, and geographic region and calculated crude and age-standardized mortality rates to estimate long-term mortality trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 42,182 nontuberculous mycobacterial infection-associated deaths (58.1% in women) were reported in 83 countries between 2000 and 2022. The locally weighted regression model estimation for the nontuberculous mycobacterial infection-associated mortality rate more than doubled-from 0.36 deaths per 1,000,000 individuals in 2000 to 0.77 deaths per 1,000,000 individuals in 2022. Eighty-six percent of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection-associated deaths occurred in people aged ≥65 years. The mortality rate was the highest in the Western Pacific Region.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the impact of emerging nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases and the importance of targeted interventions for managing and reducing mortality, particularly in vulnerable older populations. Further studies are warranted to determine the factors contributing to geographical disparity and treatment options.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"107932"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of a fatal case of Clostridium porci bacteremia in an 8-month-old girl presenting with purpura fulminans associated with concurrent Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection.","authors":"Tetsuro Oku, Kenichi Tetsuhara, Akihiko Tamaki, Sho Akamine, Yoshitaka Tomita, Rie Kikuno, Mitsumasa Saito, Takayuki Hoshina","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis rarely causes bacteremia, and Clostridium porci, an obligate anaerobic bacterium identified as part of the intestinal microbiota in pigs, has not been reported to cause human infection. We report an infant with VACTERL association who developed purpura fulminans due to concurrent infection with Y. pseudotuberculosis and C. porci. Upon transfer to our hospital, the patient went into shock. Laboratory findings revealed elevated inflammatory markers (white blood cell count of 25.3 × 10⁹/L and serum C-reactive protein level of 4.02 mg/dL), coagulopathy suggestive of disseminated intravascular coagulation (prothrombin time-international normalized ratio of 1.38 and plasma D-dimer level of 7.4 µg/dL), and decreased plasma protein C activity (28%). Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacilli were isolated from blood samples and identified as C. porci and Y. pseudotuberculosis using the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. Despite the intensive care, the patient died 55 h after admission. Since Y. pseudotuberculosis can cause bacteremia, the bacteria should be cultured under conditions that allow Y. pseudotuberculosis to grow when patients with gastrointestinal diseases go into shock. In addition, a detailed analysis of C. porci, including its pathogenicity, is necessary because it can cause severe infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"107931"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-hospital mortality among children and adults hospitalized with COVID-19 in Africa across pre-delta, delta, and omicron SARS-CoV-2 waves","authors":"Seth Inzaule ,&nbsp;Ronaldo Silva ,&nbsp;Soe Soe Thwin ,&nbsp;Jassat Waasila ,&nbsp;Alimuddin Zumla ,&nbsp;Jamie Rylance ,&nbsp;John Appiah ,&nbsp;Janet Diaz ,&nbsp;Silvia Bertagnolio","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study examines in-hospital mortality among children and adults hospitalized with COVID-19 across the pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron waves in the African region.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using individual-level data from 520,810 hospitalized children and adults in 13 African countries. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on in-hospital mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Among children, the risk of in-hospital mortality was comparable between pre-Delta and Delta waves (aHR 1.02, 95% CI 0.77-1.35). In adults, mortality increased by 6% during Delta wave compared with pre-Delta wave (aHR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04-1.09). During Omicron wave, mortality risk decreased significantly by 42% in children (aHR 0.58, 95% CI 0.43-0.80) and 59% in adults (aHR 0.41, 95% CI 0.40-0.43) compared to the Delta wave. Notably, the reduction in mortality risk during the Omicron wave was less pronounced for children with severe or critical COVID-19, those co-infected with HIV, and adults co-infected with either HIV or tuberculosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite a general reduction in mortality risk during Omicron wave, persistently high mortality in specific high-risk groups underscores the importance of prioritizing booster vaccinations and intensified treatment for vulnerable populations as per WHO recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 107924"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiology and long-term outcomes in community-acquired, nosocomial and post-neurosurgical meningitis with positive bacterial culture in Ontario, Canada: A population-based cohort study.","authors":"Anthony D Bai, J Gordon Boyd, Wenbin Li, Robert J Campbell, Sudeep S Gill","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bacterial meningitis is a rare but severe infection that has a high risk of mortality and morbidity. The study objective was to describe the microbiology, long-term mortality risk, and complications from neurologic sequelae for bacterial meningitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included adults with a positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bacterial culture collected from 2014 to 2022 inclusive in Ontario, Canada. Patients were followed for 1 year. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included aspiration, enteral feeding tube insertion, decubitus ulcers, falls and/or fractures, and long-term care admissions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>856(2.1%) patients had positive CSF cultures including 431(50.4%) community-acquired, 255(29.8%) nosocomial and 170(19.9%) post-neurosurgical meningitis cases. Staphylococcus aureus was the second most common pathogen in community-acquired meningitis(10.9%) and the most common pathogen in nosocomial(11.8%) and post-neurosurgical(22.9%) meningitis. All-cause mortality at 30, 90, 180, and 365 days were 11.4%, 13.2%, 14.8% and 16.5% for community-acquired meningitis; 16.5%, 22.4%, 25.1% and 27.1% for nosocomial meningitis; and 10.6%, 20.0%, 25.9% and 28.8% for post-neurosurgical meningitis. Enteral feeding tube was inserted in 2.8%, 15.3%, and 20.0% of community-acquired, nosocomial, and post-neurosurgical meningitis cases respectively. Other secondary outcomes occurred rarely.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>S. aureus was an important pathogen. Meningitis mortality continued to increase over 1 year. For nosocomial and post-neurosurgical meningitis, one in four died by 1 year and many required enteral feeding tube.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"107925"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning for personalized risk assessment of HIV, syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Phyu M. Latt ,&nbsp;Nyi N. Soe ,&nbsp;Christopher K. Fairley ,&nbsp;Eric P.  F. Chow ,&nbsp;Cheryl C. Johnson ,&nbsp;Purvi Shah ,&nbsp;Ismail Maatouk ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jason J. Ong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Machine learning (ML) shows promise for sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk prediction, but systematic evidence of its effectiveness remains fragmented.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We systematically searched six electronic databases, three preprint archives and conference proceedings (January 2010-April 2024). Studies reporting quantitative performance metrics for supervised ML-based STI risk prediction models were included. We used a bivariate random-effects model to estimate pooled sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC). The risk of bias was assessed using the Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. We conducted sequential analyses of studies with complete and reconstructed confusion matrices. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression explored potential sources of heterogeneity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 3877 records screened, 25 studies comprising 45 unique models met inclusion criteria. For HIV, analysis of studies with complete confusion matrices (7 studies, 9 contingency tables) demonstrated summary AUC of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88-0.93), pooled sensitivity 0.84 (0.76-0.90) and specificity 0.84 (0.70-0.93). Substantial heterogeneity persisted across subgroups (<em>I</em>² &gt; 98%). For other STIs, individual studies reported AUCs ranging from 0.75-0.87 for syphilis (<em>n</em> = 5), 0.73-1.00 for gonorrhoea (<em>n</em> = 6) and 0.67-1.00 for chlamydia (<em>n</em> = 6).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>While ML models show promising performance, particularly for HIV, significant heterogeneity complicates interpretation. Future research should prioritize external validation, standardized guidelines and multi-centred robust implementation studies to evaluate clinical impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 107922"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection prevention and control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic and airborne tuberculosis transmission during primary care visits in South Africa","authors":"Nicolas Banholzer ,&nbsp;Keren Middelkoop ,&nbsp;Remo Schmutz ,&nbsp;Juane Leukes ,&nbsp;Kathrin Zürcher ,&nbsp;Matthias Egger ,&nbsp;Robin Wood ,&nbsp;Lukas Fenner","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tuberculosis (TB) transmission in crowded health care settings poses considerable risks in high-burden regions. We assessed how COVID-19 pandemic-related infection prevention and control (IPC) measures might impact TB transmission in a South African primary care clinic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In 2019 (prepandemic) and 2021 (pandemic), we collected clinical data, patient tracking data (person-time and spatial density), indoor CO₂ levels, and concentrations of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (<em>Mtb</em>) DNA in bio-aerosol samples. We estimated the risk of <em>Mtb</em> transmission during a 1-hour visit based on ventilation rate and duration of exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the pandemic, clinics were less crowded, with lower mean person-time per day (209 vs 258 hours; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). TB prevalence among patients also declined (1.1% vs 4.7%; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.052). Environmental indicators suggested improved air quality, with lower CO₂ levels (555 vs 856 parts-per-million; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and higher ventilation rates (15.8 vs 6.3 air changes per hour; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). These changes corresponded with a reduction in modeled <em>Mtb</em> transmission risk (0.04% vs 1.36%; <em>P</em> = 0.046). Airborne <em>Mtb</em> DNA was detected in both periods.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Pandemic-related IPC measures to control COVID-19 transmission were rigorously implemented and likely reduced transmission of airborne respiratory infections, supporting their continued implementation in healthcare settings postpandemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 107921"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New solutions against the dengue global threat: opportunities for Wolbachia interventions.","authors":"G Paz-Bailey, D Jernigan, K Laserson, E Zielinski-Gutierrez, L Petersen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reliance on traditional vector control methods, such as insecticides and \"clean-up\" source reduction efforts for reducing mosquito breeding sites, has proven increasingly ineffective and costly in the battle against dengue. The Wolbachia-based mosquito replacement strategy, which replaces wild mosquitoes with mosquitoes trans-infected with Wolbachia bacteria, preventing up to 77% dengue transmission, represents an advancement in prevention. Integrating this approach into current routine dengue control efforts could reduce dengue incidence. However, challenges such as implementation costs, the need for country ownership, alignment of released mosquitoes with local mosquito populations, increased education and sensitization for government authorities and the public on the benefits of Wolbachia, identifying international funding partners, and recognizing areas where the strategy may be less effective due to environmental or socio-political factors, must be addressed. Furthermore, Wolbachia replacement must focus in areas with high population density and high dengue incidence since it is not feasible to cover all endemic areas. Establishing robust surveillance systems to monitor efficacy against different dengue serotypes is also critical. Despite these challenges, the Wolbachia strategy is the one of the most promising developments in dengue prevention to date. By complementing this approach with effective vaccines, we have the unprecedented opportunity to significantly reduce dengue.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"107923"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QuantiFERON-TB supernatant-based biomarkers predicting active tuberculosis progression","authors":"Haoxin Xu ,&nbsp;Jingyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Qingluan Yang ,&nbsp;Yixuan Yang ,&nbsp;Feiran Zhou ,&nbsp;Mengqing Qian ,&nbsp;Xing Lin ,&nbsp;Wenhong Zhang ,&nbsp;Lingyun Shao ,&nbsp;Qiaoling Ruan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite the higher specificity and reliability of detecting latent tuberculosis (TB) infection, <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em>-specific interferon (IFN)-γ release assays do not perform satisfactorily in predicting the risk of active TB (ATB) development. It is crucial to identify new biomarkers with high predictive accuracy to identify individuals bearing a high risk of progression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a sub-study of an open-label, randomized clinical trial for prevention of TB in silicosis patients. Twenty-six participants were diagnosed with ATB within 37-month’ follow-up. They were defined as TB progressors and matched in a 1:2 ratio with 52 TB nonprogressors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We analyzed expression of 45 cytokines in QuantiFERON supernatants from TB progressors and nonprogressors, and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin (IL)-3, IFN-γ-induced protein 10, IL-10, and IL-9 outperformed IFN-γ as predictive markers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings highlight the potential of new biomarkers in identifying individuals with high risk of TB to undergo early intervention.</div><div>Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT02430259.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 107915"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preschool age participation in mass drug administration: Analyzing the impact on community-wide schistosomiasis control","authors":"John R. Ellis,&nbsp;Roy M. Anderson","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2025.107919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Schistosome infection in childhood is common and can lead to morbidity. A formulation of praziquantel to treat preschool-aged children (PSAC) has been developed recently. This paper assesses the impact of including PSAC in mass drug administration (MDA) on transmission and morbidity at a community-wide level.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used a model of schistosome transmission to simulate the probability of a community reaching elimination as a public health problem (EPHP) and the reduction in morbidity of children resulting from infections until the age of 5 years, measured by a “worm years” metric as a score of morbidity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Including PSAC in MDA will almost always lead to a reduction in morbidity. However, it does not necessarily result in a substantial increase in the probability of EPHP. The proportion of schistosome infections in each age group is a key factor in determining the effectiveness of MDA programs, which prioritize different age groups for treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Policymakers should be aware that including PSAC in MDA may not help to reach the World Health Organization target of EPHP. However, a reduction in the average summed worm infection burden at the age children typically start attending school is highly desirable in increasing the long-term benefit of MDA in early childhood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 107919"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}