Journal of Haitian Studies最新文献

{"title":"A Place in the Sun: Haiti, Haitians, and the Remaking of Quebec by Sean Mills (review)","authors":"Regine O. Jackson","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2019.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2019.0013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"38 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113961284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Face à l'indigénisme: Analyse comparative des œuvres de Pétion Savain et de Jean-René Jérôme et Jacques Gabriel","authors":"Pascale Romain","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2019.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2019.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Au début du 20e siècle, naissait en Haïti le mouvement indigéniste. De ce mouvement est issue une nouvelle peinture. Elle se proclame ethniciste, c'est-à-dire qu'elle privilégie l'histoire, la géographie, les paysages, le folklore et la culture d'Haïti. Elle met surtout en avant l'appartenance raciale à l'Afrique. Ainsi ont foisonné des tableaux où les scènes de marché, les scènes populaires paysannes, des natures mortes présentant les fruits et légumes du terroir et la race noire occupent une place de choix. Sous l'impulsion de Jacques Stephen Alexis qui prescrivait en 1951 que l'art fût réaliste, social et national, le courant indigéniste se renforça et l'entrée des « subalternes » sur la scène artistique d'Haïti contribua à donner à la peinture indigéniste plus d'authenticité. Au point de vue formel, les indigénistes n'excluaient pas l'apport des techniques occidentales. Ils acceptaient donc le métissage : les courants de l'impressionnisme et surtout du réalisme seront exploités par nombre d'entre eux. Durant tout le siècle, cette démarche s'est imposée, à côté de l'art naïf, comme l'image de marque de la peinture d'Haïti, contribuant ainsi à fonder un nouveau standard.Dans cet article, nous chercherons à savoir si Jacques Gabriel (1934–1988) et Jean-René Jérôme (1952–1991), qui ont peint des scènes de la réalité locale, se démarquent du courant indigéniste. Nous nous poserons la question suivante : continuent-ils la tradition indigéniste ou inaugurent-ils une autre voie ? Cette question revêt une grande importance dans la conjoncture caribéenne actuelle où la tendance est à la réhabilitation de l'indigénisme. Elle est d'autant plus importante que la nécessité d'haïtianiser l'art a pénalisé de nombreux artistes au plan de la production et de la réception.Notre projet n'étant pas d'analyser tout l'œuvre de ces deux peintres, nous avons recouru à un corpus ciblé. Nous avons choisi d'analyser les œuvres de Gabriel et Jérôme en regard des œuvres de Pétion Savain (1906–1973), car ce dernier est le peintre le plus représentatif de l'indigénisme haïtien. Nous avons retenu Jérôme et Gabriel parce que nous les considérons comme des pionniers. Gabriel a fait de la peinture abstraite et du collage dès les années 60 du 20e siècle. Jérôme a fait une peinture surréaliste et est considéré comme le chef de fil d'un courant nouveau de la peinture haïtienne dénommé improprement École de la beauté.","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127990709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lasirèn, Labalèn: L'abysse en migration dans Claire of the Sea Light","authors":"Roselyne E. Gérazime","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2019.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2019.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Avec Claire of the Sea Light (2013), l'écrivaine haïtienne-américaine Edwidge Danticat évoque une créature immatérielle. Repérable uniquement par l'espace négatif qu'elle crée dans l'océan par ses déplacements, Lasirèn est omniprésente et pourtant à jamais absente. Soit mortes, soit inconscientes au moment fatidique, ses victimes sont toujours absentes à elles-mêmes. Lasirèn désigne une créature de la mythologie Caribéenne qui hypnotise les pêcheurs, mais aussi un lwa vodou du panthéon Rada. Lasirèn de Danticat porte les caractéristiques de cette dernière.Cathy Caruth détermine le procédé traumatique comme la réponse à une expérience tellement accablante pour un individu, que ce dernier ne peut ni assimiler l'information, ni vivre l'expérience au moment où elle se déroule. Son inconscient étant incapable de « digérer » l'information reçue, un trou se forme dans l'espace qu'aurait dû occuper l'histoire. Avec la mer et l'environnement pour seuls témoins, seules traces de son passage, nous démontrerons que Lasirèn d'Edwidge Danticat se pose à la fois comme un traumatisme et comme le « trou » qu'il cause.Une approche théorique partagée entre la pensée du Gouffre du Martiniquais Edouard Glissant et les théories du traumatisme transgénérationel de la psychanalyste Cathy Caruth fournit la colonne vertébrale à notre essai. A la lumière de ces théories, nous démontrerons comment la créature marine prend possession des personnages du roman, et dissimule la migration dans l'espace-temps d'un traumatisme non-identifié. Comment l'abysse sans fond évoqué par la présence de Lasirèn pointe du doigt le passage Transatlantique.","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116325912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We Are All Haitians: In Memory of J. Michael Dash","authors":"Matthew J. Smith","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2019.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2019.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The passing of J. Michael Dash has left the academic community on both sides of the Atlantic in shock. As we come to terms with the weight of this loss, we should remember his many contributions to how we think, understand, and write about the Caribbean.","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114851365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empire's Guest Workers: Haitian Migrants in Cuba during the Age of US Occupation by Matthew Casey (review)","authors":"Alvarès Louis","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2019.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2019.0014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127327967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An n bati lekòl tèt an wo: Lang manman, pedagoji ak teknoloji kòm engredyan fondal natal pou yon chanjman radikal","authors":"M. DeGraff, G. Stump","doi":"10.1353/JHS.2018.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JHS.2018.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Pifò engredyan nan atik sa a se pou n rezime yon lòt atik ki te pibliye ane pase (an 2018) sou rezilta Inisyativ MIT-Ayiti a nan domenn edikasyon. Lòt atik sa a te parèt nan youn nan pi gwo jounal lengwistik nan lemonn—yon jounal syantifik ki rele Language (\"Kreyòl, Pedagogy, and Technology for Opening Up Quality Education in Haiti,\" Language 94.2 [2018]). Se Sosyete Lengwistik oz Etazini (\"Linguistics Society of America\"), ki se pi gwo asosyasyon entènasyonal pou lengwistik, ki pibliye jounal sa a.","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125384905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tropics of Haiti: Race and the Literary History of the Haitian Revolution in the Atlantic World, 1789–1865 by Marlene L. Daut (review)","authors":"Angeletta K. M. Gourdine","doi":"10.1353/jhs.2018.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2018.0025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126840137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ghetto Biennale/Geto 2009–2015 ed. by Leah Gordon (review)","authors":"LeGrace Benson","doi":"10.1353/JHS.2018.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JHS.2018.0023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129536170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Illustrated Approach to HPV and Cervical Cancer Education among Haitian Women","authors":"S. Kenya, B. Young, Cassandra Rene, T. Koru-Sengul, O. Carrasquillo","doi":"10.1353/JHS.2018.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JHS.2018.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Background: Haitian women bear some of the highest mortality rates from cervical cancer and HIV/AIDS in South Florida, indicating a critical need for culturally relevant preventive interventions within this community. Methods: We piloted an illustration-based, community health worker (CHW) intervention aimed at improving HPV and cervical cancer knowledge and screening behaviors among twenty-one sexually active Haitian women in Miami. Surveys were administered at baseline and three months post-education; changes in HPV knowledge and health behaviors were assessed via frequency analyses. Findings: Knowledge and behaviors regarding cervical cancer and HPV prevention improved, including awareness of HPV transmission modes, vaccination opportunities, and access to Pap smear screening. Conclusions: Preliminary results suggest the use of illustration-based teaching tools may be an effective strategy to increase knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer among Haitian women.","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128812986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupying Creole: The Crisis of Language under the US Occupation of Haiti","authors":"Matthew Robertshaw","doi":"10.1353/JHS.2018.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JHS.2018.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:At the start of the twentieth century, a movement began to dismantle Haiti's entrenched linguistic hierarchy. Haitian writers started using Creole in their works of literature in order to contest the notion that the language was unfit for written and formal contexts. Such a linguistic revolution, it was believed, would allow Haiti's long-neglected monolingual masses to participate in public life. The emergent Creole movement, however, came to an abrupt end with the onset of the US Occupation in 1915. Haitian intellectuals opted to cling to their French cultural heritage as a way of contesting the validity of the Americans' supposedly civilizing mission, and the Creole project was shelved. As it turned out, the Americans had their own reasons for expanding the use of Creole, and they contributed greatly to building an infrastructure for the language. Their actions, however, provoked widespread opposition and undermined their own work on the Creole question. The cause of language legitimation, much like Haitian democracy itself, ultimately regressed under the Occupation.","PeriodicalId":137704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Haitian Studies","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122064015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}